Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
Volume 93, Issue 4, Pages 801-809Publisher
AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0232
Keywords
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Funding
- United States Public Health Service from the U.S. National Institutes of Health [U19AI089681, D43TW007120, R01AI067727, K24AI068903, AI066791, AI095916, AI089686, AI075692]
- Medical Research Council [MR/K007467/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [MR/K007467/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Large scale antibody responses in Plasmodium vivax malaria remains unexplored in the endemic setting. Protein microarray analysis of asexual-stage P vivax was used to identify antigens recognized in sera from residents of hypoendemic Peruvian Amazon. Over 24 months, of 106 participants, 91 had two symptomatic P vivax malaria episodes, 11 had three episodes, 3 had four episodes, and 1 had five episodes. Plasmodium vivax relapse was distinguished from reinfection by a merozoite surface protein-3 alpha restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (MSP3 alpha PCR-RFLP) assay. Notably, P vivax reinfection subjects did not have higher reactivity to the entire set of recognized P vivax blood-stage antigens than relapse subjects, regardless of the number of malaria episodes. The most highly recognized P vivax proteins were MSP 4, 7, 8, and 10 (PVX_003775, PVX_082650, PVX_097625, and PVX_114145); sexual-stage antigen s16 (PVX_000930); early transcribed membrane protein (PVX_090230); tryptophanrich antigen (Pv-fam-a) (PVX_092995); apical merozoite antigen 1 (PVX_092275); and proteins of unknown function (PVX_081830, PVX_117680, PVX_118705, PVX_121935, PVX097730, PVX_110935, PVX_115450, and PVX_082475). Genes encoding reactive proteins exhibited a significant enrichment of non-synonymous nucleotide variation, an observation suggesting immune selection. These data identify candidates for seroepidemiological tools to support malaria elimination efforts in P vivax-endemic regions.
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