Article
Plant Sciences
Shan Jiang, Xu Tian, Xiaolong Huang, Jiankang Xin, Huiqing Yan
Summary: The CAD multigene family in P. patens consists of four genes. PpCADs have the potential to synthesize monolignols by catalyzing NADPH-dependent reduction. While PpCAD1 did not produce conventional monomers of lignin, it promoted phenylpropanoids to modify plant architecture and development, potentially enhancing resistance against pathogens.
Article
Plant Sciences
Nan Chao, Shuai Huang, Xiaoru Kang, Keermula Yidilisi, Mingjie Dai, Li Liu
Summary: In this study, five MaCADs were cloned and characterized in Morus alba. The results showed that MaCAD3/4 were bona fide CADs involved in lignin biosynthesis. Down-regulation of MaCAD3/4 resulted in a significant decrease in lignin content in both stems and leaves. MaCADs exhibited different expression patterns in response to various stresses, indicating their possible diverse roles. These findings provide an important foundation for the genetic modification of the monolignol pathway in mulberry.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yu Yan, Peng Wang, Yi Lu, Yujing Bai, Yunxie Wei, Guoyin Liu, Haitao Shi
Summary: The molecular mechanism underlying drought stress resistance in cassava involves MeRAV5 modulating H2O2 and lignin levels. Silencing of MeCAD15 or MeRAV5, either separately or together, results in lower drought stress resistance in cassava, which can be alleviated by exogenous lignin treatment.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Siddhartha Singh, Neelam Sharma, Anudeep B. Malannavar, Anila Badiyal, Prem Nath Sharma
Summary: Tall fescue is a promising temperate forage grass, but its poor digestibility due to higher lignin content limits its utilization in livestock feeding. The present investigation focuses on the isolation, cloning, and characterization of the Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) gene from Tall fescue. The study provides useful information for lignin bioengineering research and improving the digestibility and biomass conversion of fodder crops.
MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Lei Hu, Xuan Zhang, Huihui Ni, Fangyu Yuan, Shuiming Zhang
Summary: This study identified and studied the expression correlation of the pomegranate CAD gene family. The family has 25 members distributed on seven chromosomes. The family was divided into four groups, with one involved in lignin synthesis and another in stress resistance. Gene expression analysis revealed multiple functions of the PgCAD gene family.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christopher J. Robinson, Jonathan Tellechea-Luzardo, Pablo Carbonell, Adrian J. Jervis, Cunyu Yan, Katherine A. Hollywood, Mark S. Dunstan, Andrew Currin, Eriko Takano, Nigel S. Scrutton
Summary: Metabolic engineering technologies have been successfully employed for the engineering and optimization of industrial host strains over the past three decades. Design-Build-Test-Learn pipelines are being established to rapidly deliver diverse chemical targets through iterative optimization of microbial production strains. Biofoundries are using in silico tools for genetic design and combinatorial design of experiments to optimize selection within the potential design space based on multi-criteria objectives.
BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Chong Yu Lok Yusuf, Nuraini Sabri Nabilah, Nur Atiqah Amiza Mohd Taufik, Idris Abu Seman, Mohd Puad Abdullah
Summary: Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is a key enzyme involved in lignin biosynthesis in plants. This study identified and analyzed seven CAD genes in oil palm, with a focus on two genes, EgCAD1 and EgCAD2. The results showed that EgCAD1 and EgCAD2 are involved in lignin biosynthesis during normal development and response to stress in oil palm, and their 5' flanking regions contain important regulatory elements.
Article
Plant Sciences
Wei Liu, Yun Jiang, Yazhong Jin, Chenghui Wang, Juan Yang, Hongyan Qi
Summary: The study revealed that ABA, H2O2, and JA positively regulate the expressions of CmCADs and participate in lignin synthesis under drought stress. Different signal molecules have distinct positive regulatory effects on specific CmCADs and lignin biosynthesis genes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pengyu Wu, Rui Zhang, Shangqi Yu, Jiazhi Fu, Zhongzhong Guo, Dong Li, Zhiyong Pan, Haifang Hu
Summary: This study identified 18 JrCAD genes in walnuts and analyzed their evolutionary and functional characteristics. It was found that JrCADs have different expression patterns in walnut endocarps at different developmental stages, and several candidate genes involved in endocarp hardening were identified.
BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Guosong Dong, Qunqun Guo, Wenjun Deng, Yu Zhang, Hongzheng Tai, Chao Wang, Guicai Du, Ronggui Li
Summary: This study selected the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene (BxCAD-1) from the pine wood nematode (PWN) to investigate the pathogenic mechanism of pine wilt disease (PWD). The BxCAD-1 gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and its activity was characterized under different conditions. By using RNA interference, the functions of BxCAD-1 in the nematode were down-regulated, resulting in decreased movement, feeding, reproduction, and lifespan. The study also showed that BxCAD-1 was expressed in the digestive tract of male and female adults. These findings provide a promising target for PWD control.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Reza Ramdan Rivai, Takuji Miyamoto, Tatsuya Awano, Rie Takada, Yuki Tobimatsu, Toshiaki Umezawa, Masaru Kobayashi
Summary: Nitrogen supply significantly affects the cell wall structure and composition of sorghum seedlings, leading to a decrease in the syringyl/guaiacyl lignin unit ratio, an increase in hemicellulose content, and alterations in tissue distribution. These cell wall changes may be associated with changes in gene expression.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Can Chen, Jingming Chang, Sheng Wang, Jie Lu, Yi Liu, Hongqi Si, Genlou Sun, Chuanxi Ma
Summary: In this study, the full-length genomic DNA sequence of the CAD gene in wheat was cloned, and a marker 5-f2r2 was developed. Four haplotype combinations of CAD genes were identified in 258 wheat lines. The results indicated a significant positive correlation between CAD gene expression and CAD activity, between wheat CAD activity and wheat stem strength.
Article
Plant Sciences
Tengxun Zhang, Fei Bao, Aiqin Ding, Yongjuan Yang, Tangren Cheng, Jia Wang, Qixiang Zhang
Summary: Floral scent is an important trait of Prunus mume and shows significant differences in composition among cultivars. Cinnamyl alcohol is a key floral volatile compound and PmCAD1 plays a crucial role in its synthesis. This study provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the molecular biosynthesis mechanism of floral volatiles in P. mume.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Xing Huang, Bochao Xu, Shibei Tan, Yanlei Huang, Jingen Xi, Xu Qin, Tao Chen, Helong Chen, Xiaohan Yang, Kexian Yi
Summary: This study identified the evolutionary and expression characteristics of the CAD gene family in agave, providing potential targets for improving lignin traits in the future. The transcriptome dataset of A. angustifolia presented here will facilitate further research on lignin biosynthesis in agave.
Article
Plant Sciences
Koichi Yoshioka, Hoon Kim, Fachuang Lu, Nette De Ridder, Ruben Vanholme, Shinya Kajita, Wout Boerjan, John Ralph
Summary: A previously overlooked benzofuran moiety was discovered in lignin, revealing its potential mechanistic role in lignification.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sajjan Grover, Earl Agpawa, Gautam Sarath, Scott E. Sattler, Joe Louis
Summary: Interactions among phytohormones are essential for providing tolerance of sorghum plants to aphids. Through screening of sorghum inbred lines, a tolerant genotype to sugarcane aphids was identified, displaying minimal plant biomass loss and a robust photosynthetic machinery despite higher aphid population. Phytohormone analysis revealed specific changes in hormone levels in the tolerant genotype, providing insights into the mechanisms of plant tolerance to sap-sucking aphids.
PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Manny Saluja, Feiyu Zhu, Hongfeng Yu, Harkamal Walia, Scott E. Sattler
Summary: The study focused on the impact of COMT deficiency in sorghum plants. The bmr12 mutation resulted in changes in root morphology, anatomy, and adaptation to water limitation. The mutant showed increased sensitivity to gibberellic acid, with evidence of its role in regulating reduced lateral root density in bmr12.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
John T. Lovell, Alice H. MacQueen, Sujan Mamidi, Jason Bonnette, Jerry Jenkins, Joseph D. Napier, Avinash Sreedasyam, Adam Healey, Adam Session, Shengqiang Shu, Kerrie Barry, Stacy Bonos, LoriBeth Boston, Christopher Daum, Shweta Deshpande, Aren Ewing, Paul P. Grabowski, Taslima Haque, Melanie Harrison, Jiming Jiang, Dave Kudrna, Anna Lipzen, Thomas H. Pendergast, Chris Plott, Peng Qi, Christopher A. Saski, Eugene Shakirov, David Sims, Manoj Sharma, Rita Sharma, Ada Stewart, Vasanth R. Singan, Yuhong Tang, Sandra Thibivillier, Jenell Webber, Xiaoyu Weng, Melissa Williams, Guohong Albert Wu, Yuko Yoshinaga, Matthew Zane, Li Zhang, Jiyi Zhang, Kathrine D. Behrman, Arvid R. Boe, Philip A. Fay, Felix B. Fritschi, Julie D. Jastrow, John Lloyd-Reilley, Juan Manuel Martinez-Reyna, Roser Matamala, Robert B. Mitchell, Francis M. Rouquette, Pamela Ronald, Malay Saha, Christian M. Tobias, Michael Udvardi, Rod A. Wing, Yanqi Wu, Laura E. Bartley, Michael Casler, Katrien M. Devos, David B. Lowry, Daniel S. Rokhsar, Jane Grimwood, Thomas E. Juenger, Jeremy Schmutz
Summary: Climate change and environmental extremes threaten food and fuel security, as well as global crop productivity. Molecular and adaptive breeding strategies can help improve crop resilience, but require in-depth knowledge of productivity and adaptation genes. The study on the genome of switchgrass revealed extensive genomic evidence of climate adaptation and accelerated climate adaptation through gene flow during postglacial colonization. These findings not only provide insights into climate adaptation patterns, but also offer tools for breeders to increase switchgrass yield for sustainable bioenergy production.
Article
Agronomy
Serge J. Edme, Gautam Sarath, Nathan Palmer, Gary Y. Yuen, Anthony A. Muhle, Rob Mitchell, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Christian Tobias
Summary: In a population of Summer-Kanlow switchgrass, genetic parameters and estimating breeding values were studied for various traits using a multivariate phenotypic and animal models. The results suggest that selecting high-biomass genotypes may increase lignin content and improve mosaic tolerance, with ethanol being a key factor in mitigating increased lignin content. The ABLUP model showed better accuracy and reliability compared to the PBLUP model in this study.
Article
Agronomy
Surya L. Shrestha, Hem S. Bhandari, Fred L. Allen, Christian M. Tobias, Santosh Nayak, Ken Goddard, Scott A. Senseman
Summary: Heterosis plays an important role in switchgrass breeding, with hybrid cultivars showing potential for biomass yield improvement. The study identified superior crosses for hybrid development through seasonal single cut, demonstrating significant differences in biomass yield across locations and showing a moderate to strong positive association between clonal mass scores and biomass yield.
Article
Agronomy
Yves Emendack, Zhanguo Xin, Chad Hayes, Gloria Burow, Scott Sattler, Scott Bean, Dmitriy Smolensky
Summary: This article introduces three new sorghum brown midrib (bmr) genetic stocks that provide an extensive source of (bmr12) variants for use in forage breeding programs. The genetic stocks were analyzed for mutations, confirmed through DNA sequencing and KASP markers, and evaluated for physiological and agro-morphological traits. The bmr12 mutants displayed earlier flowering and higher total seed protein compared to the wild type. These new bmr12 alleles offer important and novel genetic stock sources for breeding forage sorghum.
JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Sangwoong Yoon, Jennifer Bragg, Sheyla Aucar-Yamato, Lisa Chanbusarakum, Kurtis Dluge, Prisca Cheng, Eduardo Blumwald, Yong Gu, Christian M. Tobias
Summary: This paper introduces a centromere-mediated genome elimination strategy for efficient production of inbred lines. By using transgenic methods and different chimeric versions of CENH3, haploid individuals and aneuploids were successfully induced in switchgrass.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bixia Zhang, Jacob A. Lewis, Frank Kovacs, Scott E. Sattler, Gautam Sarath, ChulHee Kang
Summary: PviAPX is a key antioxidant enzyme that scavenges H2O2 in plants. It can oxidize a broad range of phenylpropanoids, contributing to the strengthening of cell walls. These findings provide new insights into the function and catalysis of PviAPX and have potential implications for improving plant health and biomass quality in bioenergy and forage crops.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Deanna L. Funnell-Harris, Scott E. Sattler, John J. Toy, Patrick M. O'Neill, Lois F. Bernhardson
Summary: Sorghum, a drought-tolerant crop, has diverse uses in food, feed, forage, and bioenergy. Stalk diseases often reduce the quality and yield of biomass and grain, especially under drought conditions. Recent studies have shown that certain mutations in sorghum can improve resistance to stalk pathogens, making them valuable for cultivar and hybrid development for various applications.
Article
Plant Sciences
Bixia Zhang, Jacob A. Lewis, Wilfred Vermerris, Scott E. Sattler, ChulHee Kang
Summary: The crystal structure of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (SbAPX) from sorghum was determined, revealing its unique binding of four ascorbate molecules. These bound ascorbates participate in the oxidation reaction of hydrogen peroxide and are also involved in the oxidative polymerization of phenylpropanoids in the cell wall. These findings contribute to our understanding of the free radical scavenging mechanism and stress responses in plants.
Article
Plant Sciences
Juan Betancurt Cardona, Sajjan Grover, Lucas Busta, Scott. E. E. Sattler, Joe Louis
Summary: Quantification of cuticular waxes coupled with insect bioassays and feeding behavior analysis demonstrate that long-chain C-32 fatty alcohol impacts host plant selection by aphids. The study found that the reproduction and feeding behavior of sugarcane aphids were not significantly affected by the presence of aromatic plants compared to wild-type plants. However, the Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) monitoring results showed that aphids preferentially fed on the xylem sap of aromatic plants, suggesting a critical role of cuticular waxes in influencing host plant selection by aphids.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Surya L. Shrestha, Christian M. Tobias, Hem S. Bhandari, Jennifer Bragg, Santosh Nayak, Ken Goddard, Fred Allen
Summary: In this study, QTL mapping was conducted to identify marker-trait associations related to biomass yield, plant height, and crown size in switchgrass. Significant QTL were found on chromosomes 8N, 6N, and 8K, providing valuable insights for marker-assisted breeding in switchgrass for bioenergy production.
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Nathan A. Palmer, Gautam Sarath, Michael J. Bowman, Aaron J. Saathoff, Serge J. Edme, Robert B. Mitchell, Christian M. Tobias, Soundararajan Madhavan, Erin D. Scully, Scott E. Sattler
Summary: This study examined the problem of unpredictable winter hardiness in high-yielding southerly adapted switchgrasses at more northerly sites. The metabolism of two different switchgrass cultivars was compared, revealing differences in ABA levels, starch accumulation, transcriptional reprogramming, and enzymes linked to primary metabolism. These differences may be the result of unique physiological adaptations in each cultivar.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Heena Puri, Sajjan Grover, Lise Pingault, Scott E. Sattler, Joe Louis
Summary: A study has found that resistant sorghum plants activate early defense signaling mechanisms in response to aphid infestation by regulating genes involved in sucrose metabolism, cellulose metabolism, and plant hormone biosynthesis. This study provides important insights into the defense mechanisms of sorghum against aphid herbivory.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bixia Zhang, Gerhard R. Munske, Vitaliy Timokhin, John Ralph, Dmitri R. Davydov, Wilfred Vermerris, Scott E. Sattler, ChulHee Kang
Summary: Through studying the CPR subunits in sorghum, it has been found that their structure and function, especially the hinge region of the connecting domain, can serve as a target to alter biomass composition.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)