Article
Microbiology
Judah Ssekitoleko, Lonzy Ojok, Ahmed Abd El Wahed, Joseph Erume, Ahmad Amanzada, ElSagad Eltayeb, Kamal H. Eltom, Julius Boniface Okuni
Summary: This review discusses the mechanisms utilized by MAP to overcome the host defense system to achieve virulence, including putative MAP virulence genes and their probable roles in comparison to other mycobacteria. It also highlights the importance of understanding MAP virulence mechanisms in controlling and preventing paratuberculosis.
Article
Reproductive Biology
Jessica Lobo Albuquerque Caldeira, Ana Carolina Silva Faria, Edgar Andres Diaz-Miranda, Tiago Jaquel Zilch, Sanely Lourenco da Costa Caliman, Denise Silva Okano, Jose Domingues Guimara, Junnia Luisa Pena, Wagner Faria Barbosa, Abelardo Silva Junior, Yung-Fu Chang, Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo Moreira
Summary: The study found that MAP affects the motility and vigor of bovine sperm, with higher concentrations of MAP leading to lower sperm performance. MAP was found to remain viable in samples of higher concentrations after thawing, indicating the potential transmission of this pathogen through artificial insemination.
Article
Immunology
Maedeh Moghadam, Ezzat Allah Ghaemi, Hamideh Akbari, Hadi Razavi Nikoo, Samin Zamani
Summary: This study investigated the association between MAP and HT. The results indicated that the frequency of MAP and MAP3865c antibodies was significantly higher in HT patients compared to the healthy controls. Furthermore, individuals with a positive result for MAP or anti-MAP3865c antibodies showed a significantly higher rate of livestock contact and traditional dairy consumption.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hannah Dane, Linda D. Stewart, Irene R. Grant
Summary: This review provides an overview of the development of culture methods for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), including its growth requirements, the advantages and disadvantages of different culture media, the performance of commonly used MAP culture media, and sample preparation/decontamination protocols for different sample types. The limitations of current MAP culture methods and prospects for improvements are discussed.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Alexander Byrne, Nathalie Bissonnette, Severine Ollier, Kapil Tahlan
Summary: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne's Disease (JD) in ruminants and poses significant economic loss to the global dairy industry. This study investigates the prevalence and impact of mixed strain infection (MSI) and microevolution on JD by analyzing MAP isolates from high-shedding animals. The results show evidence of MSIs and microevolution in most animals, with variations in short sequence repeats (SSRs) affecting protein products and potentially influencing the infectivity of the pathogen. These findings provide insights into the dynamics and evolution of MAP in JD.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Alexander Byrne, Nathalie Bissonnette, Severine Ollier, Kapil Tahlan
Summary: This study reveals the presence of mixed strain infection and microevolution in high-shedding animals, which could have implications for the development of Johne's Disease in dairy cattle.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Rachel Hodgeman, Rachel Mann, Keith Savin, Noel Djitro, Simone Rochfort, Brendan Rodoni
Summary: This study conducted the first phylogenetic analysis of Australian Map isolates, revealing a highly monomorphic Type C lineage and clustering all Australian isolates into a single clade in the Type S lineage with a single Scottish sheep strain. The identified limitations of current typing methods highlight the need for further development of improved diagnostic typing methods for Map.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sung-Woon Choi, Suji Kim, Hong-Tae Park, Hyun-Eui Park, Jeong-Soo Choi, Han Sang Yoo
Summary: This study utilized circulating miRNA as a diagnostic tool for JD and found that miRNA expression changed as MAP infection progressed. Eight differentially expressed miRNAs were selected as biomarker candidates in all infected groups and were validated through qRT-PCR. Network analysis predicted the activation of mRNAs associated with regulatory T cells in the subclinical stage, suggesting that two miRNAs (bta-miR-374b, bta-miR-2887) may play major roles in the immune response to MAP infection during the subclinical stage.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kristina J. H. Kleinwort, Bernhard F. Hobmaier, Ricarda Mayer, Christina Hoelzel, Roxane L. Degroote, Erwin Martlbauer, Stefanie M. Hauck, Cornelia A. Deeg
Summary: Proteomic analysis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) cultivated in milk revealed upregulation of proteins involved in metabolism, fatty acid metabolism/synthesis, stress responses, immune evasion, transcription/translation, and bacterial cell wall synthesis. Proteins such as Dut, MmpL4_1, and RecA were only detected in MAP incubated in milk, suggesting crucial roles in coping with a stressful environment. Additionally, 35 candidates with stable expression in all conditions were identified as potential detection targets.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Heike Koehler, Elisabeth Liebler-Tenorio, Valerie Hughes, Karen Stevenson, Douwe Bakker, Peter Willemsen, Sylvie Bay, Christelle Ganneau, Franck Biet, H. Martin Vordermeier
Summary: The study assessed the diagnostic potential of MAP-derived recombinant protein antigens and lipopeptide antigens in goats infected with MAP, compared to crude mycobacterial antigen preparations. Some MAP-derived antigens were found to increase IFN-gamma levels, while synthetic lipopeptides and other protein antigens could not discriminate between different infections.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Maria Manuela Estevinho, Jose Cabeda, Mafalda Santiago, Elisabete Machado, Ricardo Silva, Mary Duro, Ines Pita, Rui Morais, Guilherme Macedo, Tim J. Bull, Fernando Magro, Amelia Sarmento
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and Escherichia coli isolates with adherence/invasive ability (AIEC) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. The results showed that MAP was more frequently cultured from the blood and faecal samples of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and cirrhosis, while most individuals' faecal samples had isolates of AIEC-like E. coli. However, only three confirmed E. coli isolates had an AIEC-like phenotype. This study confirmed the association between MAP and CD, but did not find a strong association between the presence of AIEC and CD.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Vincent Rochard, Thierry Cochard, Stephanie Crapart, Vincent Delafont, Jean-Louis Moyen, Yann Hechard, Franck Biet
Summary: The prevalence of Johne's disease (JD) caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (Map) is high and poses significant economic losses in the dairy industry worldwide. Recent studies have shown that Map may hinder the eradication of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) due to frequent co-infection. This study investigates the co-occurrence of amoebae and mycobacteria in water troughs of cattle herds monitored for JD or bTB, and suggests that amoebae may play a role in the transmission of JD.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sepideh Hosseiniporgham, Lucio Rebechesu, Pierangela Pintore, Stefano Lollai, Maria Dattena, Simone Russo, Angelo Ruiu, Leonardo A. Sechi
Summary: Paratuberculosis is an incurable gastroenteritis in ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). A novel phage-based assay (PBQ) showed a superior limit of detection compared to the conventional method (PMS), indicating its potential for assessing MAP viability in milk samples. The PBQ method was preferred due to its lower LOD, higher sensitivity, rapidity, and lack of additional treatments required.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Sylvie Bay, Douglas Begg, Christelle Ganneau, Maxime Branger, Thierry Cochard, John P. Bannantine, Heike Koehler, Jean-Louis Moyen, Richard J. Whittington, Franck Biet
Summary: This study aimed to chemically synthesize a water-soluble variant of L5P for serological diagnosis of MAP. The results showed that both L5P and its water-soluble derivative are suitable for population-level serological testing for Johne's disease, but they have lower sensitivity in ELISA compared to a commercial test. The synthetic MAP specific antigens can be produced in large quantities at low cost for robust studies.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Melina Rasper-Hossinger, Michael Biggel, Roger Stephan, Frauke Seehusen, Simone Scherrer
Summary: The study aimed to analyze strain diversity in MAP-positive fecal samples using specific SNPs to distinguish between cattle and sheep type MAP, as well as SNPs within gyrA and gyrB genes to differentiate between Types I, II, and III. MIRU-VNTR analysis using eight loci was also performed. The results showed a heterogeneity of MAP in Switzerland, with 96.7% of the samples containing C-type MAP and 3.3% containing S-type MAP.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Christine Atherstone, Sandra Diederich, Bradley Pickering, Greg Smith, Graham Casey, Kerstin Fischer, Michael P. Ward, Dickson Ndoboli, Hana Weingartl, Silvia Alonso, Navneet Dhand, Kristina Roesel, Delia Grace, Siobhan M. Mor
Summary: This study revealed exposure of pigs in Uganda to ebolaviruses with temporal and spatial variations, suggesting the possibility of multiple virus introductions.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Balbir B. Singh, Michael P. Ward, Navneet K. Dhand
Summary: Understanding human disease, zoonoses and emergence is a global priority, which requires deep understanding of pathogen ecology and the complex relationships at the agent-environment interface. Analyzing social and environmental factors associated with human, zoonotic and emerging pathogen diversity at a global scale revealed associations with human population density, land area, temperature, and human development index. Multiple models demonstrated that society-agent-environment interactions predict global pathogen diversity, with weather variables potentially influencing pathogen diversity.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
K. J. Smith, R. J. Whittington, M. A. Corrigan, B. Edmonstone, N. A. Cronin, N. K. Dhand, O. P. Dhungyel
Summary: The efficacy of serogroup-specific bivalent fimbrial vaccines in controlling relatively mild footrot in sheep flocks in NSW was studied. Results showed that the vaccines were effective in controlling footrot caused by intermediate strains of D. nodosus, with antibody levels above the protective immunity threshold in most animals. However, on farms 2, 3, and 4, footrot was controlled but not eliminated, indicating a reduction in disease prevalence and severity.
AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Balbir B. Singh, Michael P. Ward, Navneet K. Dhand
Summary: Understanding the zoonotic and emerging potential of viruses is crucial in preventing and controlling disease epidemics. Research has identified that bat- and livestock-adapted viruses pose high risks, and nucleic acid type plays a significant role in determining the potential of viruses.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Balbir B. Singh, Brecht Devleesschauwer, Mehar S. Khatkar, Mark Lowerison, Baljit Singh, Navneet K. Dhand, Herman W. Barkema
Summary: COVID-19 has had a significant impact on India, with a large population and varying population densities. This study assesses the disease burden of COVID-19 in India in 2020, taking into account differences across urban and rural areas and different age groups. The findings reveal a high number of DALYs due to the direct impact of COVID-19, with older age groups being particularly affected.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eleftherios Meletis, Ravikiran Keshavamurthy, Balbir Bagicha Singh Dhaliwal, Rabinder Singh Aulakh, Navneet Dhand, Polychronis Kostoulas
Summary: This study evaluated the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of three diagnostic methods for C. burnetii infection in cattle and buffaloes in Punjab, India. The results showed that none of the methods were perfect, therefore a testing regimen based on the diagnostic characteristics of the tests may be considered.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Harish K. Tiwari, Vishal Proch, Balbir B. Singh, Kathrin Schemann, Michael Ward, Jaswinder Singh, Jatinder P. S. Gill, Navneet K. Dhand
Summary: Compared to veterinarians, animal handlers in India are less likely to recognize potential exposures in veterinary practice, have lower awareness of signs and symptoms of brucellosis, and are less likely to recommend vaccination for cattle against the disease. Animal handlers are also less likely to use adequate personal protective equipment during high-risk veterinary exposures compared to veterinarians, despite handling a higher number of cases of abortion.Increased awareness and training on the importance of PPE use among veterinary personnel, especially animal handlers, could help reduce the prevalence of brucellosis in veterinary professionals.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Mac Kneipp, Alexandra C. Green, Merran Govendir, Michael Laurence, Navneet K. Dhand
Summary: Pinkeye is a significant disease for cattle worldwide, causing negative impacts on farm productivity and animal welfare. Factors such as age of cattle, frequency of treatment, and herd size influence farmers' perception of the disease's impact and their estimated spending. Understanding these factors can help improve outcomes for both cattle and farmers.
PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Annette Burgess, Jenny-Ann Toribio, Harish Tiwari, Meg Vost, Alexandra Green, Navneet Dhand
Summary: Building capacity in epidemiology skills for veterinarians is crucial in the Asia-Pacific region. This study designed and evaluated a 4-day Veterinary Epidemiology Teaching Skills (VETS) workshop, which showed that participants were able to achieve key learning outcomes through concise literature, teaching frameworks, and active participation.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Karen Smith, Richard J. Whittington, Alexandra C. Green, Navneet K. Dhand, Alicia Moses, Annie Grove, Tegan Thane, Om P. Dhungyel
Summary: This study investigates farmers' perceptions and risk factors for footrot and other hoof diseases in sheep in New South Wales. The results show that flock size, requirement of an Animal Health Statement, frequency of foot inspections, and the terrain where the flocks are kept are all associated with the occurrence of footrot and other hoof diseases.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Mac Kneipp, Alexandra C. Green, Merran Govendir, Michael Laurence, Navneet K. Dhand
Summary: Pinkeye is a significant disease of cattle worldwide, and a commercial vaccine for it has been available in Australia since 2007. However, this field trial showed that the vaccine was not effective in preventing naturally occurring pinkeye.
PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Vidya Bhardwaj, Om P. Dhungyel, Kumudika de Silva, Navneet K. Dhand, Richard J. Whittington
Summary: Foot conformation parameters may be associated with susceptibility to footrot, potentially by affecting the microbial environment on the interdigital skin.
SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jessica Taaffe, Rajnish Sharma, Aravindh Babu R. Parthiban, Jaswinder Singh, Paviter Kaur, Balbir B. Singh, Jatinder P. S. Gill, Dhinakar Raj Gopal, Navneet K. Dhand, Falgunee K. Parekh
Summary: India's population, agriculture, environment, and social dynamics create conditions for zoonotic diseases, requiring a One Health approach for control. This study assesses the landscape of local One Health activities in India, emphasizing the need for intersectoral coordination and collaboration. The findings reveal limited formal coordination among veterinary, medical, and environmental professionals in the prevention and detection of zoonotic diseases at the local level, but highlight examples of successful intersectoral coordination.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Edward J. Annand, Bethany A. Horsburgh, Kai Xu, Peter A. Reid, Ben Poole, Maximillian C. de Kantzow, Nicole Brown, Alison Tweedie, Michelle Michie, John D. Grewar, Anne E. Jackson, Nagendrakumar B. Singanallur, Karren M. Plain, Karan Kim, Mary Tachedjian, Brenda van der Heide, Sandra Crameri, David T. Williams, Cristy Secombe, Eric D. Laing, Spencer Sterling, Lianying Yan, Louise Jackson, Cheryl Jones, Raina K. Plowright, Alison J. Peel, Andrew C. Breed, Ibrahim Diallo, Navneet K. Dhand, Philip N. Britton, Christopher C. Broder, Ina Smith, John-Sebastian Eden
Summary: Researchers have identified a novel Hendra virus variant in Australia that evades routine testing, yet is shown to have similarity to the prototypic virus. The current treatments and preventive measures are still effective against this variant. Upgraded surveillance and biosecurity practices are necessary to address the spreading risk of this variant.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Gurlal S. Gill, Balbir B. Singh, Navneet K. Dhand, Rabinder S. Aulakh, Michael P. Ward, Victoria J. Brookes
Summary: The overpopulation of stray dogs has become a serious issue in India, affecting public health and animal welfare. This study estimated the stray dog populations in Punjab using a recommended method and provided important information for implementing animal birth and disease control programs.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2022)