Journal
APMIS
Volume 122, Issue 4, Pages 257-267Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/apm.12143
Keywords
Vaccines; adjuvants; aluminium salts; oil emulsions; toll-like receptors; cytokines; saponin; delivery system; liposomes; immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOMS); nanoparticles
Categories
Funding
- Venezuelan Foundation of Scientific Research FONACIT [G2005000389]
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Adjuvants may promote immune responses: by recruiting professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to the vaccination site, increasing the delivery of antigens to APCs, or by activating APCs to produce cytokines and by triggering T cell responses. Aluminium salts have been effective at promoting protective humoral immunity; however, they are not effective in generating cell-mediated immunity. A number of different approaches have been developed to potentiate immune response and they have been partially successful. Research has been conducted into vaccine delivery systems (VDS); enhancing cross-presentation by targeting antigens to (APCs). Antigen discovery has increased over the past decade, and consequently, it has accelerated vaccine development demanding a new generation of VDS that combines different types of adjuvants into specific formulations with greater activity. The new approaches offer a wide spectrum of opportunities in vaccine research with direct applications in the near future.
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