Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Xiu Liu, Dong Wang, Jing Hu, Chang Song, Lingjie Liao, Yi Feng, Dan Li, Hui Xing, Yuhua Ruan
Summary: This study examines the changes in HIV-1 subtypes, sub-subtypes, and transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among previously untreated Chinese individuals diagnosed with HIV infection. The prevalence of certain subtypes/sub-subtypes has declined, while others have increased. The prevalence of TDR has also significantly increased. Measures to control TDR transmission are urgently needed in China.
Article
Virology
Ivailo Alexiev, Anupama Shankar, Yi Pan, Lyubomira Grigorova, Alexandra Partsuneva, Reneta Dimitrova, Anna Gancheva, Asya Kostadinova, Ivaylo Elenkov, Nina Yancheva, Rusina Grozdeva, Dimitar Strashimirov, Mariana Stoycheva, Ivan Baltadzhiev, Tsetsa Doichinova, Lilia Pekova, Minas Kosmidis, Radoslava Emilova, Maria Nikolova, William M. Switzer
Summary: The prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance and genetic diversity in Bulgaria between 2012 and 2020 was investigated. The study found a low prevalence of drug resistance mutations in ART-naive patients, but high HIV-1 genetic diversity. Most drug resistance mutations were present in transmission clusters involving male-to-male sexual contact. This study provides valuable information for the development of enhanced prevention strategies to end the HIV epidemic.
Article
Virology
Claudia R. de Andrade Arrais, Kledoaldo Lima, Marta Barreiros, Jessyca K. F. Rodrigues, Nilviane P. S. Sousa, Daniel D. Costa, Francisco D. R. P. Santos, Gerson F. M. Pereira, Antonia I. e Silva Viana, Allan K. Barros, Elcio Leal
Summary: This study evaluated the genetic characterization of 132 HIV-1 pol sequences from children and adolescents undergoing antiretroviral therapy in Northeast Brazil. Most individuals harbored HIV-1 B and BF recombinants, with an overall antiretroviral resistance rate of 47%. The study highlighted the importance of surveillance of resistance mutations, with key mutations including M184V and K103N.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Bin Zhao, Wei Song, Mingming Kang, Xue Dong, Xin Li, Lu Wang, Jianmin Liu, Haibo Ding, Zhenxing Chu, Lin Wang, Yu Qiu, Hong Shang, Xiaoxu Han
Summary: This study describes the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients in Shenyang, China between 2016 and 2019. The results show a moderate prevalence of TDR (5-15%) in Shenyang, and TDR strains are mainly transmitted among men who have sex with men (MSM).
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yifan Su, Mingxue Qi, Mingli Zhong, Nawei Yu, Chen Chen, Zi Ye, Cong Cheng, Zhiliang Hu, Hongying Zhang, Hongxia Wei
Summary: This study investigated the epidemic characteristics of and risk factors for HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in Nanjing from 2018 to 2021. The overall drug resistance rate was 8.2%, with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors being the most common. Patients with a low CD4+ T lymphocyte count were more likely to have TDR.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Georges Teto, Alex Durand Nka, Joseph Fokam, Yagai Bouba, Desire Takou, Lavinia Fabeni, Luca Carioti, Daniele Armenia, Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue, Beatrice Dambaya, Samuel Martin Sosso, Vittorio Colizzi, Carlo-Federico Perno, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Maria Mercedes Santoro, Alexis Ndjolo
Summary: This study found that some Gag mutations show an increased frequency in patients failing protease inhibitors (PIs) among HIV-1 non-B clades. These Gag mutations had a significantly higher prevalence in PI/r-treated isolates compared to patients who were not treated with PIs. However, these Gag mutations associated with protease resistance mutations did not have a significant impact on viral load or CD4 count in patients failing PI/r treatment.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Hung-Chin Tsai, I-Tzu Chen, Hui-Min Chang, Susan Shin-Jung Lee, Yao-Shen Chen
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance in patients with HIV-1 infection and compared the differences in drug resistance before and after the implementation of STRs in Taiwan. The findings showed a stable prevalence rate of transmitted drug resistance despite the implementation of STRs as the first-line therapy.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Xianwu Pang, Kailing Tang, Qin He, Jinghua Huang, Ningye Fang, Xinjuan Zhou, Qiuying Zhu, Xiuling Wu, Zhiyong Shen, Shujia Liang
Summary: The study found a TDR prevalence of 7.21% among newly diagnosed HIV-1 individuals in Guangxi. Being unmarried and having the CRF08_BC subtype were significantly associated with TDR prevalence.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Chang Zhou, Shu Liang, Yiping Li, Yan Zhang, Ling Li, Li Ye, Dan Yuan, Ling Su
Summary: This study investigated the characteristics of HIV-1 molecular epidemiology and transmitted drug resistance in newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients in Sichuan province, China. The majority of HIV-1 genotypes in Sichuan were CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE, and the level of transmitted drug resistance was medium. The study also found that CRF08_BC was a risk factor for transmitted drug resistance.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yuanyuan Xu, Hongjie Shi, Xiaoxiao Dong, Chengyuan Ding, Sushu Wu, Xin Li, Hongying Zhang, Mengkai Qiao, Xiaoshan Li, Zhengping Zhu
Summary: This study aimed to understand the prevalence and transmission of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among ART-naive HIV-1-infected individuals in Nanjing. The overall prevalence of TDR in Nanjing was 7.8%, with nearly half of TDR individuals included in transmission clusters. It is crucial to sustain and expand HIV drug-resistance prevention, monitoring, and response efforts in Nanjing to reduce the prevalence and transmission of TDR.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Dan Yuan, Bin Yu, Yiping Li, Zixin Wang, Meijing Liu, Li Ye, Yuling Huang, Ling Su, Yan Zhang, Laze Api, Maogang Chen, Chang Zhou, Li Liu, Linglin Zhang, Shu Liang, Peng Jia, Shujuan Yang
Summary: The study in Butuo county, a minority area of China, found a relatively high prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among newly diagnosed people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) at 8.12%. NNRTI resistance was most common, with mutations such as V179D/E/DE, K103N/KN, and E138A/G. There were 577 pol sequences involved in genetic transmission networks, with 37.38% of individuals carrying TDR being part of these networks, indicating clustered transmissions among PLWH in the area.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Chang Zhou, Rui Kang, Shu Liang, Teng Fei, Yiping Li, Ling Su, Ling Li, Li Ye, Yan Zhang, Dan Yuan
Summary: The study evaluated the drug-resistant transmission patterns among PLWH in Sichuan province and found high drug-resistant transmission in the southern and northeastern regions, especially with the CRF85_BC subtype showing the highest clustering rate. Clinical and demographic factors influenced drug resistance clustering in the genetic transmission network.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jessica M. Fogel, Ethan A. Wilson, Estelle Piwowar-Manning, Autumn Breaud, William Clarke, Christos Petropoulos, Ayana Moore, Christophe Fraser, Barry Kosloff, Kwame Shanaube, Gert van Zyl, Michelle Scheepers, Sian Floyd, Peter Bock, Helen Ayles, Sarah Fidler, Richard Hayes, Deborah Donnell, Susan H. Eshleman
Summary: The study suggests that universal HIV testing and treatment (UTT) did not lead to an increase in drug resistance. The findings showed that non-seroconverters had higher rates of drug resistance and multi-class resistance compared to seroconverters.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Jinglan Lai, Yuming Liu, Xiao Han, Aiqiong Huang, Jin Lin, Wen Ao, Hanhui Ye, Yahong Chen
Summary: The study found a low rate of INSTIs TDRM among therapy-naive HIV patients in Southeast China, making INSTIs suitable as a first-line regimen. However, special attention must still be paid to INSTIs TDRM in clinical practice.
DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Alexander N. Shchemelev, Sanaba Boumbaly, Yulia Ostankova, Elena B. Zueva, Alexander Semenov, Areg A. Totolian
Summary: By studying the structure of drug resistance in newly diagnosed patients with HIV-1, it was found that some patients in the Republic of Guinea already had drug-resistant strains before receiving antiretroviral therapy. This suggests that the spread of drug-resistant HIV is not always directly related to selective drug pressure, but may be influenced by the availability of drugs.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Victor Moreno-Torres, Carmen de Mendoza, Sara de la Fuente, Enrique Sanchez, Maria Martinez-Urbistondo, Jesus Herraiz, Andrea Gutierrez, Angela Gutierrez, Carlos Hernandez, Alejandro Callejas, Carmen Mainez, Ana Royuela, Valentin Cuervas-Mons
Summary: Bacterial infections occurred in 8.5% of COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the first wave of the pandemic, with urinary tract infections, bacteremia, and pneumonia being the most common types. Older age, neurological disease, prior immunosuppression, and ICU admission were independent predictors of bacterial infections. Mortality was higher in patients with bacterial infections, but the severity of baseline COVID-19 rather than the presence of bacterial infections contributed more to mortality. The use of steroids or steroids plus tocilizumab might improve survival in this patient population.
INTERNAL AND EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jose-Manuel Ramos-Rincon, Maroune Menchi-Elanzi, Hector Pinargote-Celorio, Asuncion Mayoral, Gregorio Gonzalez-Alcaide, Carmen de Mendoza, Pablo Barreiro, Felix Gomez-Gallego, Octavio Corral, Vicente Soriano
Summary: The hospitalization rate for HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy has significantly decreased since 2008. In the later years, non-AIDS conditions, including liver disease, cardiovascular events, non-AIDS cancers, and kidney insufficiency, have become more common reasons for hospital admissions. The rate of in-hospital deaths among HIV-infected individuals has also declined, with AIDS-related conditions being the leading cause of death, followed by liver disease, cardiovascular events, non-AIDS cancers, and kidney insufficiency.
Article
Immunology
Vicente Soriano, Carmen de-Mendoza, Benson Edagwa, Ana Trevino, Pablo Barreiro, Jose Fernandez-Montero, Howard E. Gendelman
Summary: Vaccines and antivirals are critical in preventing, controlling, and treating viral diseases. For SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccines offer protection against severe COVID-19 symptoms and complications, but waning immunity and emergence of escape mutants pose ongoing threats. Oral antivirals that can be administered in outpatient settings and on a larger scale are essential. Emergency use authorizations have recently been granted for two oral antivirals, molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir, which have shown significant reductions in disease progression.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Vicente Soriano, Carmen Alvarez, Benson Edagwa, Carmen de Mendoza, Noemi Montoya, Ana Trevino, Howard Gendelman
Summary: Viral hepatitis is a significant global cause of mortality, with 1.4 million deaths each year. Hepatitis B and C account for 90% of these deaths, and the World Health Organization aims to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. While current antivirals can suppress viral replication, they cannot eliminate the virus from infected patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Jose-Ramon Blanco, Eva M. Verdugo-Sivianes, Ana Amiama, Sandra Munoz-Galvan
Summary: Circadian genes have an impact on hormonal, metabolic, and immunological pathways and are implicated in some infectious diseases. Understanding the mechanisms linking circadian rhythms and viral infections is important for personalized precision medicine.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio, Juan Pasquau, David Vinuesa, Sergio Ferra, Alberto Terron, Isabel SanJoaquin, Antoni Payeras, Onofre Juan Martinez, Miguel Angel Lopez-Ruz, Mohamed Omar, Javier de la Torre-Lima, Ana Lopez-Lirola, Jesus Palomares, Jose Ramon Blanco, Marta Montero, Coral Garcia-Vallecillos
Summary: Real-world data demonstrate that dolutegravir plus lamivudine in a multiple tablet regimen is effective, safe, and satisfactory for treatment-naive HIV-1 patients. It can control viral load and increase CD4 cell count. Additionally, this regimen can moderately increase weight and abdominal circumference in patients.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Vicente Soriano, Carmen de Mendoza, Ana Trevino, Jose Manuel Ramos-Rincon, Victor Moreno-Torres, Octavio Corral, Pablo Barreiro
Summary: Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a severe form of chronic viral hepatitis that can lead to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and/or transplantation. The recent approval of bulevirtide and the expected availability of lonafarnib have revolutionized HDV therapy. Combination antiviral therapy is envisioned as a potential cure for hepatitis delta. HIV-HDV patients should be prioritized for new and potentially curative treatments.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jose-Manuel Ramos-Rincon, Hector Pinargote-Celorio, Carmen de Mendoza, Clara Ramos-Belinchon, Pablo Barreiro, Ana Trevino, Octavio Corral, Vicente Soriano
Summary: Hospital admissions of individuals with HBV infection are increasing in Spain, and while hepatic decompensation events have declined, HBV-related liver cancer continues to rise. Oral antiviral therapies do not have any benefit on hepatitis delta.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Victor Moreno-Torres, Carmen de Mendoza, Maria Martinez-Urbistondo, Patricia Mills, Ana Trevino, Sara de la Fuente, Alberto Diaz de Santiago, Jorge Calderon-Parra, Ilduara Pintos-Pascual, Manuel Corpas, Vicente Soriano
Summary: HIV-infected patients hospitalized in Spain with COVID-19 during 2020 had lower mortality rate compared to HIV-negatives, likely due to younger age and lower rate of comorbidities. However, advanced liver disease was a major predictor of death in HIV-infected patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
QJM-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Vicente Soriano, Victor Moreno-Torres, Ana Trevino, Octavio Corral, Carmen de Mendoza
Summary: It has been ten years since the identification of NTCP as the cell surface receptor for HBV and HDV entry into hepatocytes. Bulevirtide (BLV) has been developed as a potential inhibitor of NTCP-HBV/HDV binding and has shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies. Combination therapies with BLV and other anti-HBV/HDV agents are expected to lead to a cure for hepatitis delta in the near future.
DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ines Suarez-Garcia, Belen Alejos, Victoria Hernando, Laura Vinuela, Mar Vera Garcia, David Rial-Crestelo, Maria Jesus Perez Elias, Helena Albendin Iglesias, Joaquim Peraire, Juan Tiraboschi, Asuncion Diaz, Santiago Moreno, Inma Jarrin
Summary: The study assessed the effectiveness and tolerability of DTG/3TC in treatment-naive and virologically suppressed treatment-experienced individuals. The results showed that 91.4% and 93.8% of treatment-naive individuals achieved viral suppression at 24 and 48 weeks, respectively, after starting DTG/3TC. Among treatment-experienced individuals, 97.4% and 95.5% maintained viral suppression at 24 and 48 weeks, respectively, after switching to DTG/3TC.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Vicente Soriano, Antonio Aguilera, Rafael Benito, Rocio Gonzalez-Diez, Elisenda Miro, Paloma Liendo, Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Diaz, Teresa Cabezas, Alberto Richart, Jose Manuel Ramos, Luisa Barea, Carmen Alvarez, Ana Trevino, Felix Gomez-Gallego, Octavio Corral, Carmen de Mendoza
Summary: In Spain, the proportion of adults vaccinated against hepatitis B is still low, with approximately 60% of adults at risk for hepatitis B. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct HBV serological testing and administer HBV vaccines or boosters to all adults.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Ana Amiama-Roig, Laura Perez-Martinez, Pilar Rodriguez Ledo, Eva M. Verdugo-Sivianes, Jose-Ramon Blanco
Summary: The relationship between viral infections and the risk of developing cancer is well known and the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has raised concerns about potential long-term complications, including cancer. While several studies suggest a possible link, the exact causes of this risk are not yet fully understood. In this review, we examined arguments that could support or refute the possibility of COVID-19 leading to an increased risk of cancer.
Article
Virology
Carmen de Mendoza, Ariadna Rando, Elisenda Miro, Maria Jose Pena, Iciar Rodriguez-Avial, Diego Ortega, Alejandro Gonzalez-Praetorius, Gabriel Reina, Ilduara Pintos, Maria Jose Pozuelo, Vicente Soriano
Summary: The rate of ATLL is very low in Spain and mostly associated with migrants from HTLV-1 endemic regions. ATLL patients have a poor clinical outcome, with most of them dying within one year. In Spain, HTLV-1 testing should be performed on migrants from HTLV-1 endemic countries and natives who have lived in or had sex partners from such regions.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Manuel Corpas, Carmen de Mendoza, Victor Moreno-Torres, Ilduara Pintos, Pedro Seoane, James R. Perkins, Juan A. G. Ranea, Segun Fatumo, Tamas Korcsmaros, Jose Manuel Martin-Villa, Pablo Barreiro, Octavio Corral, Vicente Soriano
Summary: Characterization of host genetic factors contributing to COVID-19 severity reveals a possible role of T cell response dysfunction, as indicated by the identification of variants in the T cell receptor beta locus associated with severe COVID-19.
