Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ha T. Nguyen, Anton Chesnokov, Juan De La Cruz, Philippe Noriel Q. Pascua, Vasiliy P. Mishin, Yunho Jang, Joyce Jones, Han Di, Andrei A. Ivashchenko, Mary Lea Killian, Mia K. Torchetti, Kristina Lantz, David E. Wentworth, Charles T. Davis, Alexandre V. Ivachtchenko, Larisa V. Gubareva
Summary: The susceptibility of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses to influenza antivirals was evaluated. Among 1,015 sequences collected in the United States in 2022, about 0.8% showed molecular markers of drug resistance. In addition, mutations that may reduce susceptibility to antiviral inhibitors were found in 31 viruses. Close monitoring of drug susceptibility is needed to assess public health risks and inform antiviral stockpiling decisions.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Brad Gilbertson, Kanta Subbarao
Summary: There is a widespread and unprecedented spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 viruses in bird species on five continents, with infections also reported in mammals, most likely caused by consuming infected birds. The increase in H5N1 virus infections in different species could lead to the emergence of new viral variants that may adapt to mammals and potentially humans. It is crucial to monitor and assess the presence of mutations in mammalian-origin H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses that could increase their risk for human pandemics. Although there have been a limited number of human cases so far, the infection of mammals provides opportunities for the virus to acquire mutations that enhance infection, replication, and spread in mammals, which were not observed in the past viruses.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Carolin Lieber, Megha Aggarwal, Jeong-Joong K. Yoon, Robert A. Cox, Hae-Ji M. Kang, Julien A. Sourimant, Mart T. Toots, Scott M. Johnson, Cheryl Jones, Zachary R. Sticher, Alexander G. Kolykhalov, Manohar Saindane, Stephen K. Tompkins, Oliver Planz, George Painter, Michael Natchus, Kaori Sakamoto, Richard Plemper
Summary: The nucleoside analog 4'-fluorouridine has been shown to effectively inhibit a broad spectrum of influenza viruses in various cell culture and animal models. It acts as a chain terminator of the influenza virus polymerase and has the potential to be a therapeutic option for vulnerable patient groups and pandemic influenza.
Review
Oncology
William J. Liu, Haixia Xiao, Lianpan Dai, Di Liu, Jianjun Chen, Xiaopeng Qi, Yuhai Bi, Yi Shi, George F. Gao, Yingxia Liu
Summary: Avian influenza A (H7N9) virus, closely associated with live poultry markets, has caused infections in humans in China since 2013. Five waves of the epidemic occurred between 2013 and 2017, with the emergence of highly pathogenic strains causing concern. Rapid response and control by specialists and officials utilized new technologies and surveillance tools. Characteristics of the virus were reviewed from multiple perspectives to provide tools for reducing future threats from H7N9 and other viruses.
FRONTIERS OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Olivier Duriez, Yohan Sassi, Chloe Le Gall-Ladeveze, Lea Giraud, Robert Straughan, Lise Dauverne, Anna Terras, Thierry Boulinier, Remi Choquet, Anne van de Wiele, Julien Hirschinger, Jean-Luc Guerin, Guillaume Le Loc'h
Summary: A study found that terrestrial birds infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus exhibit immobility behavior during the breeding season, which may reduce the risk of virus transmission. However, these infections pose a threat to endangered vulture species, raising concerns about their resistance to the virus.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Knut Madslien, Torfinn Moldal, Britt Gjerset, Sveinn Gudmundsson, Arne Follestad, Elliot Whittard, Ole-Herman Tronerud, Katharine Rose Dean, Johan Akerstedt, Hannah J. Jorgensen, Carlos G. das Neves, Grim Romo
Summary: During autumn 2020, Norway detected highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N8 in wild birds for the first time, posing a new threat to the Norwegian poultry industry. The main hypothesis for the introduction of the virus is the northward migration of infected geese or gulls from Denmark or the Netherlands. This serves as a reminder that wild birds carrying HPAI with greater zoonotic potential may pose a threat in the future.
BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2021)
Letter
Immunology
Xiang Li, Xinru Lv, Yi Li, Peng Peng, Ruifang Zhou, Siyuan Qin, Enda Ma, Wendiang Liu, Tian Fu, Peiran Ma, Qing An, Yiran Li, Yuping Hua, Yulong Wang, Chengliang Lei, Dong Chu, Heting Sun, Yanbing Li, Yuwei Gao, Hongliang Chai
Summary: In October 2020, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) viruses were detected in 2 dead swans in Inner Mongolia, China. Genetic analysis showed that the H5N8 isolates belong to Glade 2.3.4.4b and cluster with the H5N8 viruses isolated in Eurasia in the fall of 2020.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Biljana Djurdjevic, Vladimir Polacek, Marko Pajic, Tamas Petrovic, Ivana Vucicevic, Dejan Vidanovic, Sanja Aleksic-Kovacevic
Summary: A novel highly pathogenic H5N8 avian influenza virus was transmitted through migratory birds in Europe in 2016 and 2017. It first appeared in wild birds in Serbia and then spread to backyard poultry. In 2021/2022, new cases of avian influenza with the H5N1 subtype were reported. This study aims to describe the outbreaks in backyard chickens and identify the virus, confirming severe systemic disease with neurological symptoms.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Victor Gamarra-Toledo, Pablo I. Plaza, Fernando Angulo, Roberto Gutierrez, Oscar Garcia-Tello, Patricia Saravia-Guevara, Fernando Mejia-Vargas, Mirbel Epiquien-Rivera, Gonzalo Quiroz-Jimenez, Paola Martinez, Deyvis Huaman-Mendoza, Giancarlo Inga-Diaz, Luis E. La Madrid, Paola Luyo, Sandra Ventura, Sergio A. Lambertucci
Summary: The recent outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Peru has caused significant mortality among wild bird populations, including threatened species. The rapid spread of the virus has raised concerns over the conservation of bird species in South America and Antarctica.
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mariana Leguia, Alejandra Garcia-Glaessner, Breno Munoz-Saavedra, Diana Juarez, Patricia Barrera, Carlos Calvo-Mac, Javier Jara, Walter Silva, Karl Ploog, Lady Amaro, Paulo Colchao-Claux, Christine K. Johnson, Marcela M. Uhart, Martha I. Nelson, Jesus Lescano
Summary: Highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 viruses have invaded the Americas and pose a threat to wildlife, poultry, and humans. The HPAI/H5N1 viruses in Peru have genetic reassortment between Eurasian and American lineages, emphasizing the need for surveillance and control measures.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Fatou T. Lo, Bianca Zecchin, Alpha A. Diallo, Racky O. Ba, Luca Tassoni, Aida Diop, Moussa Diouf, Mayekor Diouf, Yacine N. Samb, Ambra Pastori, Federica Gobbo, Francesca Ellero, Mariame Diop, Modou M. Lo, Mame N. Diouf, Mathioro Fall, Amadou A. Ndiaye, Adji M. Gaye, Medoune Badiane, Mbargou Lo, Babacor N. Youm, Ibrahima Ndao, Marius Niaga, Calogero Terregino, Boly Diop, Youssou Ndiaye, Angelique Angot, Ismaila Seck, Mamadou Niang, Baba Soumare, Alice Fusaro, Isabella Monne
Summary: In January 2021, the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A(H5N1) was reported in Senegal, detected on a poultry farm and in great white pelicans in the Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary. This provides evidence of new transcontinental spread of H5N1 from Europe to Africa.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jeremy C. Jones, Hui-Ling Yen, Peter Adams, Kimberly Armstrong, Elena A. Govorkova
Summary: Effective antivirals play a crucial role in the early phase of an influenza pandemic, before vaccines are available. Currently, two classes of antiviral drugs are approved for influenza treatment, but resistance has been observed. Therefore, it is important to develop novel antiviral options that target both the virus and the host. This review explores the drawbacks of current antivirals and ongoing research on new agents or combination therapies to address these limitations.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Mabusetsa R. J. Makalo, William G. Dundon, Tirumala B. K. Settypalli, Sneha Datta, Charles E. Lamien, Giovanni Cattoli, Moeketsi S. Phalatsi, Relebohile J. Lepheana, Mpaliseng Matlali, Relebohile G. Mahloane, Marosi Molomo, Palesa C. Mphaka
Summary: In May 2021, Lesotho reported its first outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) caused by H5N1 subtype. The virus showed high genetic similarity with A/H5N1 viruses identified in Nigeria and Senegal. This discovery has significant implications for disease management and food security in the region.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Hongbo Zhang, Yanfeng Yao, Yan Li, Jianjun Chen, Ze Chen
Summary: This study isolated multiple H5N1 strains from water samples in Dongting Lake and lakeside backyard poultry, and genetic analysis revealed a diversified genome constellation. The genetic characteristics of some viruses from water samples were similar to those from lakeside poultry. Pathogenic experiments showed that selected isolates were highly pathogenic in SPF chickens but had varied virulence in mice.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yu Ye, Huiying Fan, Qi Li, Zhen Zhang, Peisi Miao, Jun Zhu, Jie Liu, Jie Zhang, Ming Liao
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the proteome response in Muscovy duck lung tissue during H5N1 avian influenza virus infection. The findings suggest that the infection mechanism and disease progression of H5N1 viruses may be related to specific pathways and protein expressions. The study reveals differences in host immune response between different strains of the H5N1 virus and indicates the involvement of the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in the host response to H5N1 viruses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
