Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 70, Issue -, Pages 257-271Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.69.031905.161003
Keywords
calcium homeostasis; intestinal absorption; hypercalciuria; TRPV5; TRPV6
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Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [CA101075] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE [R01CA101075] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Ca2+ is essential for numerous physiological functions in our bodies. Therefore, its homeostasis is finely maintained through the coordination of intestinal absorption, renal reabsorption, and bone resorption. The Ca2+-selective epithelial channels TRPV5 and TRPV6 have been identified, and their physiological roles have been revealed: TRPV5 is important in final renal Ca2+ reabsorption, and TRPV6 has a key role in intestinal Ca2+ absorption. The TRPV5 knockout mice exhibit renal leak hypercalciuria and accordingly up-regulate their intestinal TRPV6 expression to compensate for their negative Ca2+ balance. In contrast, despite their severe negative Ca2+ balance, TRPV6-null mice do not display any compensatory mechanism, thus resulting in secondary hyperparathyroidism. These results indicate that the genes for TRPV5 and TRPV6 are differentially regulated in human diseases associated with disturbed Ca2+ balance such as hypercalciuria, osteoporosis, and vitamin D-resistant rickets.
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