Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Trevor S. Barss, Behdad Parhizi, Jane Porter, Vivian K. Mushahwar
Summary: Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation has the potential to improve sensorimotor rehabilitation by modulating spinal cord circuitry non-invasively. It can alter excitability across multiple segments of the spinal cord with single-site stimulation, and multiple sites of stimulation can converge to facilitate spinal reflex and corticospinal networks. Further mechanistic research is needed to optimize targeted rehabilitation strategies and improve clinical outcomes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Aiko K. Thompson, Jonathan R. Wolpaw
Summary: Conditioning reflex function during a specific phase of a dynamic movement provides a promising new opportunity to enhance and/or accelerate recovery after spinal cord injury or in other disorders. The novel swing-phase conditioning protocol in individuals with hyperreflexia due to chronic incomplete SCI showed faster and farther reflex decrease compared to traditional steady-state protocols, leading to improved locomotion and sustained effects even after conditioning ended.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Md. Anamul Islam, Timothy S. Pulverenti, Maria Knikou
Summary: Transspinal stimulation reduced EMG activity during stepping in both able-bodied individuals and those with SCI, with altered limb coordination seen only in SCI subjects. The modulation of EMG patterns by transspinal stimulation was temporary in able-bodied subjects, while the conditioned soleus H-reflex was depressed throughout the step cycle in both subject groups. This suggests a potential application for normalization of spinal reflex excitability after SCI.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
D. Leonardo Garcia-Ramirez, Ngoc T. Ha, Steve Bibu, Nicholas J. Stachowski, Kimberly J. Dougherty
Summary: The impact of spinal cord injury on Shox2 interneurons mainly manifests as changes in sensory afferent input pathways and modulation of Shox2 interneurons by 5-HT, enhancing excitatory responses.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
J. Sanchez-Ventura, C. Canal, J. Hidalgo, C. Penas, X. Navarro, A. Torres-Espin, K. Fouad, E. Udina
Summary: This study aims to elucidate the role of spinal PNNs on motor function and plasticity. Lack of Crtl1 can lead to disorganized PNNs, altering excitatory synapses and affecting the physiological properties of motoneurons, resulting in motor impairments.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Takahiro Kondo, Risa Saito, Yuta Sato, Kenta Sato, Akito Uchida, Kimika Yoshino-Saito, Munehisa Shinozaki, Syoichi Tashiro, Narihito Nagoshi, Masaya Nakamura, Junichi Ushiba, Hideyuki Okano
Summary: This study developed a rehabilitation model of severe traumatic spinal cord injury in nonhuman primates and found that locomotor recovery can be promoted through rehabilitation training, restoring the connection between supraspinal input and the lumbosacral network.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Behdad Parhizi, Trevor S. Barss, Vivian K. Mushahwar
Summary: This study investigated the effects of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) on spinal reflex and corticospinal excitability during cervico-lumbar coupling tasks. The results suggest that tSCS can enhance both spinal reflex and corticospinal pathways.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Timothy D. Faw, Bimal Lakhani, Petra Schmalbrock, Michael V. Knopp, Keith R. Lohse, John L. K. Kramer, Hanwen Liu, Huyen T. Nguyen, Eileen G. Phillips, Anna Bratasz, Lesley C. Fisher, Rochelle J. Deibert, Lara A. Boyd, Dana M. McTigue, D. Michele Basso
Summary: Experience-dependent white matter plasticity offers new potential for rehabilitation-induced recovery after neurotrauma. Downhill training increases myelin water fraction in brain motor learning regions and mixed motor and sensory tracts of the ventral cervical spinal cord in humans, and induces oligodendrogenesis and improves sensorimotor recovery in mice with thoracic SCI.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Timothy S. Pulverenti, Morad Zaaya, Monika Grabowski, Ewelina Grabowski, Md Anamul Islam, Jeffrey Li, Lynda M. Murray, Maria Knikou
Summary: This study investigated the neurophysiological changes in spinal cord injury patients undergoing locomotor training with combined transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcutaneous thoracolumbar spinal (transspinal) stimulation. The results showed that TMS-transspinal stimulation promotes functional reorganization of spinal networks during stepping, while transspinal-TMS stimulation induces less pronounced effects. Both stimulation protocols resulted in beneficial changes in motor activity and motoneuron depolarization during assisted stepping.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Olaia Baylo-Marin, Africa Flores, Guillermo Garcia-Alias
Summary: Voluntary sensorimotor rehabilitation can decrease task error variability and drive the recovery of movement gestures, but the achieved plasticity is insufficient for full functional recovery. Additional interventional therapies are necessary to promote repair.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Nicolas Guerout
Summary: Complete spinal cord injury leads to permanent deficits, but recent research has shown that the spinal cord has inherent plasticity and recovery potential. Different experimental paradigms have demonstrated that axonal regrowth is possible even after complete SCI, and recent findings have revealed that the glial scar is composed of multiple cellular populations, each playing specific roles after SCI.
Article
Cell Biology
Ya Zheng, Dan Zhao, Dong-Dong Xue, Ye-Ran Mao, Ling-Yun Cao, Ye Zhang, Guang-Yue Zhu, Qi Yang, Dong-Sheng Xu
Summary: This study found that nerve root magnetic stimulation can improve locomotor function, enhance nerve conduction in the injured spinal cord, and promote the recovery of synaptic ultrastructure in the sensorimotor cortex.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Katherine Locke, Margo Randelman, Daniel Hoh, Lyandysha Zholudeva, Michael Lane
Summary: This review focuses on the study of respiratory plasticity in animal models, aiming to shed light on preclinical work that can influence future clinical investigations and treatments for spinal cord injury. Despite extensive research in animal models, relatively few treatments have made it through to clinical application.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
N. Jeremy Hill, Disha Gupta, Amir Eftekhar, Jodi A. Brangaccio, James J. S. Norton, Michelle McLeod, Tim Fake, Jonathan R. Wolpaw, Aiko K. Thompson
Summary: The Evoked Potential Operant Conditioning System (EPOCS) is a software tool that allows for operant conditioning of muscle responses in people with neuromuscular disorders, improving sensorimotor function. This article demonstrates how to use EPOCS to decrease the size of the Hoffmann reflex in the soleus muscle and improve walking in people with spastic gait due to incomplete spinal cord injury. It also provides instructions on setting up the equipment, electrode placement, and data analysis.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Giuliano Taccola, Ronaldo M. Ichiyama, V. Reggie Edgerton, Parag Gad
Summary: This review discusses the physiological states of spinal networks, highlighting the stochastic modulation by changing ensembles of proprioceptive and supraspinal input. Spinal epidural interfaces offer a platform for studying spinal network dynamics post-injury. Low-frequency epidural pulses can evoke motor responses with oscillatory patterns. The neural variability among spinal networks is seen as a fundamental mechanism of network design rather than noise interfering with movement control.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lynn M. McCane, Susan M. Heckman, Dennis J. McFarland, George Townsend, Joseph N. Mak, Eric W. Sellers, Debra Zeitlin, Laura M. Tenteromano, Jonathan R. Wolpaw, Theresa M. Vaughan
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Dennis J. McFarland, William A. Sarnacki, Jonathan R. Wolpaw
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING
(2015)
Article
Neurosciences
Chadwick B. Boulay, Xiang Yang Chen, Jonathan R. Wolpaw
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Brandon K. LaPallo, Jonathan R. Wolpaw, Xiang Yang Chen, Jonathan S. Carp
NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS
(2016)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Dennis J. McFarland, Muhammad A. Parvaz, William A. Sarnacki, Rita Z. Goldstein, Jonathan R. Wolpaw
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING
(2017)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiang Yang Chen, Yu Wang, Yi Chen, Lu Chen, Jonathan R. Wolpaw
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiang Yang Chen, Yu Wang, Yi Chen, Lu Chen, Jonathan R. Wolpaw
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2016)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Jonathan R. Wolpaw, Aiko K. Thompson
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2017)
Editorial Material
Engineering, Biomedical
Jane E. Huggins, Jonathan R. Wolpaw
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING
(2014)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
N. Jeremy Hill, Erin Ricci, Sameah Haider, Lynn M. McCane, Susan Heckman, Jonathan R. Wolpaw, Theresa M. Vaughan
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING
(2014)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Aiko K. Thompson, Jonathan R. Wolpaw
Editorial Material
Biology
Jonathan R. Wolpaw, Jonathan S. Carp
Summary: The evidence suggesting that neurohormones play a role in the contralateral effects of unilateral brain injury challenges a fundamental assumption of basic neuroscience and clinical neurology.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Michael L. McKinnon, N. Jeremy Hill, Jonathan S. Carp, Blair Dellenbach, Aiko K. Thompson
Summary: A novel wavelet-based algorithm was developed to automatically determine the temporal parameters of the H-reflex in the human soleus muscle. The automatic results showed good agreement with manual estimates and provided valuable references for research and therapeutic applications. This algorithm is of great importance for surface electromyography measurements of the H-reflex in neuroscientific and clinical fields.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Brandon K. LaPallo, Jonathan R. Wolpaw, Xiang Yang Chen, Jonathan S. Carp
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2014)