Article
Neurosciences
Milad Afrasiabi, Akshay Gupta, Huaying Xu, Bogumila Swietek, Vijayalakshmi Santhakumar
Summary: This study reveals that fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons (PV-INs) contribute minimally to basal synaptic inhibition but selectively mediate sustained feedback inhibition in a subtype of dentate projection neurons called semilunar granule cells (SGCs). The blunting of activity-driven sustained inhibitory gating in SGCs may play a crucial role in their preferential and persistent recruitment during behavioral tasks.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Macarena S. Aloi, Samantha J. Thompson, Nicholas Quartapella, Jeffrey L. Noebels
Summary: Mutations in Kv1.1 voltage-gated potassium channels lead to network hyperexcitability, aberrant postnatal neurogenesis, and hippocampal hypertrophy. This study suggests that Sxc-mediated glutamate homeostasis plays a crucial role in connecting aberrant postnatal neurogenesis and neuroimmune crosstalk, and that neurogenesis and epileptogenesis in the dentate gyrus are not mutually contingent events.
Article
Cell Biology
Shreyas M. Suryanarayana, Juan Perez-Fernandez, Brita Robertson, Sten Grillner
Summary: In lampreys, two separate afferent channels from olfactory glomeruli to different targets in the brain have been identified. Mitral-like cells project directly to the piriform cortex, while smaller tufted-like cells project exclusively to the dorsomedial telencephalic nucleus. The tufted-like cells exhibit short-latency activation and terminate with mossy fibers on dmtn cells, eliciting large unitary EPSPs without concurrent inhibition.
Article
Cell Biology
Veronica Egger, Thomas Kuner
Summary: Recent research has shed light on the mechanisms of GABA release from the reciprocal spine of granule cells, demonstrating the necessity of a local spine action potential and the cooperative action of NMDA receptors and high voltage-activated Ca2+ channels. This supports the notion that lateral inhibition is dependent on the activity of principal neurons connected to granule cells and is closely related to recurrent inhibition, providing directed, dynamically switched lateral inhibition in a sensory system with 1000 input channels organized in glomerular columns. The mechanistic underpinnings of this hypothesis are supported by findings from odor discrimination behavior in mice with synaptic proteins deleted in granule cells, explaining the unique microcircuit of granule cell reciprocal spines as a means of olfactory combinatorial coding.
CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ji Hee Ha, Muralidharan Jayaraman, Revathy Nadhan, Srishti Kashyap, Priyabrata Mukherjee, Ciro Isidoro, Yong Sang Song, Danny N. Dhanasekaran
Summary: Through metabolomics analysis, we identified five distinct metabolic groups in HGSOC cells, with most cancer cells showing an increase in metabolites associated with aerobic glycolysis and phospholipid metabolism. Additionally, subsets of HGSOC cells exhibited elevated levels of 5-Hydroxytryptamine, gamma-aminobutyrate, or glutamate. These findings suggest these metabolites could serve as oncometabolites and potential therapeutic targets in ovarian cancer.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Dana Marafi, Jawid M. Fatih, Rauan Kaiyrzhanov, Matteo P. Ferla, Charul Gijavanekar, Aljazi Al-Maraghi, Ning Liu, Emily Sites, Hessa S. Alsaif, Mohammad Al-Owain, Mohamed Zakkariah, Ehab El-Anany, Ulviyya Guliyeva, Sughra Guliyeva, Colette Gaba, Ateeq Haseeb, Amal M. Alhashem, Enam Danish, Vasiliki Karageorgou, Christian Beetz, Alaa A. Subhi, Sureni Mullegama, Erin Torti, Monisha Sebastin, Margo Sheck Breilyn, Susan Duberstein, Mohamed S. Abdel-Hamid, Tadahiro Mitani, Haowei Du, Jill A. Rosenfeld, Shalini N. Jhangiani, Zeynep Coban Akdemir, Richard A. Gibbs, Jenny C. Taylor, Khalid A. Fakhro, Jill Hunter, Davut Pehlivan, Maha S. Zaki, Joseph G. Gleeson, Reza Maroofian, Henry Houlden, Jennifer E. Posey, V. Reid Sutton, Fowzan S. Alkuraya, Sarah H. Elsea, James R. Lupski
Summary: SLC38A3 is a novel disease gene for developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, and the likely pathophysiology of the disease is perturbations in glutamine homeostasis.
Article
Neurosciences
Dillon J. McGovern, Abigail M. Polter, David H. Root
Summary: Glutamate and GABA are the main excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters of the nervous system, with distinct inputs to VTA glutamate neurons participating in reward and aversion-based behaviors. Through the use of genetically-encoded fluorescent indicators, the study identified differential and dynamic signaling of glutamate and GABA inputs to VTA glutamate neurons in response to reward and aversion cues and outcomes, shedding light on the neurochemical mechanisms underlying motivated behaviors. The research provides foundational evidence linking specific neurotransmitters to the regulation of motivated behaviors by VTA glutamate neurons.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Mingxian Li, Zhenqi Liu, Ke Lai, Hanwei Liu, Lina Gong, Haosong Shi, Weitian Zhang, Hui Wang, Haibo Shi
Summary: NH4+ can induce olfactory damage by increasing the excitability of mitral cells, potentially due to elevated levels of ammonia/ammonium in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The mechanism involves enhanced activity and trafficking of glutamate receptors and reduction of potassium currents.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Sina Hafizi, Tarek K. Rajji
Summary: This review proposes a conceptual model that links 12 potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia with Excitation-Inhibition (E -I) imbalance. The model aims to address the current knowledge gap and provides a framework for future studies in dementia prevention, discovery of new biomarkers, and development of new interventions.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Archana Proddutur, Susan Nguyen, Chia-Wei Yeh, Akshay Gupta, Vijayalakshmi Santhakumar
Summary: Axo-axonic cells (AACs) in the dentate area play a crucial role in regulating network output and synchrony. In epilepsy, these cells undergo structural alterations, resulting in changes in their firing properties and reduced ability to respond to network activity. These early post-epileptic changes in AAC physiology can compromise their function in controlling network activity in the dentate area.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
B. Spurny-Dworak, M. B. Reed, P. Handschuh, T. Vanicek, M. Spies, W. Bogner, R. Lanzenberger
Summary: Seasonal changes in neurotransmitter systems were explored in 159 healthy individuals, and the results indicated that glutamate and GABA levels remain stable throughout the year in healthy individuals, without the need for seasonal correction.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Luke Ziolkowski, Isaac Mordukhovich, Daniel M. Chen, Mariangela Chisari, Hong-Jin Shu, Peter M. Lambert, Mingxing Qian, Charles F. Zorumski, Douglas F. Covey, Steven Mennerick
Summary: Neuroactive steroids are emerging as a new class of drugs for treating neuropsychiatric disorders, with effects on ligand-gated neurotransmitter receptors being a major mechanism of action. MQ-221, a sulfated, 3 beta-hydroxy neurosteroid analogue, inhibits NMDAR function while potentiating GABA(A)R function, showing potentially unique and clinically desirable effects. It may represent a new class of compound with unique psychoactive effects and beneficial prospects for treating neuropsychiatric disorders.
Article
Biology
Chong Guo, Stephanie Rudolph, Morgan E. Neuwirth, Wade G. Regehr
Summary: In the cerebellar cortex, Purkinje cells selectively inhibit unipolar brush cells expressing mGluR1, thus regulating balance and eye movement. GABA receptor-mediated inhibition on unipolar brush cells can influence the input-output transformations of the cerebellar cortex in diverse ways.
Article
Neurosciences
Jan Weiss, Frank Zufall
Summary: This study demonstrates that GABA(B) receptors are expressed in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) and primarily located at vomeronasal nerve (VN) terminals. Activation of these receptors can modulate calcium influx and glutamate release of vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs), resulting in the regulation of synaptic transmission in the accessory olfactory system.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Beatriz Sousa, Joao Martins, Miguel Castelo-Branco, Joana Goncalves
Summary: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proposed as a promising therapy for neurodevelopmental disorders by modulating excitatory and/or inhibitory activity to restore the balance disrupted in these disorders. Clinical studies show positive effects of tDCS treatment on behavior and cognition, but further research and optimization of treatment protocols are needed.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Bruk Getachew, Tamaro Hudson, Thomas Heinbockel, Antonei B. Csoka, Yousef Tizabi
NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH
(2018)
Article
Cell Biology
Man Si, Krystle Trosclair, Kathryn A. Hamilton, Edward Glasscock
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Ze-Jun Wang, Sherry Shu-Jung Hu, Heather B. Bradshaw, Liqin Sun, Ken Mackie, Alex Straiker, Thomas Heinbockel
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2019)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sachiko Koyama, Thomas Heinbockel
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2020)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Naina Bhatia-Dey, Thomas Heinbockel
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Valentina Parma, Kathrin Ohla, Maria G. Veldhuizen, Masha Y. Niv, Christine E. Kelly, Alyssa J. Bakke, Keiland W. Cooper, Cedric Bouysset, Nicola Pirastu, Michele Dibattista, Rishemjit Kaur, Marco Tullio Liuzza, Marta Y. Pepino, Veronika Schoepf, Veronica Pereda-Loth, Shannon B. Olsson, Richard C. Gerkin, Paloma Rohlfs Dominguez, Javier Albayay, Michael C. Farruggia, Surabhi Bhutani, Alexander W. Fjaeldstad, Ritesh Kumar, Anna Menini, Moustafa Bensafi, Mari Sandell, Iordanis Konstantinidis, Antonella Di Pizio, Federica Genovese, Lina Ozturk, Thierry Thomas-Danguin, Johannes Frasnelli, Sanne Boesveldt, Ozlem Saatci, Luis R. Saraiva, Cailu Lin, Jerome Golebiowski, Liang-Dar Hwang, Mehmet Hakan Ozdener, Maria Dolors Guardia, Christophe Laudamiel, Marina Ritchie, Jan Havlicek, Denis Pierron, Eugeni Roura, Marta Navarro, Alissa A. Nolden, Juyun Lim, Katherine L. Whitcroft, Lauren R. Colquitt, Camille Ferdenzi, Evelyn Brindha, Aytug Altundag, Alberto Macchi, Alexia Nunez-Parra, Zara M. Patel, Sebastien Fiorucci, Carl M. Philpott, Barry C. Smith, Johan N. Lundstrom, Carla Mucignat, Jane K. Parker, Mirjam van den Brink, Michael Schmuker, Florian Ph S. Fischmeister, Thomas Heinbockel, Vonnie D. C. Shields, Farhoud Faraji, Enrique Santamaria, William E. A. Fredborg, Gabriella Morini, Jonas K. Olofsson, Maryam Jalessi, Noam Karni, Anna D'Errico, Rafieh Alizadeh, Robert Pellegrino, Pablo Meyer, Caroline Huart, Ben Chen, Graciela M. Soler, Mohammed K. Alwashahi, Antje Welge-Lussen, Jessica Freiherr, Jasper H. B. de Groot, Hadar Klein, Masako Okamoto, Preet Bano Singh, Julien W. Hsieh, Danielle R. Reed, Thomas Hummel, Steven D. Munger, John E. Hayes
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Megan Watts, Gopi K. Kolluru, Parinita Dherange, Sibile Pardue, Man Si, Xinggui Shen, Krystle Trosclair, John Glawe, Zaki Al-Yafeai, Mazen Iqbal, Brenna H. Pearson, Kathryn A. Hamilton, A. Wayne Orr, Edward Glasscock, Christopher G. Kevil, Paari Dominic
Summary: Oxidative stress is a driving factor in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF), with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) playing an important role in regulating electrical remodeling and susceptibility to AF. Patients with AF had significantly lower plasma sulfide levels, and those with persistent AF had even lower levels compared to paroxysmal AF patients. Additionally, CSE knockout mice showed decreased atrial sulfide levels, increased atrial superoxide levels, and enhanced propensity for induced persistent AF compared to wild type mice.
Article
Neurosciences
Thomas Heinbockel, Naina Bhatia-Dey, Vonnie D. C. Shields
Summary: This article primarily discusses the interaction between the olfactory system and the endocannabinoid signaling system, the role of endocannabinoids in the nervous system, and their importance for synaptic plasticity.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sachiko Koyama, Kenji Kondo, Rumi Ueha, Hideki Kashiwadani, Thomas Heinbockel
Summary: The year 2020 was marked by the outbreak of the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, leading to a global pandemic that extended into 2021. COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has a unique symptom of loss of smell and taste. Various plant chemical compounds with anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects can be used in developing new taste training methods to aid in recovery.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Hemangini A. Dhaibar, Kathryn A. Hamilton, Edward Glasscock
Summary: The study utilized immunohistochemistry to map the expression of Kv1.1 protein in cardiorespiratory brain regions, revealing extensive gliosis in Kcna1-/- mice which could indicate seizure-related brain injury contributing to respiratory abnormalities.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Thomas Heinbockel, Alex Straiker
Summary: Cannabinoids, including THC and CBD, are a new group of neuromodulators that act similarly to endocannabinoids produced by the body. While the function of the endocannabinoid system is well understood in limbic structures, such as the hippocampus and amygdala, its role in the olfactory and visual systems is less clear.
FRONTIERS IN NEURAL CIRCUITS
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Naina Bhatia-Dey, Thomas Heinbockel
Summary: Research has shown a strong correlation between olfactory dysfunction and neurodegeneration, with olfactory bulb neuronal processing serving as a marker of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. The removal of the olfactory bulb results in pathology of the frontal cortex, highlighting the significance of olfactory processing in relation to neurodegenerative disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Naina Bhatia-Dey, Antonei B. Csoka, Thomas Heinbockel
Summary: Throughout the global COVID-19 pandemic, the association of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction with viral infection has drawn much attention. The loss of our sense of smell and taste has become a reliable indicator of COVID-19 infection. Olfactory and gustatory disturbances persist in the post-infection phase, especially in cases with long-term effects. Additionally, age-related decline in these sensory modalities has been observed in the study of neurodegenerative conditions. Genetic factors, evolutionary forces, and epigenetic alterations play a complex role in regulating gustation and olfaction.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rasha A. Alhazzaa, Raechel E. McKinley, Bruk Getachew, Yousef Tizabi, Thomas Heinbockel, Antonei B. Csoka
Summary: Epigenetic changes in pancreatic beta cells caused by sustained high blood glucose levels in prediabetic conditions may contribute to the etiology of diabetes. Using human pancreatic beta cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, researchers found that high glucose directly caused significant differences in DNA methylation in gene promoters involved in pathways related to development, growth, proliferation, glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, and cell cycle regulation. This study validates the mechanism that high glucose levels can directly cause epigenetic changes in pancreatic beta cells, potentially contributing to the development of diabetes.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Krystle Trosclair, Man Si, Megan Watts, Nicole M. Gautier, Niels Voigt, James Traylor, Miklos Bitay, Istvan Baczko, Dobromir Dobrev, Kathryn A. Hamilton, Md. Shenuarin Bhuiyan, Paari Dominic, Edward Glasscock
Summary: The absence of Kv1.1 in ventricles causes repolarization and contractility deficits, but reduces susceptibility to arrhythmia under conditions of sympathetic drive.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2021)