Review
Cell Biology
Stavros Garantziotis, Rashmin C. Savani
Summary: The extracellular matrix (ECM) is not only a structure but also plays key roles in cellular responses. Proteoglycans (PGs), a component of ECM, have been found to be crucial in both health maintenance and disease development by activating the innate immune system and influencing cell fate.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Ryma Haroun, Sahar Naasri, Ayman J. Oweida
Summary: TLRs are essential for immune responses and can mediate inflammation by recognizing molecular patterns in pathogens and damaged cells. TLR ligands have gained attention in cancer research, especially in combination with cancer treatments like immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (RT). However, the role of TLRs in cancer, particularly in response to radiation, is still poorly understood. This review examines how TLR signaling affects tumor response to RT and proposes a framework for TLR-based therapies with RT.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antonios Lazaridis, Eleni Gavriilaki, Stella Douma, Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
Summary: Essential hypertension is a highly heterogeneous disease with a complex etiology, where subclinical inflammation and abnormal activation of TLR signaling play crucial roles in its pathogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katarzyna Kurianowicz, Maria Klatka, Agnieszka Polak, Anna Hymos, Dominika Bebnowska, Martyna Podgajna, Rafal Hrynkiewicz, Olga Sierawska, Paulina Niedzwiedzka-Rystwej
Summary: This study found significant differences in the expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 in early stage and chronically treated DM1 patients compared to healthy controls. Additionally, differences were observed in the numbers of CD19+ B cells, CD3+ CD4+, CD3+ CD8+ T cells and NK cells among newly diagnosed DM1 individuals, chronic patients, and healthy controls. Higher levels of IL-10 were also found in newly diagnosed DM1 patients, consistent with existing literature reports.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ping-Ping Sun, Dan Li, Meng Su, Qing Ren, Wen-Ping Guo, Jiang-Li Wang, Luan-Ying Du, Guang-Cheng Xie
Summary: This study investigated the effects of TLR1/2/4/6 monomers and TLR2 heterodimer on EV71 replication and innate immune activation. It was found that TLR monomers and TLR2 heterodimer inhibited EV71 replication and induced the production of IL-8. Additionally, the EV71 capsid proteins served as pathogen-associated molecular patterns for TLR monomers and TLR2 heterodimer, activating innate immunity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katarzyna Wicherska-Pawlowska, Tomasz Wrobel, Justyna Rybka
Summary: The innate immune system recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), activating immune cells and initiating inflammatory and immune responses. This system also plays a role in cancer immunosurveillance, with potential for natural and synthetic agonists of PRRs to be used as adjuvants in cancer immunotherapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Bettina Hoden, David DeRubeis, Margarita Martinez-Moczygemba, Kenneth S. Ramos, Dekai Zhang
Summary: Innate immune response mechanisms play a crucial role in lung cancer immunity and immunotherapy. TLR signaling can modulate the tumor microenvironment and enhance the immune sensitization of tumor cells to treatments.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Sara Francisco, Alicia Arranz, Javier Merino, Carmen Punzon, Rosario Perona, Manuel Fresno
Summary: The study found that TLR2 ligands activate MAPKs p38 and ERK earlier in macrophages, leading to higher levels of IL-10/IL-12 and IL-10/TNF-alpha ratios compared to TLR4 ligand LPS. Early TLR2-mediated p38 induction contributes to high IL-10 production, likely suppressing host Th1 response against certain pathogens.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Pamela Houeiss, Sandrine Luce, Christian Boitard
Summary: Environmental factors play a significant role in the development of type 1 diabetes. Current prediction is mainly based on autoantibody detection and further research is needed to establish causality between different environmental risk factors and disease development.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Gyu Hwan Hyun, In Ho Cho, Yoon Young Yang, Da-Hye Jeong, Yun Pyo Kang, You-Sun Kim, Seul Ji Lee, Sung Won Kwon
Summary: This study investigates the immunological action of complex pectin by studying its interaction with Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The research shows that pectic heteropolysaccharides (HPSs) derived from terrestrial plant cell walls can bind to TLR4 and activate the immune response. The findings provide a better understanding of the interaction between complex carbohydrates and proteins.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Risa Tamagawa-Mineoka
Summary: The skin acts as a physical barrier and toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a role in both infectious and non-infectious inflammatory diseases. In atopic dermatitis (AD), skin barrier dysfunction allows stimuli to penetrate the skin and activate the innate immune system, leading to inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Karsten Eichholz, Tuan Hiep Tran, Coraline Cheneau, Thi Thu Phuong Tran, Oceane Paris, Martine Pugniere, Eric J. Kremer
Summary: This study examines the interactions between danger-associated molecular patterns and human adenoviruses and their impact on vaccines. The interaction between human adenoviruses and HNP-1 can modify the response of antigen-presenting cells, influencing vaccine efficacy. HNP-1 binds to the capsids of human adenoviruses and directs them to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), leading to internalization, inflammasome response, and IL-1β release.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Domenico Supino, Luna Minute, Andrea Mariancini, Federica Riva, Elena Magrini, Cecilia Garlanda
Summary: This article explores the roles of interleukin-1 (IL-1) family members and their receptors in regulating immune and inflammatory processes at the molecular level. It discusses their significance in the development of diseases and their potential therapeutic applications.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Cassio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-da-Silva, Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio, Robson Coutinho-Silva, David M. Ojcius
Summary: The innate immune system in vertebrates and invertebrates relies on conserved receptors and ligands, and pathways to initiate a rapid response against microbial infections and other sources of stress and danger. Research on NOD-like receptors (NLRs) has advanced in the past two decades, providing insight into the ligands and conditions that activate NLRs, as well as the outcomes of NLR activation in cells and animals. NLRs play crucial roles in diverse functions, such as transcription of MHC molecules and initiation of inflammation, and their activation can be direct or indirect depending on the ligands involved. Future discoveries will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular details and physiological consequences of NLR activation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Priscila Saamara Masin, Hugo Alves Visentin, Laise Nayana Sala Elpidio, Ana Maria Sell, Lorena Visentainer, Quirino Alves De Lima Neto, Joana Maira Valentini Zacarias, Patricia Couceiro, Andressa Higa Shinzato, Manuel Santos Rosa, Paulo Rodrigues-Santos, Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer
Summary: This study investigated the association between polymorphisms in TLR1 and TLR2 genes and susceptibility/protection against leprosy in southern Brazil. The results showed that certain genotypes in TLR1 and TLR2 were more frequent in the control group, suggesting a potential protective role against leprosy.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Joanne Boldison, Larissa Camargo Da Rosa, Joanne Davies, Li Wen, F. Susan Wong
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
F. Susan Wong, Li Wen
NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Juan Huang, James A. Pearson, Jian Peng, Youjia Hu, Sha Sha, Yanpeng Xing, Gan Huang, Xia Li, Fang Hu, Zhiguo Xie, Yang Xiao, Shuoming Luo, Chen Chao, F. Susan Wong, Zhiguang Zhou, Li Wen
Review
Immunology
James Alexander Pearson, Florence Susan Wong, Li Wen
Review
Immunology
M. Battaglia, J. H. Buckner, M. K. Levings, S. J. Richardson, F. S. Wong, T. I. Tree
Summary: The story of Achilles' heel serves as a metaphor for vulnerability and weakness that may go unnoticed until it causes failure. Various cells and elements have been proposed as potential Achilles' heels for type 1 diabetes, each playing a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.Experts continue to study and present arguments to identify the specific Achilles' heel of T1D.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Joanne Boldison, Terri C. Thayer, Joanne Davies, F. Susan Wong
Summary: Naturally protected NOD mice exhibit unique characteristics in their pancreatic islet morphology and immune infiltrate, with features such as increased frequency of insulin-containing, smaller-sized islets and regulatory T and B cell phenotypes. Despite being diabetes free, they still have significant immune infiltrate, indicating a distinct islet signature and providing new insights into regulatory mechanisms in pancreatic islets.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
James A. Pearson, Heyuan Ding, Changyun Hu, Jian Peng, Brittany Galuppo, F. Susan Wong, Sonia Caprio, Nicola Santoro, Li Wen
Summary: The study suggests that IgM-bound gut microbiota may play a crucial role in the immunopathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes, providing a novel link between IgM and these conditions in both mice and humans.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Raffaella Buzzetti, Ernesto Maddaloni, Jason Gaglia, R. David Leslie, F. Susan Wong, Bernhard O. Boehm
Summary: Adult-onset autoimmune diabetes is often misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes and has a slow progression. Proper care aims to prevent complications and improve quality of life. Choosing the right therapy for this disease is challenging due to its heterogeneity.
NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sha Sha, James A. Pearson, Jian Peng, Youjia Hu, Juan Huang, Yanpeng Xing, Luyao Zhang, Ying Zhu, Hongyu Zhao, F. Susan Wong, Li Chen, Li Wen
Summary: TLR9 in B cells modulates T1D susceptibility by changing the frequency and function of IL-10-producing B cells, leading to near-complete protection from diabetes development in NOD mice.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Terri C. Thayer, Joanne Davies, James A. Pearson, Stephanie J. Hanna, Li Wen, F. Susan Wong
Summary: Our results suggest that a loss of NOD-LNSC MHC-independent suppressive mechanisms may contribute to diabetes development. In contrast, non-MHC-matched, control C57BL/6 mouse LNSC suppressed T-cell receptor engagement by anti-CD3/CD28 via MHC-independent mechanisms, modifying antigen sensitivity and effector function.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Godhev Kumar Manakkat Vijay, Changyun Hu, Jian Peng, Irma Garcia-Martinez, Rafaz Hoque, Rejina Mariam Verghis, Yun Ma, Wajahat Zafar Mehal, Debbie Lindsay Shawcross, Li Wen
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2019)