Article
Oncology
J. F. Huisman, I. J. H. Schoenaker, R. M. Brohet, O. Reerink, H. van der Sluis, F. C. P. Moll, E. de Boer, J. C. de Graaf, W. H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, G. L. Beets, H. L. van Westreenen
Summary: The study demonstrates that the introduction of structured multidisciplinary response evaluation leads to a significant decrease in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer achieving complete response after nCRT, reducing the need for surgery and improving stoma-free survival rates.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Gaetan Des Guetz, Thierry Landre, Marc A. Bollet, Muriel Mathonnet, Laurent Quero
Summary: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plays a crucial role in rectal cancer patients, and the combination of oxaliplatin with fluoropyrimidine (5-FU or capecitabine) significantly improves DFS, reduces metastatic progression, and increases the rate of pathological complete response. However, close attention is needed when managing adverse events, as there is a higher risk of diarrhea with the oxaliplatin and 5-FU combination.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Weerapat Suwanthanma, Saowanee Kitudomrat, Chakrapan Euanorasetr
Summary: The study investigated the clinical and pathological outcomes of locally advanced rectal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by curative surgery, identifying tumor length and lymph node involvement as potential predictive factors for pathological complete response. Patients achieving pCR showed higher 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates compared to non-pCR patients.
Article
Surgery
Philip S. Bauer, William C. Chapman, Chady Atallah, Bilal A. Makhdoom, Aneel Damle, Radhika K. Smith, Paul E. Wise, Sean C. Glasgow, Matthew L. Silviera, Steven R. Hunt, Matthew G. Mutch
Summary: In patients with nonmetastatic rectal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant short-course radiation therapy (SC-TNT) or conventional chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by proctectomy, there was no significant difference in perioperative complications between the two treatment regimens. SC-TNT did not significantly increase the risk of perioperative complications compared to CRT.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Toru Tochigi, Sophia C. Kamran, Anushri Parakh, Yoshifumi Noda, Balaji Ganeshan, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, David P. Ryan, Jill N. Allen, David L. Berger, Jennifer Y. Wo, Theodore S. Hong, Avinash Kambadakone
Summary: This study assessed the use of CT-based fractal dimension and texture analysis in predicting the therapeutic response to nCRT in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. The research found that fractal dimension was a significant parameter for predicting the efficacy of nCRT.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Pamela Milito, Luca Sorrentino, Filippo Pietrantonio, Anna Di Russo, Davide Citterio, Vincenzo Mazzaferro, Maurizio Cosimelli
Summary: This study did not demonstrate a significant impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery on locoregional control or overall survival in stage IV rectal cancer.
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Julio Garcia-Aguilar, Sujata Patil, Marc J. Gollub, Jin K. Kim, Jonathan B. Yuval, Hannah M. Thompson, Floris S. Verheij, Dana M. Omer, Meghan Lee, Richard F. Dunne, Jorge Marcet, Peter Cataldo, Blase Polite, Daniel O. Herzig, David Liska, Samuel Oommen, Charles M. Friel, Charles Ternent, Andrew L. Coveler, Steven Hunt, Anita Gregory, Madhulika G. Varma, Brian L. Bello, Joseph C. Carmichael, John Krauss, Ana Gleisner, Philip B. Paty, Martin R. Weiser, Garrett M. Nash, Emmanouil Pappou, Jose G. Guillem, Larissa Temple, Iris H. Wei, Maria Widmar, Sabrina Lin, Neil H. Segal, Andrea Cercek, Rona Yaeger, J. Joshua Smith, Karyn A. Goodman, Abraham J. Wu, Leonard B. Saltz
Summary: This study demonstrates that organ preservation is achievable in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with total neoadjuvant therapy, without a decrease in survival.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Oliver J. Ott, Cihan Gani, Lars H. Lindner, Manfred Schmidt, Ulf Lamprecht, Sultan Abdel-Rahman, Axel Hinke, Thomas Weissmann, Arndt Hartmann, Rolf D. Issels, Daniel Zips, Claus Belka, Robert Grutzmann, Rainer Fietkau
Summary: The HyRec trial evaluated an intensified neoadjuvant and multimodality treatment schedule for locally recurrent rectal cancer patients, showing promising efficacy and high feasibility, with comparable toxicities and very high pathologically confirmed complete remission rates.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuhong Chen, Biao Yang, Mingyang Chen, Zhaojun Li, Zhengyin Liao
Summary: This article summarizes potential predictors of the therapeutic response of RC to nCRT, including biomarkers associated with genes, RNA, proteins, immune and tumor microenvironment-related biomarkers, imaging biomarkers, microbiome-associated biomarkers, and blood-based biomarkers.
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Xi Chen, Xinyu Xie, Xiaodong Wang, Mingtian Wei, Zhigui Li, Li Li
Summary: Guideline adherence for clinical T4 rectal cancer is low, and following guidelines may not necessarily lead to better overall survival in these patients. Factors such as tumor staging, differentiation level, and adherence to clinical practices are associated with increased risk of mortality.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jung Kyong Shin, Jung Wook Huh, Woo Yong Lee, Seong Hyeon Yun, Hee Cheol Kim, Yong Beom Cho, Yoon Ah Park
Summary: This study analyzed the predictive factors, recurrence patterns, oncologic outcomes, and prognostic factors of patients with pathologic complete response (pCR) in rectal cancer who underwent radical surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). The study found that clinical node negativity, tumor size < 4 cm, and well differentiation were significant independent clinical predictors for achieving pCR. Patients with pCR had better long-term outcomes compared to those without pCR.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Maxiaowei Song, Shuai Li, Hongzhi Wang, Ke Hu, Fengwei Wang, Huajing Teng, Zhi Wang, Jin Liu, Angela Y. Jia, Yong Cai, Yongheng Li, Xianggao Zhu, Jianhao Geng, Yangzi Zhang, XiangBo Wan, Weihu Wang
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the performance of multicentre pre-treatment MRI-based radiomics (MBR) signatures combined with clinical baseline characteristics and neoadjuvant treatment modalities in predicting complete response to neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). The results showed that the radiomics-based models outperformed the non-imaging models, accurately reflecting the true nature of LARC and helping to identify patients who can undergo organ preservation strategies.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Huajing Teng, Yan Wang, Xin Sui, Jiawen Fan, Shuai Li, Xiao Lei, Chen Shi, Wei Sun, Maxiaowei Song, Hongzhi Wang, Dezuo Dong, Jianhao Geng, Yangzi Zhang, Xianggao Zhu, Yong Cai, Yongheng Li, Bo Li, Qingjie Min, Weihu Wang, Qimin Zhan
Summary: Preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is a standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients, yet little is known about the mediators underlying the heterogeneous patient response. In this study, the researchers conducted 16S rRNA sequencing on fecal specimens from LARC patients and discovered a decrease in microbial diversity after nCRT. They also found that Bacteroides vulgatus-mediated nucleotide biosynthesis is associated with nCRT resistance, and nonrespon-sive tumors have upregulated genes related to DNA repair and nucleoside trans-port. Additionally, the researchers identified uric acid as a potential prognosis marker for LARC patients receiving nCRT.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kendrick Koo, Rachel Ward, Ryan L. Smith, Jeremy Ruben, Peter W. G. Carne, Hany Elsaleh
Summary: The study did not find a benefit of chronomodulated radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients. There was an observed plateau in complete response rates at approximately 60 days between completion of radiotherapy and surgery. The recommendation is for surgery to be performed between 8 and 11 weeks after completion of neoadjuvant radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.
Article
Oncology
Delphine Dayde, Jillian Gunther, Yutaka Hirayama, David C. Weksberg, Adam Boutin, Gargy Parhy, Clemente Aguilar-Bonavides, Hong Wang, Hiroyuki Katayama, Yuichi Abe, Kim-Anh Do, Kazuo Hara, Takashi Kinoshita, Koji Komori, Yasuhiro Shimizu, Masahiro Tajika, Yasumasa Niwa, Y. Alan Wang, Ronald DePinho, Samir Hanash, Sunil Krishnan, Ayumu Taguchi
Summary: The study demonstrates that blood-based biomarkers such as VEGFR3, EGFR, and COX2 can predict the response of locally advanced rectal cancer patients to neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Combining these biomarkers significantly improves the predictive performance.
Article
Pathology
Susan D. Richman, Gemma Hemmings, Helen Roberts, Niall Gallop, Rachel Dodds, Lyndsay Wilkinson, Jonathan Davis, Rhian White, Emma Yates, Bharat Jasani, Louise Brown, Tim S. Maughan, Rachel Butler, Philip Quirke, Richard Adams
Summary: FOCUS4 trial is a successful umbrella trial for patients with advanced colorectal cancer, using molecular profiling for biomarker analysis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Rebecca J. Birch, Daniel Peckham, Henry M. Wood, Philip Quirke, Rob Konstant-Hambling, Keith Brownlee, Rebecca Cosgriff, Nicholas Burr, Amy Downing
Summary: It has been found that individuals with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) have a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), and carriers of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutations may also face an increased risk. With the increasing life expectancy of CF patients, more individuals are at risk of developing CRC.
JOURNAL OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Christopher J. M. Williams, Rebecca Fish, Lucy Akerman, Nicholas West, Damian Tolan, Aaron J. Quyn, Jenny F. Seligmann
Summary: The international FOxTROT trial is the first randomized controlled trial to test neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in locally advanced colon cancer. The trial showed that NAC reduced the recurrence or residual disease rate at 2 years compared to the control group. Implementing new NAC pathways is essential for translating the findings of the FOxTROT trial into improved patient outcomes in colorectal cancer.
COLORECTAL DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Dion Morton, Matthew Seymour, Laura Magill, Kelly Handley, James Glasbey, Bengt Glimelius, Andy Palmer, Jenny Seligmann, Soren Laurberg, Keigo Murakami, Nick West, Philip Quirke, Richard Gray, FOxTROT Collaborative Grp
Summary: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy shows potential benefits for locally advanced colon cancer compared to postoperative chemotherapy. In this study, patients with radiologically staged T3-4, N0-2, M0 colon cancer were randomly assigned to receive 6 weeks of preoperative oxaliplatin-fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy followed by either 18 or 24 weeks postoperatively. Results indicate that neoadjuvant chemotherapy results in marked downstaging of tumors and lower rates of incomplete resections and disease recurrence within 2 years.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hideki Ueno, Iris D. Nagtegaal, Philip Quirke, Kenichi Sugihara, Yoichi Ajioka
Summary: Tumor deposits (TDs), discontinuous tumor spread, negatively impact survival in approximately 20% of colorectal cancer patients. Revisions on TD definition and categorization in the TNM system have been partially successful, but alternative staging methods, such as the counting method, have shown superior prognostic and diagnostic value. An international discussion on optimal TD treatment is needed to ensure patients receive the best possible adjuvant treatment.
ANNALS OF GASTROENTEROLOGICAL SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Mayilvahanan Bose, Henry Wood, Caroline Young, Philip Quirke, Ramakrishan Ayloor Seshadri
Summary: It has been found that changes in the gut microbiome can be either a cause or a correlation of colorectal cancer. Most of this research has been conducted in developed countries with high incidence of CRC, and it is unknown if lower incidence countries like India have similar microbial associations. This study collected and sequenced microbial samples from 46 Indian CRC patients and 43 healthy volunteers, demonstrating similarities to other Asian samples and a global CRC microbiome, but also highlighting regional variation and the importance of developing protocols and infrastructure for microbiome research in different countries.
Article
Cell Biology
Jan Moritz Niehues, Philip Quirke, Nicholas P. West, Heike I. Grabsch, Marko van Treeck, Yoni Schirris, Gregory P. Veldhuizen, Gordon G. A. Hutchins, Susan D. Richman, Sebastian Foersch, Titus J. Brinker, Junya Fukuoka, Andrey Bychkov, Wataru Uegami, Daniel Truhn, Hermann Brenner, Alexander Brobeil, Michael Hoffmeister, Jakob Nikolas Kather
Summary: Deep learning can predict microsatellite instability (MSI) from routine histopathology slides of colorectal cancer (CRC). It is unclear whether DL can also predict other biomarkers with high performance and whether DL predictions generalize to external patient populations.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Sophia J. Wagner, Daniel Reisenbuechler, Nicholas P. West, Jan Moritz Niehues, Jiefu Zhu, Sebastian Foersch, Gregory Patrick Veldhuizen, Philip Quirke, Heike I. Grabsch, Piet A. van den Brandt, Gordon G. A. Hutchins, Susan D. Richman, Tanwei Yuan, Rupert Langer, Josien C. A. Jenniskens, Kelly Offermans, Wolfram Mueller, Richard Gray, Stephen B. Gruber, Joel K. Greenson, Gad Rennert, Joseph D. Bonner, Daniel Schmolze, Jitendra Jonnagaddala, Nicholas J. Hawkins, Robyn L. Ward, Dion Morton, Matthew Seymour, Laura Magill, Marta Nowak, Jennifer Hay, Viktor H. Koelzer, David N. Church, Christian Matek, Carol Geppert, Chaolong Peng, Cheng Zhi, Xiaoming Ouyang, Jacqueline A. James, Maurice B. Loughrey, Manuel Salto-Tellez, Hermann Brenner, Michael Hoffmeister, Daniel Truhn, Julia A. Schnabel, Melanie Boxberg, Tingying Peng, Jakob Nikolas Kather
Summary: This study develops a new transformer-based pipeline for predicting prognostic biomarkers from colorectal cancer pathology slides. The results show that this approach significantly improves performance, generalizability, data efficiency, and interpretability compared to current algorithms. The method also solves a longstanding diagnostic problem by achieving clinical-grade performance on endoscopic biopsy tissue.
Letter
Oncology
Richard Gray, Matt Seymour, Laura Magill, Kelly Handley, Philip Quirke, Nick West, Dion Morton
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Morten F. S. Hartwig, Mustafa Bulut, Jens Ravn-Eriksen, Lasse B. Hansen, Rasmus D. Bojesen, Mads Falk Klein, Henrik L. Jakobsen, Morten Rasmussen, Bo Rud, Jens-Ole Eriksen, Susanne Eiholm, Anne-Marie K. Fiehn, Phil Quirke, Ismail Gogenur
Summary: The study aimed to assess the feasibility of Combined Endoscopic and Laparoscopic Surgery (CELS) in high-risk patients with early colon cancer. The results showed that CELS resection was feasible in selected patients and could spare some patients from undergoing large bowel resection.
SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Ross Jarrett, Nicholas P. West
Summary: Colon cancer surgery shows significant variation worldwide, leading to differences in quality measures like lymph node yield. Pathologists can assess these variables and provide feedback to improve surgical quality. The move towards complete mesocolic excision with central vascular ligation emphasizes the importance of pathological feedback for improving outcomes.
Article
Surgery
Stefi Nordkamp, Jan M. van Rees, Kim van den Berg, David M. Mens, Davy M. J. Creemers, Heike M. U. Peulen, Geert-Jan Creemers, Grard A. P. Nieuwenhuijzen, Jip L. Tolenaar, Johanne G. Bloemen, Joost Rothbarth, Harm J. T. Rutten, Cornelis Verhoef, Jacobus W. A. Burger
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Stefi Nordkamp, Floor Piqeur, Kim van den Berg, Jip L. Tolenaar, Irene E. G. van Hellemond, Geert-Jan Creemers, Mark Roef, Gesina van Lijnschoten, Jeltsje S. Cnossen, Grard A. P. Nieuwenhuijzen, Johanne G. Bloemen, Lien Coolen, Joost Nederend, Heike M. U. Peulen, Harm J. T. Rutten, Jacobus W. A. Burger
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the oncological outcomes of patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer with a pCR, and compare them with patients without a pCR. Patients with a pCR had superior oncological outcomes. A watch-and-wait approach may be considered in highly selected patients to improve quality of life without compromising oncological outcomes.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Anouk Hiensch, Elles Steenhagen, Jonna K. van Vulpen, Jelle P. Ruurda, Grard A. P. Nieuwenhuijzen, Ewout A. Kouwenhoven, Richard P. R. Groenendijk, Donald L. van der Peet, Camiel Rosman, Bas P. L. Wijnhoven, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Hanneke W. M. van Laarhoven, Richard van Hillegersberg, Peter D. Siersema, Anne M. May