Article
Surgery
Zachary M. Callahan, Wennuan Liu, Jun Hou, S. Lilly Zheng, Jamaal Rehman, H. Mason Hedberg, Craig S. Brown, Bailey Su, Mikhail Attaar, Kristine Kuchta, MaryAnn Regner, JoAnn Carbray, Jianfeng Xu, Michael Ujiki
Summary: This study found that patients who progressed from non-dysplastic Barrett's esophagus (NDBE) to high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) were older at diagnosis and reported fewer reflux symptoms. Progression was associated with the presence of any somatic DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) and specific CNAs in GATA6 or ERBB2.
SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pelin Ergun, Sezgi Kipcak, Serhat Bor
Summary: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a condition resulting from chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease, which may progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The histological dysplasia grade is commonly used as a biomarker, but its effectiveness is limited due to cost and lack of progression in many BE patients. Clinicians require multiple or more quantitative biomarkers for early diagnosis of EAC, which has high mortality. Epigenetic factors in the early stages of neoplastic transformation show promise as predictive biomarkers. This review summarizes current research on DNA methylations, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs (miRNAs) during the progression from BE dysplasia to EAC.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter M. M. Stawinski, Karolina N. N. Dziadkowiec, Lily A. A. Kuo, Juan Echavarria, Shreyas Saligram
Summary: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a premalignant mucosal transformation characterized by the replacement of esophageal squamous epithelium with metaplastic columnar epithelium. It is associated with an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma and is often caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease. Screening for BE is selective based on risk factors and is not recommended for the general population. Diagnosis involves endoscopic recognition, targeted biopsies, and histologic confirmation of columnar metaplasia. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, screening, and advanced techniques for detecting and eradicating Barrett's esophagus.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ksenia Maslenkina, Liudmila Mikhaleva, Maxim Naumenko, Rositsa Vandysheva, Michail Gushchin, Dmitri Atiakshin, Igor Buchwalow, Markus Tiemann
Summary: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a premalignant lesion that can develop into esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The development of BE is caused by biliary reflux and involves various stem cell origins. The concept of healing has been replaced by the cytokine storm and inflammatory microenvironment, leading to intestinal metaplasia. This review discusses the roles of molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of BE and EAC, including NOTCH, hedgehog, NF-?B, and IL6/STAT3.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Nandan P. Deshpande, Stephen M. Riordan, Claire J. Gorman, Shaun Nielsen, Tonia L. Russell, Carolina Correa-Ospina, Bentotage S. M. Fernando, Shafagh A. Waters, Natalia Castano-Rodriguez, Si Ming Man, Nicodemus Tedla, Marc R. Wilkins, Nadeem O. Kaakoush
Summary: This study comprehensively assessed the esophageal microenvironment in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease and metaplasia, identifying bacterial strain-specific signatures with high relevance to disease progression.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Maja Mejza, Ewa Malecka-Wojciesko
Summary: Barrett's esophagus is a precancerous condition of the esophagus, characterized by a salmon-colored lining and the presence of columnar epithelium with goblet cells. It is associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma, a tumor with poor survival rates and increasing incidence. The diagnosis and management of Barrett's esophagus remain a topic of ongoing debate. This article provides an overview of current recommendations and new discoveries in this field.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuxuan Wang, Christopher Douville, Joshua D. Cohen, Austin Mattox, Sam Curtis, Natalie Silliman, Maria Popoli, Janine Ptak, Lisa Dobbyn, Nadine Nehme, Jonathan C. Dudley, Mahmoud Summers, Ming Zhang, Lan T. Ho-Pham, Bich N. H. Tran, Thach S. Tran, Tuan Nguyen, Chetan Bettegowda, Nickolas Papadopoulos, Kenneth W. Kinzlera, Bert Vogelsteina
Summary: The analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from plasma has great potential for early cancer detection. A new method called MethylSaferSeqS allows the evaluation of DNA molecules for changes in sequence, methylation, or copy number, increasing the sensitivity of cancer detection assays. The method involves copying both strands of each DNA-barcoded molecule and separating the original strands from the copied strands to obtain epigenetic and genetic alterations. By applying this method to plasma samples from individuals with different types of cancer, the study successfully detected expected patterns of mutations, copy number alterations, and methylation. MethylSaferSeqS has the potential to address various genetics and epigenetics-related questions.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhiwei Liu, Ruibing Su, Anil Ahsan, Chencai Liu, Xiaoqi Liao, Dongping Tian, Min Su
Summary: Squamous esophageal carcinoma is a common pathological type of esophageal carcinoma worldwide, with genomic instability observed during its development. This study suggests that DNA mutations caused by early DNA damage may serve as an indicator for ultra-early screening of esophageal cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Lu Zhang, Binyu Sun, Xi Zhou, QiongQiong Wei, Sicheng Liang, Gang Luo, Tao Li, Muhan Lu
Summary: This article briefly describes the etiology and clinical significance of intestinal metaplasia in Barrett's esophagus, as well as its impact on diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment according to different guidelines. The basis for endoscopic diagnosis and identification techniques of goblet cells in Barrett's esophagus are explored, along with current treatment methods related to the condition.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Ronan J. Kelly, Amir M. Ansari, Tomoharu Miyashita, Marianna Zahurak, Frank Lay, A. Karim Ahmed, Louis J. Born, Maryam K. Pezhouh, Kevan J. Salimian, Christopher Ng, Aerielle E. Matsangos, Anne-Heloise Stricker-Krongrad, Ken-ichi Mukaisho, Guy P. Marti, Christine H. Chung, Marcia I. Canto, Michelle A. Rudek, Stephen J. Meltzer, John W. Harmon
Summary: Itraconazole significantly reduces the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma and SHH expression in a preclinical animal model of Barrett's Metaplasia. In humans, BE tissue expresses higher levels of SHH, Indian Hedgehog, and bone morphogenic protein compared to normal squamous esophageal epithelium.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jovana R. Gotovac, Tanjina Kader, Julia Milne, Kenji M. Fujihara, Luis E. Lara-Gonzalez, Kylie L. Gorringe, Sangeetha N. Kalimuthu, Madawa W. Jayawardana, Cuong P. Duong, Wayne A. Phillips, Nicholas J. Clemons
Summary: The study explores the impact of SMAD4 loss on TGF-beta signaling and tumorigenicity in high-grade dysplastic Barrett's cells. SMAD4 knockout alters the expression of TGF-beta target genes, upregulating potential oncogenes and downregulating tumor-suppressor genes. Inactivation of SMAD4 promotes tumorigenesis and genomic instability, suggesting that SMAD4 plays a critical role in EAC development and progression.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Zheng Zhao, Zheng Wang, Zhao-Shi Bao, Wei-Zhen Gao, Yuan-Da Zhang, Ci-Jie Ruan, Tao Lv, Yong Wang, Li-Hua Sun
Summary: This study utilized whole-exome sequencing to identify a low frequency of missense mutations in the KIF23 coding region in 319 gliomas, with a stronger association found between amplification of KIF23 and its high expression. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the increased copy number of KIF23 was associated with specific pathways, leading to the upregulation of KIF23 expression.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Edward H. Tsoi, Puneet Mahindra, Georgina Cameron, Richard Williams, Richard Norris, Paul Desmond, Spiro Raftopoulos, Darren Pavey, Arti Rattan, Luke F. Hourigan, Richard Lee, Michael J. Bourke, Naaz Sidhu, Rajvinder Singh, Andrew Chan, Sudarshan Krishnamurthi, Andrew C. F. Taylor
Summary: This study aimed to determine the proportion of prevalent HGD or EAC detected in Barrett's esophagus (BE) patients referred from the community with a recent diagnosis of low-grade dysplasia (LGD). The results showed that BERU assessment endoscopy identified more visible lesions than community referral endoscopy and identified HGD or EAC in 27% of patients referred from the community with a recent diagnosis of LGD. Reported progression rates from LGD to HGD or EAC may be overestimated.
GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Rita Pinto, Tobias Hauge, Marine Jeanmougin, Heidi D. Pharo, Stine H. Kresse, Hilde Honne, Sara B. Winge, May-Britt Five, Theresa Kumar, Tom Mala, Truls Hauge, Egil Johnson, Guro E. Lind
Summary: This study investigates the distribution of genetic and epigenetic modifications in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its precursor lesion Barrett's esophagus (BE). The study confirms the frequent occurrence of TP53 mutations in EAC, while no mutations were found in BE. MSI and MLH1 promoter hypermethylation were rare events in both EAC and BE. APC, CDKN2A, MGMT, and TIMP3 promoter hypermethylation were frequently observed in both lesions.
CLINICAL EPIGENETICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chengjiao Yao, Yilin Li, Lihong Luo, Qin Xiong, Xiaowu Zhong, Fengjiao Xie, Peimin Feng
Summary: The study identified differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and genes (DEGs) between EAC and BE tissue samples, performed pathway and functional enrichment analysis, and identified enriched functions and pathways. Some hub genes, such as GART and TNFSF11, as well as highly connected miRNAs like hsa-miR-143 and hsa-miR-133b were determined. This research provides insights into the development mechanism of BE and EAC.
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Nikita Chapurin, Ping Li, Rakesh K. Chandra, Justin H. Turner, Naweed I. Chowdhury
Summary: The study retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data from 231 patients undergoing surgical therapy for CRS, finding that IL-17A levels were significantly correlated with the number of prior sinus surgeries. Other cytokine levels, such as RANTES, were inversely related to the number of surgeries.
INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Nikita Chapurin, Douglas J. Totten, Peter C. Louis, James S. Lewis, Naweed I. Chowdhury, Justin Turner, Rakesh K. Chandra
Summary: Sinonasal small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SNEC) is a rare and aggressive tumor that is difficult to diagnose and treat. This article describes two cases of SNEC and reviews the imaging, pathology, and treatment decisions. Further research is needed to better understand SNEC and develop effective treatment protocols.
ENT-EAR NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL
(2022)
Editorial Material
Otorhinolaryngology
Nikita Chapurin, Douglas J. Totten, Basil Chaballout, Julia Brennan, Spencer Dennis, Rory Lubner, Naweed Chowdhury, Justin H. Turner, Timothy Trone, Rakesh K. Chandra
INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Otorhinolaryngology
Nikita Chapurin, Spencer Dennis, Naweed I. Chowdhury, Timothy Trone, Basil Chaballout, Elizabeth Longino, Justin H. Turner, Rakesh K. Chandra
INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Allergy
Nikita Chapurin, Jeffanie Wu, Alex B. Labby, Rakesh K. Chandra, Naweed Chowdhury, Justin H. Turner
Summary: Chronic rhinosinusitis is a condition characterized by persistent local mucosal inflammation and is associated with high healthcare costs. Personalized treatment approaches using molecular biomarkers, phenotypes, and inflammatory endotypes are currently being researched. Recent studies suggest that understanding the heterogeneity of chronic rhinosinusitis and incorporating these characteristics into clinical care pathways may improve the selection of surgical and therapeutic interventions.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Benjamin Kye Jyn Tan, Ruobing Han, Joseph J. Zhao, Nicole Kye Wen Tan, Emrick Sen Hui Quah, Claire Jing-Wen Tan, Yiong Huak Chan, Neville Wei Yang Teo, Tze Choong Charn, Anna See, Shuhui Xu, Nikita Chapurin, Rakesh K. Chandra, Naweed Chowdhury, Rafal Butowt, Christopher S. von Bartheld, B. Nirmal Kumar, Claire Hopkins, Song Tar Toh
Summary: This study aims to investigate the recovery rate of smell and taste in patients with COVID-19, the proportion of patients with persistent dysfunction, and the prognostic factors associated with recovery. The findings suggest that a substantial proportion of patients may experience long-term changes in their sense of smell or taste, contributing to the burden of long COVID.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Elizabeth S. Longino, Alex B. Labby, Jeffanie Wu, Nikita Chapurin, Ping Li, Rakesh K. Chandra, Justin H. Turner, Naweed Chowdhury
Summary: This study analyzed nasal mucus inflammatory cytokine patterns in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, and found that specific cytokine levels were associated with disease severity and the number of prior sinus surgeries. IL-5 and IL-13 were found to be elevated in patients with more prior surgeries. Additionally, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-21 levels decreased as the number of prior surgeries increased.
INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Frederick G. Durrant, Craig Salvador, Tiffany Chen, Nikita Chapurin, Rodney J. Schlosser
INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Otorhinolaryngology
Nikita Chapurin, Sofia Khan, Jorge Gutierrez, Zachary M. M. Soler
Summary: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis is a chronic inflammatory condition that has a significant impact on patients' health and healthcare costs. The economic burden of this condition, especially with the use of targeted biologics, needs further investigation.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY & ALLERGY
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Frederick G. Durrant, Tiffany Chen, Nicolas S. Poupore, Shaun A. Nguyen, Nikita Chapurin, Rodney J. Schlosser
Summary: This study aims to investigate novel methods of measuring intranasal trigeminal function and correlate with validated measures of trigeminal function. The results show moderate correlations between extraoral cheek site and oral site thermal measures, indicating consistent assessment of trigeminal function. There were significant correlations between intranasal thermosensory measures at the septum and turbinate. Turbinate thermal measures had weak correlations with trigeminal visual analog scale (VAS) scores. The study concludes that TSA testing might provide a rapid, novel method of intranasal trigeminal function assessment.
OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
(2023)
Review
Otorhinolaryngology
Jorge A. A. Gutierrez III, Frederick G. Durrant, Shaun A. Nguyen, Nikita Chapurin, Rodney J. Schlosser, Zachary M. Soler
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between social determinants of health and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS). The findings showed a higher proportion of black patients and uninsured or subsidized insurance among AFRS patients. This suggests that social determinants of health are related to the occurrence of AFRS.
OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
(2023)
Review
Otorhinolaryngology
Sofia Khan, Jorge A. A. Gutierrez III, Nikita Chapurin, Shaun A. Nguyen, Zachary M. Soler, Rodney J. Schlosser
Summary: This study analyzes olfactory outcomes in different races and finds that Black patients have a higher degree of olfactory dysfunction compared to White patients, and they are more likely to underreport their awareness of the dysfunction.
INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Jorge A. Gutierrez, Christian M. Shannon, Nikita Chapurin, Rodney J. Schlosser, Zachary M. Soler
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the real-world adherence to intranasal corticosteroid irrigations and identify factors associated with low adherence. The medication possession ratio was calculated using pharmacy data, and the results showed low adherence with underreported medication issues. Education and barriers to care were associated with lower adherence, which in turn, correlated with worse quality of life for patients.
INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Nikita Chapurin, Rahul K. Sharma, Madelyn N. Stevens, Esther Kim, Justin H. Turner, Paul T. Russell
Summary: This study describes a novel method for repairing ICA injuries using an autologous lateral tongue muscle patch. The technique allows for quick harvest of a large and accessible source of muscle during endoscopic surgery. Results from three successful cases demonstrate the advantages of the tongue muscle patch method, including its fast harvest, accessibility within the surgical field, and low donor site morbidity.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY PART B-SKULL BASE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Janine Cubello, Derick R. Peterson, Lu Wang, Margot Mayer-Proschel
Summary: Maternal iron deficiency and environmental lead exposure both impact the neurodevelopment of offspring. This study demonstrated that iron deficiency leads to iron depletion in specific brain regions, which is exacerbated by lead exposure. Moreover, blood lead levels may not accurately reflect the lead burden in the brain, especially in the presence of iron deficiency.