Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Guido Novati, Hugues Lascombes de Laroussilhe, Petros Koumoutsakos
Summary: Researchers have used multi-agent reinforcement learning to improve the discovery of turbulence models, with promising results. This approach can estimate unresolved subgrid-scale physics and generalize well across different grid sizes and flow conditions.
NATURE MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hendrik Nunner, Vincent Buskens, Alexandra Teslya, Mirjam Kretzschmar
Summary: Research shows that properties of social networks can influence the spread of infectious diseases. Small-world structures with densely connected clusters and few bridging connections can decrease disease spread while increasing the chances of disease spreading to all parts of the network. However, clusters with individuals who have similar reactions to avoid infections can change the effect of these clusters on disease spread. This study predicts that the existence of health behavior homophilous clusters can reduce infections, lower peak size, and flatten the curve of active cases, as agents perceiving higher risks can quickly protect their clusters from infections by severing a few bridging ties.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zehra Onen-Dumlu, Alison L. Harper, Paul G. Forte, Anna L. Powell, Martin Pitt, Christos Vasilakis, Richard M. Wood
Summary: While much research has focused on the pressures faced by acute hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study explores the theoretical cost-optimal capacity requirement for intermediate care services within a major healthcare system in England. By using computer modelling to project demand and estimate cost-optimal capacity, the study suggests that increased intermediate care capacity can lead to lower system-level costs and improved patient outcomes.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Brian E. Bunnell, Nikolaos Kazantzis, Samantha R. Paige, Janelle Barrera, Rajvi N. Thakkar, Dylan Turner, Brandon M. Welch
Summary: The majority of TMH providers offer individual therapy services to adults with anxiety, depression, and trauma-related disorders, with approximately 82% supporting the use of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). CBT TMH providers are more likely to use in-session and homework exercises, as well as collect more clinical information from their patients.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
A. Arellano-Delgado, R. M. Lopez-Gutierrez, R. Mendez-Ramirez, L. Cardoza-Avendano, C. Cruz-Hernandez
Summary: This work investigates the small-world outer synchronization of chaotic networks using a dynamic intermediary system, comparing the effectiveness of static and proposed dynamic couplings for inner and outer synchronization. The study is based on the analysis of maximum Lyapunov exponent of variational equations.
PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
James D. A. Millington, Valeri Katerinchuk, Ramon Felipe Bicudo da Silva, Daniel de Castro Victoria, Mateus Batistella
Summary: The increasing global demand for agricultural commodities has driven local land use/cover change and agricultural production in Brazil during the 21st century. CRAFTY-Brazil is a LUCC model representing the production of multiple agricultural commodities, taking into account spatially explicit and temporally contingent processes in the nearly four million km2 Brazilian study area.
ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Balint Hartmann, Viktoria Sugar
Summary: The study found that only after the introduction of multiple voltage levels, power grids exhibit small-world behavior; the node distribution of the grid does not show scale-free behavior, and the scaling stabilizes around certain values after the initial phase of grid evolution.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Louis R. Nemzer, Gary D. Cravens, Robert M. Worth, Francis Motta, Andon Placzek, Victor Castro, Jennie Q. Lou
Summary: Healthy brain function is characterized by neuronal network dynamics at the critical phase, with failure to stay at this point potentially leading to neurological disorders like epilepsy. Simulation studies on Small-World Networks can generate synthetic EEG signals corresponding to seizure or non-seizure states, aiding in understanding the pathophysiology of epilepsy and training machine-learning seizure prediction algorithms.
FRONTIERS IN COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Tushar Mitra, Md. Kamrul Hassan
Summary: This study investigates a weighted planar stochastic lattice and discovers that its dynamics are governed by infinitely many conservation laws. The lattice's dual network is found to be a scale-free network and a small-world network, exhibiting specific degree distribution and clustering properties.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Matheus I. N. Rosa, Massimo Ruzzene
Summary: This paper investigates the dynamic behavior of lattices with disorder introduced through non-local network connections. The study reveals the emergence of spectral gaps in the lattice for increasing levels of disorder, leading to low transmission levels of vibrations. It is also found that the disordered lattices undergo transitions from ballistic to super-diffusive or diffusive transport. These findings demonstrate the potential for disorder in the form of non-local connections to enable additional functionalities for metamaterials.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
David Coomes, Dylan Green, Ruanne Barnabas, Monisha Sharma, Magdalena Barr-DiChiara, Muhammad S. Jamil, R. Baggaley, Morkor Newman Owiredu, Virginia Macdonald, Van Thi Thuy Nguyen, Son Hai Vo, Melanie Taylor, Teodora Wi, Cheryl Johnson, Alison L. Drake
Summary: Annual HIV and syphilis testing among key populations using dual RDT is cost-effective in Vietnam and similar settings to achieve global reduction goals for HIV and syphilis.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jianxiong Liang, Xiaoguang Chen, Tianyi Wang
Summary: Quantum networks have promising applications in the future. Small-world quantum networks have interesting properties, as the topology can be changed through entanglement exchange operations, leading to different percolation thresholds. Lower percolation thresholds indicate that quantum networks require less minimum resources for communication. This paper investigates entanglement distribution in small-world quantum networks, allowing nodes to communicate through entanglement swapping.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Ana Teresa Santos, Sandro Mendonca
Summary: Editors play a significant role in shaping the mission of journals and the direction of entire fields. However, the editorial phenomenon in the field of innovation studies has been underexplored. This study utilizes social network analysis to explore the structure and relationships among editors in seven top-tier innovation-oriented journals. The findings provide insights into the editorial infrastructure of the field and highlight the centrality of certain journals.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Zhenlong Xiao, Xin Wang, Ji Huang, Lin Hong
Summary: Knowledge synchronization in robot swarm systems is a challenging task under communication constraints. This study proposes a novel dynamic small-world network model to address this issue and demonstrates its effectiveness through simulation.
Article
Management
D. C. Evenden, S. C. Brailsford, C. M. Kipps, P. J. Roderick, B. Walsh
Summary: Dementia is a growing issue in aging societies. A novel hybrid simulation model combining population-level and patient-level perspectives was presented to calculate patient numbers and care costs over time. Results suggest that current interventions have limited effects at population level.
JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Tracey England, Daniel Gartner, Edward Ostler, Paul Harper, Doris Behrens, John Boulton, Dilwyn Bull, Claire Cordeaux, Ian Jenkins, Fiona Lindsay, Rhys Monk, Leanne Watkins
Summary: Hospital bed management is crucial for patient care, and a simulation model has been developed to mimic real-world bed management rules to improve efficiency. The study showed that accurately forecasting, using data and statistical distributions to predict patient length of stay, and applying generic bed management rules can correctly predict the short-term processes of a Trauma & Orthopaedic bed management system.
JOURNAL OF SIMULATION
(2021)
Article
Management
Edilson F. Arruda, Paul Harper, Tracey England, Daniel Gartner, Emma Aspland, Fabricio O. Ourique, Tom Crosby
Summary: This work proposes a novel framework for planning the capacity of diagnostic tests in cancer pathways by considering the aggregate demand of referrals from multiple cancer specialties. It includes an analytic tool that recursively assesses the overall daily demand and models the system as a perishable inventory problem, aiming to provide recommendations for aligning capacity and demand effectively and efficiently in cancer services. The case study demonstrates the applicability of the methods on lung cancer referrals from the UK's National Health Service.
IMA JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT MATHEMATICS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Tracey J. England, Paul R. Harper, Tom Crosby, Daniel Gartner, Edilson F. Arruda, Kieran G. Foley, Ian J. Williamson
Summary: A Discrete Event Simulation was used to analyze bottlenecks in lung cancer treatment pathways at two Welsh hospitals, revealing opportunities for improvement in patient outcomes.
TRANSLATIONAL LUNG CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Tracey England, Paul Harper, Tom Crosby, Daniel Gartner, Edilson F. Arruda, Kieran Foley, Ian Williamson
Summary: This study examines the lung cancer survival rates and diagnostic pathways in the United Kingdom, specifically focusing on Wales. The research demonstrates the potential to improve treatment outcomes by shortening the time from diagnosis to treatment through timely patient appointments and streamlined diagnostic testing strategies.
JOURNAL OF SIMULATION
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Elizabeth Williams, Daniel Gartner, Paul Harper
Summary: With an ageing population, there is an increased demand on public health services and long-term-care facilities. Many health services are faced with the complex problem of administering the best care for frail and elderly patients while managing limited resources. This paper focuses on literature concerning frail and elderly patient pathways in both hospital and community care settings using Operations Research and Management Science methods.
OPERATIONS RESEARCH FOR HEALTH CARE
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Syaribah Noor Brice, Justin J. Boutilier, Daniel Gartner, Paul Harper, Vincent Knight, Jen Lloyd, Aryono Djuned Pusponegoro, Asti Puspita Rini, Jonathan Turnbull-Ross, Mark Tuson
Summary: Pre-hospital and emergency services in Indonesia are still developing. This study explored the utilization of emergency medical services by patients attending hospital emergency departments in Jakarta. The results showed low utilization of ambulances, primarily due to patients' lack of awareness and knowledge about the service, as well as the high costs and long response times.
BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Management
Michalis Panayides, Vince Knight, Paul Harper
Summary: This research presents a 3-player game theoretic model for two queueing systems and a service that distributes individuals between them. The model explores the dynamics between all players and utilizes discrete event simulation and Markov chains for analysis. The study also examines the impact of time-target measures on patient well-being. The proposed model has applications in healthcare, particularly in understanding the behavior between Emergency Medical Service and Emergency Department.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Anwen Louise Cope, Christian Bannister, Anup Karki, Paul Harper, Michael Allen, Rhiannon Jones, Sarah Peddle, Brenda Walters, Ivor Gordon Chestnutt
Summary: The study analyzed data from dental practices in NHS GDS Wales using the ACORN stratification tool. Results showed that 'amber' and 'red' ACORN outcomes led to more treatment courses per year than 'green' outcomes, indicating an increased risk of dental issues.
JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Syaribah N. Brice, Paul R. Harper, Daniel Gartner, Doris A. Behrens
Summary: This paper presents a hybrid simulation modeling framework that captures both disease progression and related care pathways for depression. The framework quantifies demand, service capacities, and costs, and provides solutions for various scenarios.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Health Policy & Services
Geraint Ian Palmer, Paul Harper, Vincent Knight, Cathy Brooks
Summary: The Stay Well Plans are a new care programme for frail and elderly individuals in Newport, with a planned roll out across all counties serviced by Aneurin Bevan University Health Board. Data analysis and modelling have been used to predict the effects of the programme on the wider system, indicating a potential decrease in demand for residential care and an increase in demand for community care services.
Article
Health Policy & Services
Swapnil Gajendra Ghotane, Patric Don-Davis, David Kamara, Paul R. Harper, Stephen J. Challacombe, Jennifer E. Gallagher
Summary: The study reveals the significant workforce requirements needed to provide even basic oral health care to the population of Sierra Leone. There is a substantial gap between the current workforce and the oral health needs of the population, highlighting the need for urgent action. The study also illustrates the potential for utilizing contemporary epidemiological tools to predict dental treatment needs and guide workforce capacity building in low-income countries through various solutions involving mid-level providers and non-dental personnel.
HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH
(2021)
Review
Health Policy & Services
Syaribah Noor Brice, Paul Harper, Tom Crosby, Daniel Gartner, Edilson Arruda, Tracey England, Emma Aspland, Kieran Foley
Summary: This study aims to summarize the literature on cancer care pathways at the diagnostic and treatment phases. The research identified factors influencing the delivery of cancer care pathways, highlighted interrelated factors, found gaps in the literature, and summarized strategies and recommendations implemented in the studies. The study used a qualitative approach and developed a causal loop diagram to summarize the current literature on cancer care pathways.
JOURNAL OF HEALTH ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Health Policy & Services
Paul R. Harper, Joshua W. Moore, Thomas E. Woolley
Summary: An open-source model is provided to estimate the number of secondary Covid-19 infections caused by potentially infectious students returning from university to private homes. The prediction is that an infectious student would infect, on average, 0.94 other household members. The study also offers Matlab code and an online app for estimating secondary infections based on local parameters, with the aim of supporting policy making worldwide.
Article
Health Policy & Services
Ahmed Kheiri, Rhyd Lewis, Jonathan Thompson, Paul Harper
Summary: The study proposes an exact technique based on the partitioned graph colouring problem for constructing optimal master surgery schedules, aiming to minimize the number of cancellations. The results indicate that optimizing surgery schedules can increase the utilization of post-operative beds, reduce the number of cancellations, ultimately leading to shorter patient waiting times.
Review
Health Policy & Services
Emma Aspland, Daniel Gartner, Paul Harper
Summary: This study proposes a taxonomy of problems related to clinical pathways and explores the intersection between Information Systems, Operational Research, and industrial engineering. Findings suggest that future work should consider integrating industrial engineering with OR techniques to improve handling of multiple scopes and focus on patient outcomes. Achieving this would bridge the gap between OR, IS, and industrial engineering for clinical pathways to support decision making.
