Article
Immunology
Scott J. J. Dos Santos, Zahra Pakzad, Arianne Y. K. Albert, Chelsea N. N. Elwood, Kirsten Grabowska, Matthew G. G. Links, Jennifer A. A. Hutcheon, Evelyn J. J. Maan, Amee R. R. Manges, Tim J. J. Dumonceaux, Zoe G. Hodgson, Janet Lyons, Sheona M. M. Mitchell-Foster, Soren Gantt, K. S. Joseph, Julie E. E. Van Schalkwyk, Janet E. E. Hill, Deborah M. M. Money
Summary: Birth mode has a significant effect on the composition of neonatal gut microbiome within 10 days postpartum, but this effect is not influenced by maternal vaginal microbiome composition. There is no correlation between the vaginal and stool microbiome communities of newborns. Intrapartum antibiotic administration is associated with lower abundances of specific bacterial strains in infant stool.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yoowon Kwon, Young-Sun Cho, Yoo-Mi Lee, Seok-jin Kim, Jaewoong Bae, Su-Jin Jeong
Summary: This study evaluated the gut microbiome state in infants following systemic antibiotic treatment. The results showed that the composition of the gut microbiome in the antibiotic treatment group was altered, with increased relative abundance of Escherichia/Shigella and Bifidobacterium, and decreased relative abundance of Bacteroides. Additionally, the antibiotic treatment group had lower microbiome diversity. Long-term studies are needed to further understand the impact of antibiotics on the gut microbiome.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Thor Haahr, Tine Dalsgaard Clausen, Jonathan Thorsen, Morten A. Rasmussen, Martin S. Mortensen, Jenni Lehtimaki, Shiraz A. Shah, Mathis H. Hjelmso, Klaus Bonnelykke, Bo L. Chawes, Gisle Vestergaard, Bo Jacobsson, Per-Goran Larsson, Susanne Brix, Soren J. Sorensen, Hans Bisgaard, Jakob Stokholm
Summary: The study found that changes in vaginal microbiota during pregnancy correlated with bacterial vaginosis status and vaginal community state type. A novel vaginal dysbiosis score was developed and found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of emergency cesarean section.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Miriam Aguilar-Lopez, Andrew M. Dinsmoor, Thao T. B. Ho, Sharon M. Donovan
Summary: Factors such as postnatal age, mode of delivery, antibiotic use, and human milk consumption have been found to have an impact on the gut microbiota of preterm infants. Limited evidence exists for associations with race, sex, use of different fortifiers, macronutrients, and other medications. Further studies with rich metadata are needed to explore the impact of the preterm exposome on microbiota development in this high-risk population.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaoyu Chen, Yongyan Shi
Summary: Abnormal microbial colonization in the gut at an early stage of life can have short- and long-term adverse effects on growth, development, and health. The colonization patterns of preterm infants differ from those of full-term infants due to various factors such as maternal complications, antibiotic exposure, delivery mode, feeding type, and probiotic use. Understanding these potential determinants will aid in developing strategies for a healthy gut microbiota in preterm infants.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Eliska Pivrncova, Iva Kotaskova, Vojtech Thon
Summary: C-section and intrapartum antibiotic exposure affect the infant's gut microbiota by reducing the abundance of Bacteroidetes. Exclusive breastfeeding helps to restore Actinobacteria and Bifidobacteria.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuan Yao Chen, Hein M. Tun, Catherine J. Field, Piushkumar J. Mandhane, Theo J. Moraes, Elinor Simons, Stuart E. Turvey, Padmaja Subbarao, James A. Scott, Anita L. Kozyrskyj
Summary: A study on 1017 Canadian full-term infants revealed that cesarean section had a negative impact on infant gut SIgA levels, which was mediated through gut microbiota and metabolites. Additionally, breastfeeding status and milk metabolites also played a role in mediating this effect.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Runze Ouyang, Juan Ding, Yan Huang, Fujian Zheng, Sijia Zheng, Yaorui Ye, Qi Li, Xiaolin Wang, Xiao Ma, Yuxin Zou, Rong Chen, Zhihong Zhuo, Zhen Li, Qi Xin, Lina Zhou, Xin Lu, Zhigang Ren, Xinyu Liu, Petia Kovatcheva-Datchary, Guowang Xu
Summary: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining host wellbeing by producing various metabolites. The assembly of the gut microbiome is influenced by postnatal factors, but little is known about the development of the gut metabolome. Our study reveals that geography has a significant impact on microbiome dynamics in the first year of life, with major compositional differences observed between Chinese and Swedish cohorts. We found that lipid metabolism, especially acylcarnitines and bile acids, is the most abundant metabolic pathway in the newborn gut, and delivery mode and feeding contribute to differences in the gut metabolome since birth.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ryan Leung, Mihai Covasa
Summary: This article reviews the role of gut bacteria in taste perception and functions, and discusses how intestinal dysbiosis can alter taste preference and food consumption.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Brooke C. Wilson, Eadaoin M. Butler, Celia P. Grigg, Jose G. B. Derraik, Valentina Chiavaroli, Nicholas Walker, Suma Thampi, Christine Creagh, Abigail J. Reynolds, Tommi Vatanen, Justin M. O'Sullivan, Wayne S. Cutfield
Summary: Oral administration of maternal vaginal microbiota did not alter gut microbiome development in infants born by caesarean section; limited colonisation of maternal vaginal strains suggests other maternal sources, such as the perianal area, may play a larger role in seeding the neonatal gut microbiome.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Tomislav Mestrovic, Mario Matijasic, Mihaela Peric, Hana Cipcic Paljetak, Anja Baresic, Donatella Verbanac
Summary: The current research focuses on the relationship between gut microbiota and the development of bacteriuria and UTI, as well as the potential impact of vaginal dysbiosis and urinary microbiome perturbations on infections. Further research and exploration are needed to understand and potentially utilize these findings for the diagnosis and treatment of UTIs.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silvia Saturio, Alicja M. Nogacka, Marta Suarez, Nuria Fernandez, Laura Mantecon, Leonardo Mancabelli, Christian Milani, Marco Ventura, Clara G. De Los Reyes-Gavilan, Gonzalo Solis, Silvia Arboleya, Miguel Gueimonde
Summary: The establishment of the gut microbiota is influenced by factors such as gestational age, delivery mode, and infant feeding habits, leading to qualitative and quantitative changes in the bifidobacterial population. Understanding the impact of perinatal factors on the gut microbiota, especially at low taxonomic levels, is crucial for the development of rational strategies for promoting a healthy early microbiota development. The study provides insights for selecting the most suitable Bifidobacterium species for different groups of neonates and developing bifidobacteria-based products.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alessandra Pino, Agnese Maria Chiara Rapisarda, Amanda Vaccalluzzo, Rosamaria Roberta Sanfilippo, Maria Magdalena Coman, Raffaela Luisa Grimaldi, Cinzia Caggia, Cinzia Lucia Randazzo, Nunziatina Russo, Marco Marzio Panella, Antonio Cianci, Maria Cristina Verdenelli
Summary: This study aimed to assess the ability of the SYNBIO(R) probiotic combination, taken orally, to contribute to vaginal health. The results showed that daily oral intake of SYNBIO(R) probiotic capsules for 15 days significantly improved vaginal flora by increasing lactobacilli and decreasing enterococci, staphylococci, Gardnerella spp., and Candida spp. Additionally, the study found that SYNBIO(R) probiotic consumption had a significant improvement on symptoms such as leucorrhoea, itching, and vulvo-vaginal erythema/edema.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Zakia Boudar, Sofia Sehli, Sara El Janahi, Najib Al Idrissi, Salsabil Hamdi, Nouzha Dini, Hassan Brim, Saaid Amzazi, Chakib Nejjari, Michele Lloyd-Puryear, Hassan Ghazal
Summary: Early infancy is a crucial period for the development of an infant's gut microbiota. Various factors, such as maternal factors, antibiotic exposure, delivery mode, diet, and feeding type, can influence microbiota development during the pre- and postnatal periods. The use of omics approaches to explore the neonatal microbiome can enhance our understanding of the relationship between the microbiome and newborn diseases.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Sevda Zoghi, Amin Abbasi, Fatemah Sadeghpour Heravi, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Zeinab Nikniaz, Seyed Yaghoub Moaddab, Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo
Summary: This article discusses the association between the development of celiac disease and gut microbiota, the effects of infectious agents, especially the recent Covid-19 infection in celiac disease patients, and the efficacy of potential therapeutic approaches. Scientific literature suggests that microbiome-based therapy can improve the symptoms and quality of life of celiac disease patients, but the full potential of microbiota-based techniques requires further research.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Jennifer A. Munley, Lauren S. Kelly, Erick E. Pons, Kolenkode B. Kannan, Preston S. Coldwell, Elizabeth M. Whitley, Gwendolyn S. Gillies, Philip A. Efron, Ravinder Nagpal, Alicia M. Mohr
Summary: A study found that severe multicompartmental injuries and chronic stress can significantly alter the gut microbiome, resulting in an overabundance of pathogenic organisms. These changes persist for up to one week after the injury.
JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND ACUTE CARE SURGERY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Valerie E. Polcz, Evan L. Barrios, Benjamin Chapin, Catherine C. Price, Ravinder Nagpal, Paramita Chakrabarty, Gemma Casadesus, Thomas Foster, Lyle L. Moldawer, Philip A. Efron
Summary: Sexual dimorphisms exist in various domains, including learning, memory, neurocognitive diseases, and the immune system. Males are more susceptible to infection and have a higher risk of adverse outcomes. Sepsis remains a major global cause of morbidity and mortality, with over half of septic patients in intensive care experiencing sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). SAE is associated with increased short-term mortality risk and long-term cognitive impairment and neurocognitive disease. However, research on sexual dimorphisms in SAE is critically understudied, despite increasing knowledge in neurologic and immunologic systems.
Review
Oncology
Samradhi Singh, Poonam Sharma, Devojit Kumar Sarma, Manoj Kumawat, Rajnarayan Tiwari, Vinod Verma, Ravinder Nagpal, Manoj Kumar
Summary: Obesity is linked to a higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent studies indicate that imbalances in the gut microbiome, the diverse community of microorganisms in our gastrointestinal tract, may play a critical role in the obesity-CRC connection. Understanding the role of obesity and gut dysbiosis can help identify new approaches to prevent and treat CRC.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Saurabh Kadyan, Gwoncheol Park, Prashant Singh, Bahram Arjmandi, Ravinder Nagpal
Summary: Dietary pulses, such as beans and lentils, are a cost-effective and beneficial food choice for older adults due to their high fiber and protein content. This study investigates the prebiotic effects of pulses-derived resistant starches on the gut microbiome and intestinal health in aged mice, and finds that these starches modulate the gut microbiome in a sex-dependent manner. Additionally, the resistant starches reduce gut permeability and inflammation, and promote the production of short-chain fatty acids, indicating their potential as functional food and nutritional applications.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samradhi Singh, Devojit Kumar Sarma, Vinod Verma, Ravinder Nagpal, Manoj Kumar
Summary: Personalized medicine utilizing omics approaches has the potential to treat metabolic disorders. By analyzing various data from patients, doctors can identify diagnostic and predictive biomarkers and develop individualized treatment plans. Incorporating advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning enables data consolidation for decision-making and the establishment of ethical protocols.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ronald J. Bouch, Jing Zhang, Brandi C. Miller, Caroline J. Robbins, Timothy H. Mosher, Wencheng Li, Sergey A. Krupenko, Ravinder Nagpal, Jun Zhao, Richard S. Bloomfeld, Yong Lu, Mikhail A. Nikiforov, Qianqian Song, Zhiheng He
Summary: Th17 cells play a critical role in both tissue homeostasis and inflammation during clearance of infections as well as autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. In this study, the researchers identified two distinct subsets within the inflammatory Th17 compartment with different regulatory mechanisms. They also demonstrated the selectivity of the drug clofazimine (CLF) in inhibiting proautoimmune Th17 cells while preserving infection-elicited Th17 cells. This study highlights the feasibility of developing disease-promoting Th17 selective inhibitors for treating autoimmune diseases.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Jennifer A. Munley, Lauren S. Kelly, Gwoncheol Park, Gwendolyn S. Gillies, Erick E. Pons, Kolenkode B. Kannan, Letitia E. Bible, Philip A. Efron, Ravinder Nagpal, Alicia M. Mohr
Summary: This study found that there are sex-specific differences in the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome after severe trauma, regardless of the presence of stress. These differences persist for at least 7 days post-injury. These findings highlight the importance of sex as a biological variable in the host response and outcomes after severe trauma and critical illness.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ines Ellouze, Julia Sheffler, Ravinder Nagpal, Bahram Arjmandi
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a concern for the aging population and prevention is a key focus due to the lack of cure or reliable treatments. Various dietary patterns, including the Mediterranean, DASH, MIND, ketogenic, and modified Mediterranean-ketogenic diets, have been studied for their preventive effects on AD and related dementia. Plant-based dietary patterns have consistently shown positive correlation with preventing and reducing the odds of ADRD. These patterns not only directly impact the brain but also indirectly reduce the effects of risk factors through decreasing diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Psychosocial factors, such as social connection, also play a role in dietary intake and ADRD risk.
Review
Microbiology
Jennifer A. Munley, Stacey L. Kirkpatrick, Gwendolyn S. Gillies, Letitia E. Bible, Philip A. Efron, Ravinder Nagpal, Alicia M. Mohr
Summary: The intestinal microbiome is crucial for immune function and homeostasis in the host. Studies on patients and models of traumatic injuries have shown that trauma leads to dysregulation of immune function, systemic inflammation, and alterations in gut microbiome diversity and composition, possibly transitioning to a pathobiome state. Sex has also been identified as a variable influencing microbiome alterations after trauma. Therapies such as fecal transplantation have been used to mitigate these changes and aid in post-injury recovery.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Basavaprabhu Haranahalli Nataraj, B. G. Shashank Gowda, Suman Kapila, Sumit Arora, Anil Kumar Puniya, Ravinder Nagpal, Pradip V. Behare
Summary: The prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia is a global issue, and improving iron bioavailability is a significant challenge in addressing this problem. This study explores the iron chelation mechanism of EPSKar1 and demonstrates its potential in enhancing iron bioaccessibility and bioavailability. In both cell culture and an anaemic rat model, the EPSKar1-iron complex successfully restored blood haemoglobin levels and improved iron uptake without adverse effects. These findings highlight the nutraceutical potential of the EPSKar1-iron complex in tackling iron deficiency anaemia.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Manorama Kumari, Rolly Kumari, Basavaprabhu Haranahalli Nataraj, Prashant Ashok Shelke, Syed Azmal Ali, Ravinder Nagpal, Pradip Behare
Summary: Iron is essential for human health, and iron fortification is a promising solution for combating iron-deficiency anemia. This study investigates the physical and chemical properties of a new exopolysaccharide called EPSKar1 and its iron complex EPSKar1-Fe (II). The findings demonstrate that EPSKar1 is a high molecular-weight heteropolysaccharide with strong emulsifying and water-holding capacities. EPSKar1 forms stable complexes with iron and exhibits beneficial rheological properties for food applications. Overall, EPSKar1-Fe (II) complex shows great potential as a novel iron fortifier.
CURRENT RESEARCH IN FOOD SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ann M. Centner, Leila Khalili, Vladimir Ukhanov, Saurabh Kadyan, Ravinder Nagpal, Gloria Salazar
Summary: Alterations in the gut microbiome are associated with various chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease. The diet plays a crucial role in shaping the gut microbiome, as certain foods can affect the abundance of specific microbial populations. Negative changes in the gut microbiome due to a Western diet can lead to arterial inflammation, cell phenotype changes, and plaque accumulation in the arteries. However, interventions with whole foods rich in fiber, phytochemicals, and isolated compounds such as polyphenols and medicinal plants have shown promise in positively influencing the gut microbiome and reducing atherosclerosis.
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
Jennifer Munley, Lauren Kelly, Gwendolyn Gillies, Erick Pons, Preston Coldwell, Kolenkode Kannan, Philip Efron, Ravinder Nagpal, Alicia Mohr
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Basavaprabhu Haranahalli Nataraj, Manorama Kumari, Ravinder Nagpal, Syed Azmal Ali, Pradip V. Behare
Summary: This study evaluated the safety of an indigenous probiotic strain, Limosilactobacillus fermentum NCDC 400, using both in silico and in vitro approaches. The results show that NCDC 400 does not possess potential antibiotic-resistance or virulence genes, lacks harmful metabolites or enzymes, and does not exhibit harmful phenotypes. In addition, it is sensitive to human serum and antibiotics and shows no cytotoxicity to Caco-2 cells.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Samradhi Singh, Devojit Kumar Sarma, Vinod Verma, Ravinder Nagpal, Manoj Kumar
Summary: The skeletal system plays multiple roles in the body, such as providing support, facilitating movement, and protecting organs. It also acts as a reservoir for essential minerals. The complex interactions between bone cells are crucial for maintaining bone homeostasis. However, various factors, including genetics, aging, diet, lifestyle, gut microbiome, and environmental toxins, can disrupt bone health and lead to bone disorders. Our understanding of the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the interactions between environmental factors and host elements that affect bone health is still limited.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2023)
