Review
Oncology
Sepideh Nikfarjam, Krishna K. Singh
Summary: DNA damage response (DDR) signaling is crucial for maintaining genomic and proteomic homeostasis and dysregulation in DDR pathways is associated with various pathophysiological states, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review comprehensively discusses different DDR pathways, the cross talk among DDR mechanisms, the role of DDR in cancer and CVDs, the similarities and differences between DDR in cancer and CVDs, the role of DDR in the pathophysiology of CVDs, interventional strategies for targeting genomic instability in CVDs, and future perspectives.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dimitra T. Stefanou, Marousa Kouvela, Dimitris Stellas, Konstantinos Voutetakis, Olga Papadodima, Konstantinos Syrigos, Vassilis L. Souliotis
Summary: The deregulated DNA damage response network is associated with the onset and progression of lung cancer. This study found that lung cancer patients have higher levels of endogenous DNA damage, which may be caused by oxidative stress and defective DNA repair mechanisms. The findings suggest that oxidative stress and DDR-related aberrations contribute to the accumulation of endogenous DNA damage in lung cancer patients.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Manoswini Chakrabarti, Anita Mukherjee
Summary: This study evaluated the Cd-induced adaptive response in plants to mitigate the genotoxicity of EMS. Priming plants with Cd decreased the genotoxicity of EMS and the adaptive response was evident in cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and biochemical parameters. The involvement of metabolic pathways and epigenetic modifications in AR was investigated, showing the contribution of DNA hypermethylation.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dana Jurkovicova, Christiana M. Neophytou, Ana Cipak Gasparovic, Ana Cristina Goncalves
Summary: Resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy is a common occurrence in cancer patients, necessitating the continuous investigation and development of new cancer therapies. The DNA damage response (DDR) plays a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability, but defects in DDR machinery are associated with different types of cancers. Current developments include the use of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARP inhibitors) as DDR inhibitors (DDRi) for various cancers. However, resistance to DDRi, including PARP inhibitors, is becoming a growing concern in clinical settings. This review highlights the importance of DDR pathways in cancer therapy, its role in treatment resistance, and its potential for anticancer treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Kashmira Bane, Junita Desouza, Diksha Shetty, Prakash Choudhary, Shalaka Kadam, R. R. Katkam, Gwendolyn Fernandes, Raj Sawant, Uddhavraj Dudhedia, Neeta Warty, Anahita Chauhan, Uddhav Chaudhari, Rahul Gajbhiye, Geetanjali Sachdeva
Summary: The study indicates that the DNA damage response is dysregulated in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis, with higher expression of DDR genes compared to those without the disease. Additionally, DNA repair genes are also up-regulated in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Biology
Yusuf Kucukbagriacik, Mohammadreza Dastouri, Elcin Ozgur-Buyukatalay, Ozen Akarca Dizakar, Korkut Yegin
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether exposure to non-ionizing radiofrequency fields could induce an adaptive response in adult mice and to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms. The findings of the study suggest that exposure to 900 MHz GSM signal can trigger an adaptive response in the RB group. The increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play a crucial role in triggering this response, along with the increase in the expression of genes involved in the DNA repair mechanism. The study highlights the protective reaction against bleomycin induced by RF radiation and the role of minimal oxidative stress in enabling the survival of cells through an adaptive response.
ELECTROMAGNETIC BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rachel A. Caston, Paola Fortini, Kevin Chen, Jack Bauer, Eugenia Dogliotti, Y. Whitney Yin, Bruce Demple
Summary: After cellular differentiation, the expression of Fen1 and DNA2, which are involved in repairing mitochondrial DNA, decreases, while MGME1 and ExoG show minimal changes. Neuronal cells maintain mitochondrial DNA repair upon differentiation, relying on mitochondria-specific enzymes for BER.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Cole Petrilla, Joshua Galloway, Ruchi Kudalkar, Aya Ismael, Francesca Cottini
Summary: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by genetic abnormalities that affect the DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair mechanisms. The altered DDR in MM promotes tumor development, progression, and resistance to therapies. Treatments used for MM patients can induce DNA damage, highlighting the potential for targeting DDR mechanisms as new therapeutic opportunities.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mi Ae Kang, Jong-Soo Lee
Summary: CTCF, a highly conserved multifunctional DNA-binding protein with 11 zinc fingers, plays crucial roles in diverse genomic processes such as transcriptional regulation, insulation, genome imprinting, and maintenance of genome organization. Recent findings reveal that CTCF is involved in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair through homologous recombination (HR), facilitating accurate restoration of broken DNA sequences. Understanding the functional crosstalks between CTCF and other HR factors may shed light on the molecular basis of various human diseases and the diverse functions of CTCF in genome biology.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Yongxin Li, Yan Tong, Jiaqi Liu, Jianlin Lou
Summary: DNA is crucial for organism development and function. MiRNA, a type of non-coding RNA, may play an important role in the DNA damage response by influencing processes like cell cycle, DNA repair, and apoptosis, thereby impacting genomic stability and tumorigenesis.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Miriam J. Kavec, Marketa Urbanova, Pavol Makovicky, Alena Opattova, Kristyna Tomasova, Michal Kroupa, Klara Kostovcikova, Anna Siskova, Nazila Navvabi, Michaela Schneiderova, Veronika Vymetalkova, Ludmila Vodickova, Pavel Vodicka
Summary: Oxidative stress, oxidative DNA damage, and its repair are closely related to the development of colorectal cancer, but cannot solely explain the onset of sporadic colorectal cancer. Other factors, especially the microenvironment, need further investigation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Theodora Manolakou, Panayotis Verginis, Dimitrios T. Boumpas
Summary: Cells have molecular responses to threats against the genome, with DNA damage response mechanisms activated in response to genotoxic agents. Immune cells have also evolved as a defense against infections, with aberrant DDR potentially leading to autoimmunity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Sha Luo, Ruolin Qiao, Xuefei Zhang
Summary: The diversification of antibodies in adaptive immunity relies on the proper repair of DNA damage and double-strand breaks, which are initiated by recombination and cytidine deaminase. Understanding the mechanism of DNA damage repair is crucial for promoting antibody diversification.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elle E. M. Scheijen, Sven Hendrix, David M. Wilson
Summary: Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in spinal cord injury (SCI), causing damage to proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, cytoskeleton, and organelles. Oxidative DNA damage is likely a major contributor to the pathogenesis of SCI, although the evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited. Improved analysis methods are needed to uncover the role of DNA damage and repair in SCI.
Article
Cell Biology
Wei Zhao, Zhongjie Liu, Jiaming Luo, Changqing Ma, Luying Lai, Zhengyuan Xia, Shiyuan Xu
Summary: The study indicates that PARP-1 plays a key role in repairing oxidative DNA damage induced by bupivacaine, with interactions with XPD protein contributing to DNA integrity maintenance.