REVISION OF CLINIODES GUENEE (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE: ODONTIINAE)

Cliniodes Guenee, 1854, is revised to include 28 species of predominantly Neotropical distribution. The genus is found to be monophyletic in a phylogenetic analysis of all Odontiinae known to feed as larvae on Thymelaeaceae, and diagnoses of taxa are derived from the cladistic results. Heortia Lederer, 1863, and Mabilleodes Marion and Viette, 1956, are reviewed, and the following species are transferred to Heortia, Mabilleodes, Viettessa Minet, 1980, and Hemiscopis Warren, 1890: Heortia flavispila (Hampson, 1913a), new combination (from Epipagis Hubner); Heortia ocellata (Hampson, 1916), new combination (from Epipagis); Heortia plumbatalis (Zeller, 1852), new combination (from Laxostege Hubner); Heortia iospora (Meyrick, 1936), new combination (from Hapalia), and its synonym, Heortia pyrographa (Meyrick, 1937), new combination (from Hapalia Hubner); Mabilleodes kenrickalis (Marion and Viette, 1956), new combination (from Tegostoma Zeller); Mabilleodes catalalis (Viette, 1953a: I36), new combination (from Mecyna Doubleday); Mabilleodes lithosialis (Hampson, 1899b), new combination (from Pyrausta Schrank); Viettessa villiersi (Marion, 1957), new combination (from Noorda Walker); and Hemiscopis purpurea (Inoue, 1982), new combination (from Clupeosoma Snellen). Mabilleodes alacralis, new name, is proposed as a replacement name for Mabilleodes catalalis Marion and Viette, 1956. Within Cliniodes, three subgenera and certain subordinate species-groups are diagnosed based on a phylogenetic analysis of maculation, genitalia, and external morphology of imagines. Procliniodes, new subgenus, is proposed, and Metrea Grote, 1882, new rank, is revised as a subgenus of Cliniodes. Three described species are synonymized with Cliniodes euphrosinalis Moschler, 1886: Cliniodes cyllarusalis Druce, 1895, new synonym; C. nomadalis Dyar, 1912, new synonym; and C. paucilinealis Snellen, 1895, new synonym. Cliniodes mossalis Dyar, 1914, new synonym, is synonymized with Cliniodes underwoodi Druce, 1899. Ten species are newly described: Cliniodes additalis, new species; C. beckeralis, new species; C. festivalis, new species; C. inferalis, new species; C. insignialis, new species; C. iopolia, new species; C. mellalis, new species; C. muralis, new species; C. opertalis, new species; and C. subflavescens, new species. Lectotypes, paralectotypes, and a neotype for C.. saburralis Guenee, 1854, are designated. Reconciled tree analysis supports the hypothesis that the type localities of C. semilunalis Moschler, 1890, and C. latipennis Munroe, 1964, are erroneous and that the species are restricted to southern and central Brazil. The same analysis predicts that new distribution records will be most abundant in southern Brazil, the northern Andes, and tropical Mexico.