Article
Entomology
Victor C. Mastro, A. Steve Munson, Baode Wang, Tamara Freyman, Leland M. Humble, David Coyle
Summary: Changes in grain trading between Russian Far Eastern ports and North America in the late 1980s and early 1990s introduced the Asian gypsy moth (AGM) and a new pathway for its transport. A multi-layered monitoring and inspection program was developed to mitigate the risk of introduction, involving risk assessments, AGM monitoring in foreign and domestic ports, vessel cleaning and certification, surveillance, and eradication efforts. This program is characterized by its complexity and coordinated efforts of various organizations and industries.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Entomology
Victor C. Mastro, A. Steve Munson, Baode Wang, Tamara Freyman, Leland M. Humble
Summary: Changes in grain trading between Russian Far Eastern ports and North America in the late 1980s and early 1990s led to the introduction of the Asian gypsy moth (AGM) and the establishment of a new pathway for its transport. A multi-layered monitoring and inspection program was implemented to mitigate the risk of introducing AGM to North America, involving risk assessments, AGM monitoring, vessel cleaning and certification, surveillance, and eradication efforts. The complexity of this program lies in the coordinated efforts of various organizations and industries to prevent the establishment of AGM populations.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Biology
Veronika C. Beeck, Gunnar Heilmann, Michael Kerscher, Angela S. Stoeger
Summary: The study reveals how Asian elephants produce species-specific squeaks through closed-mouth lip vibration. The acoustic and temporal parameters exhibit high variability, enabling individual but not call-subtype classification. The findings suggest that squeak production involves social learning and offers insights into vocal and cognitive flexibility in mammals.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Halina Cernohorska, Svatava Kubickova, Petra Musilova, Miluse Vozdova, Roman Vodicka, Jiri Rubes
Summary: This study analyzed a supernumerary marker chromosome in Asian elephants using molecular cytogenetic techniques and proposed its possible origin mechanism. It also explored the relationship between the distribution of nucleolar organizer regions and heterochromatin in elephants.
Article
Microbiology
Tingbei Bo, He Liu, Min Liu, Qiyong Liu, Qingduo Li, Yipeng Cong, Yi Luo, Yuqi Wang, Bo Yu, Tianchun Pu, Lu Wang, Zheng Wang, Dehua Wang
Summary: This study found that the ingestion of inulin can treat colic in elephants and alter the gut microbiota. It was further observed that inulin microbiota from post-treatment elephants can promote intestinal cell proliferation, increase the utilization of short chain fatty acids, maintain intestinal barrier, and reduce inflammation. The mechanism involved inulin-gut microbiota-short chain fatty acids-immune barrier.
Article
Virology
Tabitha E. Hoornweg, Willem Schaftenaar, Gilles Maurer, Petra B. van den Doel, Fieke M. Molenaar, Alexandre Chamouard-Galante, Francis Vercammen, Victor P. M. G. Rutten, Cornelis A. M. de Haan
Summary: The study suggests that essentially all (semi-)captive (sub)adult elephants in European zoos and in Laos carry EEHV, and that young elephants with low antibody levels are at risk of dying from EEHV-HD.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Anna Stachurska, Witold Kedzierski, Beata Kaczmarek, Anna Wisniewska, Beata Zylinska, Iwona Janczarek
Summary: Apart from sexual behavior, little is known about the rhythmicity of many physiological and behavioral traits during the oestrous cycle. This study aimed to examine changes in cardiac activity variables, temperatures, behavior, and activity level in mares during their oestrous cycle. The results showed that physiological variables were higher during oestrus than dioestrus, while behavior towards humans and other horses was better during oestrus. This knowledge can be beneficial for mare owners who solely rely on sexual behaviors to evaluate oestrus.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Taiana Costa, Guido Rocchigiani, Flavia Zendri, Gabby Drake, Javier Lopez, Julian Chantrey, Emanuele Ricci
Summary: This case report highlights the importance of considering both elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus hemorrhagic disease (EEHV-HD) and clostridial enterotoxemia as potential differential diagnoses in cases of widespread tissue necrosis and internal hemorrhage in elephants. The report describes a fatal co-infection of Clostridium perfringens type C and EEHV-HD caused by EEHV4 in an adult female Asian elephant. Both diseases share macroscopic similarities and frequently co-occur in captive Asian elephant populations.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Thunyamas Guntawang, Tidaratt Sittisak, Saralee Srivorakul, Kornravee Photichai, Pisinee Aiumurai, Chatchote Thitaram, Nattawooti Sthitmatee, Wei-Li Hsu, Nitat Sookrung, Kidsadagon Pringproa
Summary: An immunochromatographic strip test for rapid detection of Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) was developed, which can be used in resource-limited environments.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jia Li, Long Zhang
Summary: The Asian corn borer is a serious pest that affects corn crops in East Asia. This study provides a summary of the current understanding of the olfactory mechanism in this pest, focusing on sex pheromones and olfactory proteins. It highlights the importance of molecular events in odor detection and transmission and suggests further research to fully comprehend the olfactory activities and functions of these proteins.
ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Developmental Biology
Lena Lindh, Mariusz P. Kowalewski, Anne-Rose Guenzel-Apel, Sandra Goericke-Pesch, Vesa Myllys, Gerhard Schuler, Merja Dahlbom, Heli Lindeberg, Olli A. T. Peltoniemi
Summary: This study provides updated insights into the accurate staging of the sexual cycle by examining clinical, endocrinological, and vagino-cytological parameters, as well as the histomorphology of ovarian and uterine tissue samples.
REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Jian-yu Deng, Chen-yi-hang Lan, Jun-xiang Zhou, Yu-bo Yao, Xiao-hui Yin, Kai-yun Fu, Xin-hua Ding, Wen-chao Guo, Wen Liu, Na Wang, Fumin Wang
Summary: This study investigated the sex pheromone system of the Asian corn borer (ACB) in Xinjiang, China and found that the proportions of the three pheromone compounds produced by female ACB varied geographically. Trapping experiments showed that deploying the pheromone compounds close to their gland ratios resulted in the highest capture of male ACB. This characterization of the local ACB pheromone system provides valuable information for optimizing pest control strategies in Xinjiang.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sonia A. Jesus, Marcus G. Doherr, Thomas B. Hildebrandt
Summary: EEHV is a prevalent virus that can be fatal to young elephants, with potential correlation to genetics and zoo-related factors. Factors such as paternal and maternal influence, as well as environmental management practices, may play a role in determining calf susceptibility to EEHV-HD.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Shirley Osorio, Jeny Soto, Dennis Schmitt, Wendy Kiso, Carolyn Cray
Summary: Serum protein electrophoresis is useful in diagnostic workup, wellness exams, and prognosis. Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), a newer method, can accurately determine beta fractions and albumin levels. CZE also correlates with acute phase proteins and immunoglobulins, making it a valuable adjunct tool in patient monitoring.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Francisco A. Garcia-Vazquez, Carla Moros-Nicolas, Rebeca Lopez-Ubeda, Ernesto Rodriguez-Tobon, Ascension Guillen-Martinez, Jason W. Ross, Chiara Luongo, Carmen Matas, Ivan Hernandez-Caravaca, Manuel Aviles, Ma Jose Izquierdo-Rico
Summary: Haptoglobin expression varies in the porcine oviduct and uterus during different stages of the estrous cycle, with the highest levels observed in the late luteal stage. The addition of haptoglobin during in vitro embryo production improved blastocyst development rates, suggesting a potential role in enhancing reproduction outcomes.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Anocha Poommouang, Promporn Piboon, Kittisak Buddhachat, Janine L. Brown, Wannapimol Kriangwanich, Siriwadee Chomdej, Jatupol Kampuansai, Supamit Mekchay, Patcharaporn Kaewmong, Kongkiat Kittiwattanawong, Korakot Nganvongpanit
Summary: By analyzing the genetic diversity and population structure of dugongs in Thai waters, this study found that dugongs in the Andaman Sea had higher genetic variation than those in the Gulf of Thailand. Populations in Trang, Satun, and some areas of Krabi had the highest diversity compared to other regions. Bayesian genetic clustering analysis revealed that dugongs in Thailand consist of five genetic groups. However, dugong populations in the Sea of Thailand are experiencing some levels of inbreeding and may warrant special protections.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Martin W. Seltmann, John Jackson, Emily Lynch, Janine L. Brown, Win Htut, Mirkka Lahdenpera, Virpi Lummaa
Summary: Social behavior has significant effects on individual physiological function among elephants, with different effects observed for males and females and in different work group compositions.
GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sharon S. Glaeser, Katie L. Edwards, Stephen Paris, Candace Scarlata, Bob Lee, Nadja Wielebnowski, Shawn Finnell, Chaleamchat Somgird, Janine L. Brown
Summary: This study monitored and researched the hormone levels of four adult Asian elephant bulls in relation to musth. The results showed that testosterone and cortisol in the elephants were positively correlated with musth, and testosterone decreased with age in sexually mature bulls. The study also found that social changes did not impact hormone activity in the short term, but there were associations between cortisol changes and clinical treatment.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Promporn Piboon, Napat Kriengsakpichit, Anocha Poommouang, Kittisak Buddhachat, Janine L. Brown, Jatupol Kampuansai, Siriwadee Chomdej, Patcharaporn Kaewmong, Kongkiat Kittiwattanawong, Korakot Nganvongpanit
Summary: This study investigated the genetic relationships and diversity of cetaceans in Thai waters. Unique mitochondrial DNA haplotypes were found for the four species studied. The results showed high levels of haplotype diversity among the species, with the Indo Pacific finless porpoise having the lowest nucleotide diversity. Bayesian Skyline Reconstruction revealed an expansion of the effective female population size in three of the species. The findings suggest the need for closer attention and monitoring of these cetacean populations in order to aid conservation efforts.
Article
Zoology
Ashley N. Edes, Janine L. Brown, Katie L. Edwards
Summary: This study analyzed 16 biomarkers in zoo-housed chimpanzees and bonobos and found that some biomarkers were associated with all-cause morbidity, cardiac disease, and mortality risk. However, there were inconsistencies between different data sets, highlighting the need for further research on individual and species variation in biomarkers and their contribution to health risks.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Wareerat Prasitwiset, Chutima Wongfu, Anocha Poommouang, Kittisak Buddhachat, Janine L. L. Brown, Siriwadee Chomdej, Jatupol Kampuansai, Patcharaporn Kaewmong, Kongkiat Kittiwattanawong, Korakot Nganvongpanit, Promporn Piboon
Summary: This study investigated the genetic diversity, population structure, and demographics of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins in Thai waters. The results revealed some degree of inbreeding, the presence of two genetic clusters, and the identification of unique haplotypes from the Australian and Indian Oceans.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jarawee Supanta, Janine L. Brown, Pakkanut Bansiddhi, Chatchote Thitaram, Veerasak Punyapornwithaya, Jaruwan Khonmee
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the tourism industry in Thailand, leading to management changes in elephant tourist camps. Survey results show significant changes in camp structure, elephant work activities, and general care. The crisis has greatly altered elephant management, potentially affecting animal welfare and care.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Tessa Steiniche, Steffen Foerster, Kurt E. White, Steven Monfort, Janine L. Brown, Shahrina Chowdhury, Larissa Swedell
Summary: By studying the variations in hormone and behavior during the ovarian cycle in wild female chacma baboons, it was found that conception is associated with higher levels of estradiol and cortisol during the follicular phase. There is no difference in progesterone between conceptive and nonconceptive cycles. The study also suggests that elevated cortisol may play an adaptive role in mobilizing energy during sexually receptive periods of ovarian cycling.
HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Natalia A. Prado, Ellie E. Armstrong, Janine L. Brown, Shifra Z. Goldenberg, Peter Leimgruber, Virginia R. Pearson, Jesus E. Maldonado, Michael G. Campana
Summary: We provide novel genomic resources for understanding elephant health and aiding conservation efforts. We sequenced 11 elephant genomes and estimated germline mutation rates. We also developed a genotyping assay suitable for analyzing degraded samples, such as feces and hair. These resources will allow for more detailed studies and support elephant conservation and disease research in the future.
JOURNAL OF HEREDITY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jaruwan Khonmee, Janine L. Brown, Anabel Lopez Perez, Teepakorn Lertwichaikul, Anucha Sathanawongs, Patchara Pornnimitra, Chanakan Areewong, Jarawee Supanta, Veerasak Punyapornwithaya, Songphon Buddhasiri, Khanittha Punturee
Summary: The Bengal tiger is critically endangered, so artificial insemination is an important conservation tool. This study examined the effects of different voltage electroejaculation protocols on semen quality and animal wellbeing in Bengal tigers. The results suggest that the medium voltage protocol produces good quality samples with lower muscle damage, which is better for animal welfare.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Worapong Kosaruk, Janine L. Brown, Patcharapa Towiboon, Veerasak Punyapornwithaya, Kidsadagon Pringproa, Chatchote Thitaram
Summary: This study examined the effects of age, sex, sampling season, and disease factors on various serum oxidative status markers and stress biomarker in captive Asian elephants in Thailand. Age and season were found to have an influence on several biomarkers, while sex did not. Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus hemorrhagic disease was associated with significant changes in oxidative stress markers.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Aamer Sohel Khan, Janine L. Brown, Vinod Kumar, Govindhaswamy Umapathy, Nagarajan Baskaran
Summary: Red pandas are endangered and zoos worldwide are working on captive breeding programs to conserve the species. However, limited information on the physiology of captive red pandas hampers these efforts. This study measured hormone concentrations in captive red pandas and found that factors such as social time, visitor numbers, nest numbers, feeding frequency, log density, and enclosure area influenced hormone levels. The study suggests that more frequent feedings and controlled visitor numbers can have positive effects on red panda welfare.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Rachawadee Chantra, Korakot Nganvongpanit, Patcharaporn Yaowasooth, Surasak Thongsukdee, Kongkiat Kitiwatthanawong, Cholawit Thongcharoenchaikit, Janine L. Brown, Promporn Piboon
Summary: On September 5, 2022, a dead baleen whale was found stranded at Laem Phak Bia, Phetchaburi, in the Gulf of Thailand, Thailand. It was initially suspected to be Omura's whale but was later identified as a common minke whale through genetic analysis. This finding extends our knowledge on the distribution of the common minke whale and emphasizes the need for more active surveys of cetaceans in the South China Sea.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Patcharapa Towiboon, Kanokporn Saenphet, Chatchai Tayapiwattana, Siriwan Tangyuenyong, Gen Watanabe, Sittidet Mahasawangkul, Janine L. Brown, Chatchote Thitaram
Summary: This study examined the relationships among serum progestagens, cortisol, and prolactin in pregnant and normal cycling Asian elephants in northern Thailand. The results showed that prolactin concentrations increased during gestation and serum progestagens were positively related to cortisol in cycling elephants.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Siripat Khammesri, Chadarat Ampasavate, Darunee Hongwiset, Raktham Mektrirat, Siriluk Sangsrijan, Janine L. Brown, Chatchote Thitaram
Summary: The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of acyclovir were studied in Asian elephants. The results showed that intravenous administration of acyclovir resulted in higher plasma concentrations than the half-maximal inhibitory concentration for herpes simplex virus and equid alpha herpesvirus-1, while oral administration had low bioavailability. Therefore, dosage adjustment or increasing the oral dose may be necessary for treating elephant calves infected with elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus hemorrhagic disease.
VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)