Article
Neurosciences
Alma S. Halgren, Zarek Siegel, Ryan Golden, Maxim Bazhenov
Summary: Cortical stimulation is a useful tool for research and treatment of neuro-psychiatric conditions, but the lack of predictive models makes it difficult to control the induced physiological patterns. This study uses a hybrid model to understand how cortical surface stimulation can induce traveling waves through asymmetrical activation of inhibitory interneurons. The results show that asymmetric electrical stimulation can easily facilitate traveling waves by relying on the activation of different types of inhibitory interneurons.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
T. Uchida, T. Kubota, R. Tanabe, K. Yamazaki, K. Gohara
Summary: The study demonstrates that xenon gas can suppress synchronized bursting and signal transmission between neurons cultured on a multi-electrode array. This suppression is likely due to the simultaneous inhibition of multiple points of action by xenon, leading to a decrease in the apparent number of active neurons contributing to the neuronal network.
Article
Neurosciences
Taekjun Kim, Wyeth Bair, Anitha Pasupathy
Summary: Through studying macaque monkeys, we found that different texture attributes show different temporal dynamics in the responses of V4 neurons, with slower response modulation for directionality and regularity, and faster response modulation for coarseness and contrast. Texture-selective neuron populations can be classified into clusters based on combinations of feature dimensions, and these subpopulations exhibit distinct temporal dynamics associated with weighted combinations of multiple features.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Xiang-feng Wang, Qin Lin, Guan-hui Wang, Gen-ming Zhan, Wei Liu, Zhi-wei Lin
Summary: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common problem for older patients after anesthesia and surgery. This study established an animal model for POCD and found that acupuncture stimulation can improve postoperative cognitive function by reducing inflammation response and neuron impairment in the hippocampus.
MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Peng Teng, Yangping Li, Li Ku, Feng Wang, David R. Goldsmith, Zhexing Wen, Bing Yao, Yue Feng
Summary: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have diverse roles in regulating brain gene networks and abnormalities in lncRNAs are implicated in the complex etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. The lncRNA gene GOMAFU is dysregulated in postmortem schizophrenic brains and has genetic variants associated with schizophrenia risk. This study reveals that GOMAFU suppresses neuronal interferon response pathways that are hyperactive in postmortem schizophrenia brains. Furthermore, GOMAFU deficiency leads to dysregulation of pathways commonly affected in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder, particularly upregulation of genes in the interferon signaling pathway.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Li Wang, Tao Wang, Shuangquan Wen, Ruilong Song, Hui Zou, Jianhong Gu, Xuezhong Liu, Jianchun Bian, Zongping Liu, Yan Yuan
Summary: This study aimed to elucidate the protective mechanism of Puerarin (Pue) in alleviating Cd-induced injury in rat cerebral cortical neurons by targeting autophagy. The results showed that Pue alleviated Cd-induced injury by activating autophagy and relieving autophagosome-lysosome fusion dysfunction and lysosomal degradation dysfunction. Pue also alleviated the inhibition of key proteins involved in autophagosome-lysosome fusion and lysosome-related proteins.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Antonela Petrovic, Jelena Ban, Ivana Tomljanovic, Marta Pongrac, Matea Ivanicic, Sanja Mikasinovic, Miranda Mladinic
Summary: Researchers have successfully established and characterized primary dissociated neuronal cultures derived from the cortex of gray South American short-tailed opossums, which can survive for over a month. They also established mixed cultures including RGCs, as well as cultures composed of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Polina E. Nedoboy, Callum B. Houlahan, Melissa M. J. Farnham
Summary: This study found that the glucose response to intermittent hypoxia in anesthetized rats is suppressed compared to conscious rats. It suggests that pentobarbital anesthesia is unsuitable for investigating glycemic response pathways to intermittent hypoxia in rats.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yangyang Zheng, Zhehao Huang, Jinying Xu, Kun Hou, Yifei Yu, Shuang Lv, Lin Chen, Yulin Li, Chengshi Quan, Guangfan Chi
Summary: The study identified miR-124 and three small molecules as regulators for converting rat cortical reactive astrocytes into neurons, with induced neurons displaying typical neuronal morphologies and characteristics. The gene analysis showed that induced neurons had gene expression patterns more resembling primary neurons rather than initial reactive astrocytes.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sofia Zelleroth, Erik Nylander, Axel Ortenblad, Frida Stam, Fred Nyberg, Alfhild Gronbladh, Mathias Hallberg
Summary: The study revealed that anabolic androgenic steroids have adverse effects on neurite development, with trenbolone showing the most significant impact on cell viability and mitochondrial function. These effects were not inhibited by the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide, suggesting that there may be other mechanisms at play aside from AR activation.
JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Antoine Carton-Leclercq, Sarah Lecas, Mario Chavez, Stephane Charpier, Severine Mahon
Summary: The study investigated the characteristics of cell excitability and sensory responses in the thalamo-cortical pathway during an isoflurane-induced isoelectric brain state using a new in vivo rat model. It was found that a certain level of cell excitability and sensory integration persists in the isoelectric state and full recovery of cortico-thalamic functions occurs after restoration of internal cerebral activities.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Acoustics
James I. Matchynski, Timothy S. Cilley, Nareen Sadik, Kassem M. Makki, Min Wu, Rayyan Manwar, Alexander R. Woznicki, Srinivasu Kallakuri, Cynthia L. Arfken, Bruce T. Hope, Kamran Avanaki, Alana C. Conti, Shane A. Perrine
Summary: Understanding the neurobiology of complex behaviors requires measuring the activity of active neuronal ensembles. Conventional neuroimaging techniques are ineffective for this measurement. Our FM-PAT system allows direct imaging of active neuronal ensembles in vivo, supporting the role of the prefrontal cortex in processing specific stimuli or environmental cues.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Roberta Prokesova, Sarka Horackova, Zora Snopkova
Summary: The rapid growth of urban areas and associated land use/land cover changes have significantly affected the surface runoff response in urban catchments, leading to an increase in pluvial floods worldwide. While studies on runoff changes in recent decades are common, the long-term changes in surface runoff in rural catchments have been rarely studied and documented. This paper fills this gap by assessing the surface runoff response to land use/land cover changes in a small catchment in southwestern Slovakia over more than two centuries. The results reveal significant changes in surface runoff conditions, with a predominant increase in surface runoff in urbanized lowland areas.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Heloise Rach, Ulker Kilic-Huck, Eve Reynaud, Laurence Hugueny, Emilie Peiffer, Virginie Roy de Belleplaine, Fanny Fuchs, Patrice Bourgin, Pierre A. Geoffroy
Summary: This study found that patients with idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) had a reduced melanopsin response, suggesting alterations in phototransduction. Measuring the Post-Illumination Pupil Response (PIPR) may serve as a biomarker for IH and help improve the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ching-Hsin Lin, Anja Scheller, Yang Liu, Elmar Krause, Hsin-Fang Chang
Summary: Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells contribute to neuronal damage in inflammatory and degenerative CNS disorders, and their mechanism of cortical damage is not well understood. We developed in vitro and ex vivo models to study CD8+ T cell-neuron interactions. Our results show that under inflammatory conditions, T cells reduce migration velocity, change migratory patterns, and increase dwell time at neuronal soma and dendrites in response to added cytokines. These models provide promising platforms for studying neuron-immune cell interactions under inflammatory conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)