Article
Clinical Neurology
M. G. Soeiro-de-Souza, E. Scotti-Muzzi, F. Fernandes, R. T. De Sousa, C. C. Leite, M. C. Otaduy, R. Machado-Vieira
Summary: The study longitudinally assessed H-1-MRS metabolites in the ACC of BDep patients and found higher levels of mI/Cr and Cho/Cr compared to healthy controls at baseline. After treatment, levels of mI/Cr or Cho/Cr in euthymic patients were similar to controls, while non-responders still had elevated Cho/Cr levels. This suggests a critical regulatory effect of lithium on the PI cycle involved in mood regulation.
EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Estevao Scotti-Muzzi, Katja Umla-Runge, Marcio Gerhardt Soeiro-de-Souza
Summary: The ACC plays a key role in connecting the frontal cortex to limbic structures and is consistently implicated in the neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder. H-1-MRS studies comparing neurometabolite levels in the ACC of BD patients and healthy controls found increased levels of Glx, Gln, choline, and Cho/Creatine in BD. Different mood states and medication status were associated with specific neurometabolite patterns in the ACC.
EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Qianjin Wang, Honghong Ren, Chunwang Li, Zongchang Li, Jinguang Li, Hong Li, Lulin Dai, Min Dong, Jun Zhou, Jingqi He, Joseph O'Neill, Yanhui Liao, Ying He, Tieqiao Liu, Xiaogang Chen, Jinsong Tang
Summary: This study found that persistent auditory verbal hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia are associated with dysfunction in the medial prefrontal cortex, specifically decreased levels of certain metabolites. These findings suggest that these metabolites may play a key role in the pathogenesis of persistent auditory verbal hallucinations.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Iris Dalhuisen, Eveline Ackermans, Lieke Martens, Peter Mulders, Joey Bartholomeus, Alex de Bruijn, Jan Spijker, Philip van Eijndhoven, Indira Tendolkar
Summary: This study investigated the longitudinal effects of rTMS on the volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala as well as cortical thickness in patients with chronic treatment-resistant depression. The results suggest that rTMS can induce neuroplastic changes, especially in cortical thickness, independent of treatment response. Additionally, longitudinal changes in amygdala volume were observed in males.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
A. C. Rosen, J. V. Bhat, V. A. Cardenas, T. J. Ehrlich, A. M. Horwege, D. H. Mathalon, B. J. Roach, G. H. Glover, B. W. Badran, S. D. Forman, M. S. George, M. E. Thase, D. Yurgelun-Todd, M. E. Sughrue, S. P. Doyen, P. J. Nicholas, J. C. Scott, L. Tian, J. A. Yesavage
Summary: This study analyzed imaging data from a failed clinical trial of rTMS in Veterans to investigate the association between treatment response and rTMS coil location. Findings revealed that the accuracy in targeting the region within DLPFC negatively correlated with the subgenual cingulate is related to clinical response to rTMS in treatment resistant major depression, providing evidence for a neuro-functionally informed rTMS therapy target in Veterans.
Article
Neurosciences
Meng-Yun Wang, Max Korbmacher, Rune Eikeland, Alexander R. Craven, Karsten Specht
Summary: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a crucial method for measuring brain metabolite levels in vivo. While there have been studies on the reliability of certain metabolites, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), there is a lack of research on other metabolites. This study found that NAA, tNAA, and tCr have the highest reliability with small coefficient of variability (CV), while Glu, Glx, mI, and tCho have moderate CV. Additionally, using water as a concentration reference is more reliable than using tCr, and time-of-day did not affect MRS measurements.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaona Fu, Mengting Qin, Xiaoming Liu, Lan Cheng, Lan Zhang, Xinli Zhang, Yu Lei, Qidong Zhou, Peng Sun, Liangjie Lin, Ying Su, Jing Wang
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between GABA levels, cortical thickness, and executive function in MCI patients. The results showed that MCI patients had lower GABA+/Cr levels in the ACC and PCC, while there were no differences in cortical thickness between the two groups. Therefore, GABA in the ACC and PCC could be a potential diagnostic marker for the decline in executive function in MCI.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ping C. Mamiya, Todd L. Richards, Richard A. E. Edden, Adrian K. C. Lee, Mark A. Stein, Patricia K. Kuhl
Summary: ADHD is associated with alterations in glutamate and GABA content in the brain circuitry responsible for attention control. This study found that individuals with ADHD showed smaller increases in Glx and GABA concentrations during attention control tasks compared to individuals without ADHD. Furthermore, smaller GABA increases in individuals with ADHD predicted poorer task performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Yanmin Li, Jianmin Pang, Jing Wang, Wei Wang, Qianlan Bo, Licun Lei, Xiayue Wang, Mingwei Wang
Summary: In this study, the effects of high-frequency rTMS on response inhibition control and the time course changes in cognitive processing and brain metabolic mechanisms were investigated using ERPs and H-1-MRS. The results showed that high-frequency rTMS significantly reduced commission errors and increased the amplitude of NoGo-N2, improving the response inhibition control of healthy young participants. These findings are consistent with the excitatory properties of high frequency rTMS.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yong He, Yue Wang, Heming Yu, Yu Tian, Xiangyu Chen, Chong Chen, Yikun Ren, Zhi Chen, Yi Ren, Xue Gong, Ke Cheng, Xiaolei Liu, Lianmei Zhong, Yi Guo, Peng Xie
Summary: Neuroinflammation is closely linked to the onset of depression. Nr4a2 protein plays a role in dopaminergic neurons and can alleviate inflammation. However, its effects on neuroinflammation associated with depression are still unclear.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Niels T. de Joode, Anders L. Thorsen, Eline L. Vester, Chris Vriend, Petra J. W. Pouwels, Kristen Hagen, Olga T. Ousdal, Bjarne Hansen, Gerd Kvale, Odile A. van den Heuvel
Summary: The study found no abnormalities in neurometabolites in the dACC of OCD patients before treatment or over time, and the changes induced by ERP treatment seem to depend more on comorbid mood disorders and disease stage rather than OCD itself.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Balwinder Singh, John D. Port, Jennifer L. Vande Voort, Brandon J. Coombes, Jennifer R. Geske, Ian R. Lanza, Robert J. Morgan, Mark A. Frye
Summary: The neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate have been linked to depression and the antidepressant response to ketamine. A study on treatment-resistant depression patients showed a correlation between ketamine's effectiveness and GABA levels in the anterior cingulate cortex, suggesting a potential biomarker for ketamine response.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Samara J. Brown, Amelia M. Brown, Tertia D. Purves-Tyson, Xu-Feng Huang, Cynthia Shannon Weickert, Kelly A. Newell
Summary: This study found that the glutamatergic system may play a central role in the neurobiology and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and psychosis. Gene expression measurement showed increased levels of GRIN2B mRNA and a trend increase in GRIN1 mRNA in MDD subjects, suggesting dysfunction of the glutamatergic system in MDD. Additionally, a significant decrease in the GRIN2A:GRIN2B mRNA ratio was observed in MDD subjects with psychosis.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mohammad Haghani Dogahe, Sara Ramezani, Zoheir Reihanian, Samira Raminfard, Alireza Feizkhah, Babak Alijani, Sina Sedaghat Herfeh
Summary: This study investigated the effectiveness and accuracy of early magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in predicting post-concussion syndrome (PCS) in adult patients with a single mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) without abnormalities in routine brain scans. The results showed that an increase in N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) levels was associated with the occurrence of PCS in mTBI patients, while changes in creatinine (Cr) and choline (Cho) levels were related to the severity of PCS. The study suggested the importance of neuro-markers in predicting PCS and provided new insights into the biological mechanism of PCS caused by mTBI.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH-NEUROIMAGING
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Todeva-Radneva, Sevdalina Kandilarova, Rositsa Paunova, Drozdstoy Stoyanov, Tina Zdravkova, Ronald Sladky
Summary: This study aimed to explore possible differences in whole-brain functional connectivity in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and healthy controls (HC). The results showed increased connectivity in certain brain regions in the BD group compared to the HC group, while the MDD group showed enhanced connectivity in different regions. These findings suggest that these connectivity patterns may serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for MDD and BD.