Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elisabetta Catalani, Kashi Brunetti, Simona Del Quondam, Davide Cervia
Summary: This article discusses the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and retinal pathology related to RGC degeneration, as well as the potential for neuroprotection using redox-related strategies.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jianlong Hu, Jiaqing Chen, Xue Zhang, Jianhong Xiao, Shenfa An, Zhiyong Luan, Fan Liu, Baosheng Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the feasibility of electrostatic demulsification for O/W emulsions, focusing on enhancing demulsification efficiency by adjusting parameters such as voltage, frequency, water content, and retention time. Results showed that applying a pulsed electric field was an effective technology for promoting the coalescence of emulsified oil droplets, leading to improved oil separation efficiency.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Aiwen Xu, Michael Beyeler
Summary: This study used a biophysical model to simulate the retina and investigated the impact of neuroanatomical changes on cellular responses during retinal degeneration. The findings revealed that retinal cell activity increased and electrical stimulation thresholds also increased during retinal degeneration, and testable predictions about the underlying neuroanatomical mechanisms were proposed.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Michael D. Flood, Andrea J. Wellington, Erika D. Eggers
Summary: This study investigates the effects of dopamine receptor activation on retinal neuronal signaling in early diabetes. The results suggest that D4 receptor activation has a smaller impact on light-evoked excitatory inputs in diabetic retinas, potentially indicating disrupted cellular response to dopamine signaling in early diabetes.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Ludovic S. Mure
Summary: This article discusses the profound impact of light on health, particularly emphasizing the role of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in non-image-forming vision. Progress in understanding human ipRGCs, including their morphology, function, and gene expression, could provide insights into how light is perceived by the human eye and aid in developing light-based therapeutic interventions. Further research on ipRGCs is critical for identifying therapeutic approaches and improving cognitive performance, mood, and quality of life through precise light usage recommendations.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Natalia Ziolkowska, Bogdan Lewczuk, Natalia Szyrynska, Aleksandra Rawicka, Alla Vyniarska
Summary: This study examined the impact of low-intensity blue light on the albino Wistar rat retina, specifically the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). Different exposure patterns of blue light were tested, and the results showed that prolonged exposure to low-intensity blue light caused damage to the retinas of the rats. This damage included decreased dendrite length, reduced immunoreactivity, changes in dendritic arborization, increased GFAP immunoreactivity, and apoptosis.
Article
Cell Biology
Lei Gu, Jacky M. K. Kwong, Joseph Caprioli, Natik Piri
Summary: Rbfox1 is associated with neurodevelopmental and neurological conditions, as well as age-related neurodegenerative diseases. This study showed that 22-month-old Rbfox1 KO mice had visual function deficiencies and normal retinal morphology, with no effect on the survival of injured RGCs.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Youichi Shinozaki, Schuichi Koizumi
Summary: Glaucoma, a progressive optic neuropathy and leading cause of blindness worldwide, is characterized by impairment of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), with elevated intraocular pressure as a major risk factor. However, a notable proportion of patients, especially in Japan, have normal intraocular pressure. The role of glial cells in glaucoma pathogenesis is being increasingly recognized, with reactive glial cells identified in glaucoma patients and animal models, suggesting their potential involvement in the disease process.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Alejandro Gallego-Ortega, Maria Norte-Munoz, Johnny Di Pierdomenico, Marcelino Aviles-Trigueros, Pedro de la Villa, Francisco Javier Valiente-Soriano, Manuel Vidal-Sanz
Summary: Using specific antibodies, alpha retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their subtypes were identified and studied in the adult pigmented mouse retina. The alpha RGCs are distributed throughout the retina, with higher density in the temporal region. The sustained ON and OFF response subtypes are mainly located in the periphery, while the transient ON and OFF response subtypes are found in the central regions of the retina.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROANATOMY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Linya Li, Shaoqing He, Yang Liu, Thomas Yorio, Dorette Z. Ellis
Summary: The study found that sigma-1r plays a vital role in the survival of retinal ganglion cells, with activation and/or transgenic expression of sigma-1r attenuating the apoptotic pathway and restoring RGC number and function following optic nerve crush.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Biji Mathew, Leianne A. Torres, Lorea Gamboa Acha, Sophie Tran, Alice Liu, Raj Patel, Mohansrinivas Chennakesavalu, Anagha Aneesh, Chun-Chieh Huang, Douglas L. Feinstein, Shafigh Mehraeen, Sriram Ravindran, Steven Roth
Summary: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes/Extracellular Vesicles (MSC EVs) are a promising alternative for treating retinal diseases, promoting immunomodulation, repair, and regeneration. Studies in rats and in vitro experiments have shown that intravitreally administered EVs are effective for treating diseases affecting the inner retina.
Review
Neurosciences
Sushmitha Raja, Nina Milosavljevic, Annette E. Allen, Morven A. Cameron
Summary: Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are photoreceptors located in the ganglion cell layer. They possess intrinsic photosensitivity through melanopsin and receive inputs from rods and cones. They regulate inner and outer retinal circuitry through chemical and electrical synapses, influence ganglion cell outputs, and play a vital role in the processing of image-forming vision. This research has important implications for lighting design and ocular dysfunctions.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Haifeng Gong, Yang Yang, Bao Yu, Xin Luo, Ye Peng, Yan Jiang
Summary: Oil-water emulsions, which are widely produced in industry, can have negative effects on subsequent work and the environment. This study establishes a numerical model to investigate the critical distribution state under double-field coupling and examines the influence of coupling conditions on droplet size distribution. The results show that the critical state exists within a certain range in the coupling unit, and it is also applicable to different inlet droplet diameters.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Helene Marianne Schreyer, Tim Gollisch
Summary: Research reveals that bipolar cells in the retina can serve as nonlinear processing elements, influencing the encoding of visual signals and providing sensitivity to spatial structures below their receptive fields. These nonlinearities seem to arise at the excitatory input stage of bipolar cells, suggesting a earlier start of nonlinear signal pooling than previously thought.
Review
Cell Biology
Natalia Erofeeva, Darya Meshalkina, Michael Firsov
Summary: cAMP is a crucial regulatory molecule in the retina, controlling important processes such as phototransduction, cell development and death, and neural growth. It shows circadian changes following the natural light cycle, but also exhibits local and transient changes in response to light environment. cAMP changes may lead to pathological processes in various retinal cells.