Article
Mechanics
Federica Buccino, Sara Bagherifard, Lorenzo D'Amico, Luigi Zagra, Giuseppe Banfi, Giuliana Tromba, Laura Maria Vergani
Summary: This study proposes a fracture mechanics-based approach using synchrotron scans and micro-mechanical tests to quantify the critical stress intensification in healthy and osteoporotic human bones. A morphological and densitometric framework is also applied to capture the differences in lacunar network under pathological alterations. Convolutional neural network is implemented to detect the initiation and propagation of micro-scale damages. The results highlight the importance of the interaction between toughening and weakening phenomena at the micro-scale for fracture prevention.
ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Cristina Riccucci, Gabriel Maria Ingo, Marianna Pascucci, Maria Paola Staccioli, Maria Isabella Pierige, Monica Albini
Summary: In this study, micro-structural and micro-chemical investigation of archaeological bronze artefacts from ancient necropolises in central Italy provided new insights into the metallurgical manufacture of defensive weapons, including cuirass discs. The research revealed the high technological level of the Samnite metallurgists and their ability to manipulate fragile high tin bronze alloys successfully.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ziqiang He, Yunfei Yan, Xiuquan Li, Kaiming Shen, Junnan Li, Zhien Zhang
Summary: The study focuses on the impact of hydrogen mass flow rate, equivalence ratio, and materials on the thermal performance of micro-thermophotovoltaic (MTPV) system, providing suggestions for improving energy output.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Qais Akolawala, Floor Keuning, Marta Rovituso, Wouter van Burik, Ernst van der Wal, Henri H. Versteeg, Araci M. R. Rondon, Angelo Accardo
Summary: This study designs novel 3D scaffolds based on the geometry of brain microvasculature to investigate the effects of proton radiation on glioblastoma (GBM) cells. The results show that GBM cells cultured alone exhibit more DNA damage compared to co-culture with endothelial cells.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Thayane C. M. Nepel, Chayene G. Anchieta, Leticia F. Cremasco, Bianca P. Sousa, Andre N. Miranda, Lorrane C. C. B. Oliveira, Bruno A. B. Francisco, Julia P. de O. Julio, Francisco C. B. Maia, Raul O. Freitas, Cristiane B. Rodella, Rubens M. Filho, Gustavo Doubek
Summary: Research on the surface chemistry evolution of metal-air batteries reveals chemical composition changes from nano to micro scale through nano-scale FTIR analysis and in operando micro-FTIR characterization. The study finds that discharge rate does not interfere in chemical composition, while the formation of Li products is atmosphere-dependent.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Lei Shen, Yuanjie Wang, Jie Cheng, Feng Xu, Xingyi Zhang
Summary: In this study, the microstructure evolution and heterogeneous heating phenomenon of YBCO ceramics during microwave heating were investigated using in situ observation and computational modeling. The results reveal the non-uniform distribution of the focused electric field caused by the high conductivity and aggregated-particles of YBCO, leading to local melting and thermal runaway inside the particles.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Faiza, Abraiz Khattak, Ahmad Aziz Alahamdi, Muhammad Bilal Iqbal
Summary: By combining silica-based composites with epoxy resins, the hydrothermal stability of the epoxy resins can be improved. Nano-composites showed better performance after long-term and short-term aging, with higher hydrophobicity and structural stability.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Y. Q. Chang, L. W. Kong, X. L. Zhu, X. F. Zhu, J. Cao, B. Wen, P. Li
Summary: Due to the size effect, the material exhibits stronger characteristics as it becomes smaller, but there are limitations to the improvement of material strength. In this study, a pure copper fiber with a diameter of 200 μm is reduced to 23 μm using the cold drawing method. The results of stress-strain curve analysis and microscopic analysis indicate that grain boundary strengthening, texture strengthening, and dislocation strengthening are the main methods of strengthening the copper fiber. Cold drawing improves the fiber strength by reducing grain size and changing texture orientations.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sara Catalini, Viviane Lutz-Bueno, Mattia Usuelli, Michael Diener, Andrea Taschin, Paolo Bartolini, Paolo Foggi, Marco Paolantoni, Raffaele Mezzenga, Renato Torre
Summary: This study focuses on the formation of amyloid oligomers in crowded lysozyme solutions under acidic conditions. It is found that amyloid oligomers form at high protein concentration and low pH. Multi-length scale structural analysis reveals the thermal history of amyloid oligomers and highlights the impact of hierarchical self-assembly of biological macromolecules on functional properties.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Minji Kim, Kue-Young Kim, Jae-Hong Lim, Chan Yeong Kim, Seob-Gu Kim, Gidon Han, Weon Shik Han, Eungyu Park
Summary: Understanding the dynamics of immiscible fluids in porous media is crucial in various chemical and environmental engineering processes, but the impact of geological heterogeneity on multiphase flow behavior is still unclear. This study used experimental methods to demonstrate the displacement and entrapment of immiscible fluids at a pore-level, revealing significant differences between different zones and the importance of pore size and connectivity on multiphase fluid dynamics. The results suggest that analyzing immiscible fluid displacement in layered porous media at a pore-level could lead to more effective environmental remediation strategies.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tianbo Yu, Yan Du, Guohua Fan, Ruqing Xu, Rozaliya Barabash, Niels Hansen, Xiaoxu Huang, Yubin Zhang
Summary: A study revealed an ultra-low-strain deformation microstructure in the annealed laminated Ti-Al composite for the first time, showing the crucial role of thermal stress in the formation of the microstructure.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Amar S. Shah, Peter T. Sylvester, Alexander T. Yahanda, Ananth K. Vellimana, Gavin P. Dunn, John Evans, Keith M. Rich, Joshua L. Dowling, Eric C. Leuthardt, Ralph G. Dacey, Albert H. Kim, Robert L. Grubb, Gregory J. Zipfel, Mark Oswood, Randy L. Jensen, Garnette R. Sutherland, Daniel P. Cahill, Steven R. Abram, John Honeycutt, Mitesh Shah, Yu Tao, Michael R. Chicoine
Summary: The study found that iMRI-assisted surgery in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma can increase the extent of resection and improve overall survival. However, iMRI is not an independent predictor of overall survival, and additional supporting evidence is needed to determine the clinical benefit of iMRI in the management of glioblastoma.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY
(2021)
Article
Spectroscopy
Karolina Olbrich, Zuzanna Setkowicz, Kamil Kawon, Mateusz Czyzycki, Natalia Janik-Olchawa, Ilaria Carlomagno, Giuliana Aquilanti, Joanna Chwiej
Summary: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a common and deadly brain tumor in adults. This study utilized Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman microspectroscopy to evaluate changes in biomolecular distribution and structure caused by glioblastoma development in rat brains, and used synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy to determine elemental anomalies in nervous tissue.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xhevat Lumi, Tanja Ducic, Martin Kreuzer, Marko Hawlina, Sofija Andjelic
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the effects of UV C irradiation on the bio-macromolecules of lens epithelial cells using synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared micro-spectroscopy. The results showed significant changes in protein conformation, lipid peroxidation, and diminishment of the asymmetric CH3 band after UV C irradiation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Quan Liu, Jiantao Wu, Linlin Xie, Zeyu Zhang, Xinyuan Ma, Markus Oeser
Summary: The research conducted experimental studies on the aging gradient of bitumen during TFOT test and molecular simulation. The results showed microscopic aging gradient and the effective depth of thermal oxidation within 1000 μm.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Giuseppe Bellisola, Sara Caldrer, Mariangela Cestelli-Guidi, Gianfelice Cinque
JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS
(2020)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Barbara E. Souza, Lorenzo Dona, Kirill Titov, Paolo Bruzzese, Zhixin Zeng, Yang Zhang, Arun S. Babal, Annika F. Moslein, Mark D. Frogley, Magda Wolna, Gianfelice Cinque, Bartolomeo Civalleri, Jin-Chong Tan
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2020)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Ka Lung Andrew Chan, Ali Altharawi, Pedro Fale, Cai Li Song, Sergei G. Kazarian, Gianfelice Cinque, Valerie Untereiner, Ganesh D. Sockalingum
APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tommaso Vannocci, Luca Quaroni, Antonio de Riso, Giulia Milordini, Magda Wolna, Gianfelice Cinque, Annalisa Pastore
Summary: In this study, infrared microscopy was used to monitor the metabolic turnover of individual mammalian cells in real time, revealing major biochemical differences between adherent cells and suspended cells. Spectroscopic variations and spectral oscillations in the infrared domain were observed when using synchrotron infrared radiation, suggesting a potential application as a reporter of cellular conditions. These findings establish IR microscopy as a valuable label-free method for studying real-time metabolism in cells with distinct morphological states.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ivalina B. Minova, Michael Buhl, Santhosh K. Matam, C. Richard A. Catlow, Mark D. Frogley, Gianfelice Cinque, Paul A. Wright, Russell F. Howe
Summary: Synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy coupled with mass spectrometric analysis was used to investigate the initial stages of the methanol to olefins (MTO) reaction. Surface methoxy groups were found to be key in the formation of olefinic hydrocarbon pool through insertion of carbene-like species.
CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mathieu Pernot, Beatrice Jaspard-vinassa, Alice Abelanet, Sebastien Rubin, Isabelle Forfar, Sylvie Jeanningros, Laura Cetran, Murielle Han-Yee Yu, Elise Bake, Stephane Hatem, Pascale Dufourcq, Thierry Couffinhal, Cecile Duplaa
Summary: Heart failure is a common stage of most cardiopathies, and the polarization of cardiomyocytes is crucial for heart function. PDZRN3 is a novel signaling pathway that controls heart development and maintenance, and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for preventing heart failure.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Alice Abelanet, Marion Camoin, Sebastien Rubin, Pauline Bougaran, Valentin Delobel, Mathieu Pernot, Isabelle Forfar, Celine Guilbeau-Frugier, Celine Gales, Marie Lise Bats, Marie-Ange Renault, Pascale Dufourcq, Thierry Couffinhal, Cecile Duplaa
Summary: By studying the specific endothelial dysfunction, we found that an increase of endothelial permeability is responsible for mediating diastolic dysfunction pathophysiology and for aggravating detrimental effects of a high-fat diet on cardiac inflammation and metabolism.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Hany M. Elsheikha, Alaa T. Al-Sandaqchi, Mohammad S. R. Harun, Francesca Winterton, Ali Altharawi, Nashwa A. Elsaied, Carl W. Stevenson, William MacNaughtan, John G. M. Mina, Paul W. Denny, Gianfelice Cinque, Ka Lung Andrew Chan
Summary: This study used FTIR microspectroscopy and synchrotron-based FTIR microspectroscopy to analyze the chemical changes associated with T. gondii infection of hBMECs. The results showed that both methods were able to reveal the chemical alterations in the infected cells. Furthermore, RNA sequencing analysis revealed significant changes in host cell genes and pathways in response to T. gondii infection.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Ioannis Lekkas, Mark D. Frogley, Timon Achtnich, Gianfelice Cinque
Summary: We present an in-vacuum mechanical chopper integrated into a magnetic levitating motor for modulating high-speed optical beams. The compact chopper rotor allows for rapid tuning of the modulation frequency, while providing high optical throughput. The modulation performances were evaluated and found to have low jitter and high modulation frequencies. This chopper has been successfully applied in improving spectroscopy results in infrared nanospectroscopy.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Michele Tricarico, Cyril Besnard, Gianfelice Cinque, Alexander M. Korsunsky, Jin-Chong Tan
Summary: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have great potential for a wide range of applications, but their low mechanical stability has hindered the development of practical devices. The synthesis of MOFs in a monolithic morphology offers a solution to this problem. In this study, the mechanical behavior of MOF monoliths (specifically ZIF-8 and MIL-68) was investigated using nanoindentation, micropillar compression, and Raman microspectroscopy.
COMMUNICATIONS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Bowen Xie, Wanjiku Njoroge, Lewis M. Dowling, Josep Sule-Suso, Gianfelice Cinque, Ying Yang
Summary: Cardiovascular diseases are still a major cause of death and illness worldwide. Atherosclerosis, caused by the build-up of fatty plaques in the arteries, is the most common form of cardiovascular disease. Foam cells, formed when monocytes infiltrate the sub-endothelial space and differentiate into macrophages, play a central role in plaque formation. This study used a foam cell model to investigate the lipid efflux process initiated by statins in a dose and time dependent manner. The results showed that statins can effectively reduce lipid content in foam cells, offering a potential therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Philip A. Ash, Sophie E. T. Kendall-Price, Rhiannon M. Evans, Stephen B. Carr, Amelia R. Brasnett, Simone Morra, Jack S. Rowbotham, Ricardo Hidalgo, Adam J. Healy, Gianfelice Cinque, Mark D. Frogley, Fraser A. Armstrong, Kylie A. Vincent
Summary: Controlled formation of catalytically-relevant states within crystals of complex metalloenzymes is a significant challenge, but electrochemical control over single crystals can stabilize specific states for further study and extend mechanistic understanding of proton transfer.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lydia Briggs, Ruth Newby, Xue Han, Christopher G. Morris, Mathew Savage, Cristina Perez Krap, Timothy L. Easun, Mark D. Frogley, Gianfelice Cinque, Claire A. Murray, Chiu C. Tang, Junliang Sun, Sihai Yang, Martin Schroder
Summary: This study reported the adsorption of C2H2, CO2 and SO2 in a new, ultra-stable Cr(iii)-based MOF, and investigated the effects of changing metal center on gas uptake by synthesizing a mixed metal MFM-300(Al0.67Cr0.33). In situ synchrotron techniques were used to reveal distinct binding environments and binding domains for these gases in the frameworks, confirming the materials' capability for gas separation. The incorporation of Al(iii) and Cr(iii) within the same framework allows tuning of the host-guest and guest-guest interactions in these functional porous materials.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ivalina B. Minova, Santhosh K. Matam, Alex Greenaway, C. Richard A. Catlow, Mark D. Frogley, Gianfelice Cinque, Paul A. Wright, Russell F. Howe
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Kirk H. H. Michaelian, Mark D. D. Frogley, Gianfelice Cinque, Luca Quaroni
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Gang Qu, Yuxin Zhao, Qiaoli Zhang, Jina Wu, Xiaosen Li, Yang Yang, Shilei Liu
Summary: In this study, magnetic mesoporous materials combined with real-time in situ mass spectrometry were used for the high-throughput detection of hydrolyzed products of organophosphorus nerve agents. The method showed good linearity, low limits of detection and quantification, and high extraction recoveries. The magnetic preparation method used was quick, cost-effective, rugged, and safe. The results demonstrated the potential of this method for rapid and efficient determination of the target analytes in environmental samples.
ANALYTICAL METHODS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Anna Hildebrand, Mariam Merchant, Danny O'Hare
Summary: Substandard and falsified artemisinin derivatives in antimalarials have caused significant deaths and economic losses. This study evaluates the feasibility of voltammetric methods for identifying and quantifying artemether. The findings suggest that electrochemical analysis shows promise as a method for artemether identification and quantification.
ANALYTICAL METHODS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Marx Osorio Araujo Pereira, Alvaro Ferreira Junior, Edson Silvio Batista Rodrigues, Helena Mulser, Giovanna Nascimento de Mello e Silva, Wallans Torres Pio dos Santos, Eric de Souza Gil
Summary: Brazilian spotted fever (BSF) is a serious and rapidly evolving disease. A new impedimetric immunosensor was developed for rapid diagnosis by measuring specific antibodies in plasma. The sensor demonstrated selectivity and accuracy, and has potential for important applications in diagnostic testing.
ANALYTICAL METHODS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Kathrin Schilling, Ronald A. Glabonjat, Olgica Balac, Marta Galvez-Fernandez, Arce Domingo-Relloso, Vesna Slavkovich, Jeff Goldsmith, Miranda R. Jones, Tiffany R. Sanchez, Ana Navas-Acien
Summary: Analysis of trace elements in urine is an important tool for assessing exposures, diagnosing nutritional status, and guiding public health and healthcare intervention. This study provides a sensitive method for analyzing 18 elements in urine samples, using only 100 μL. The results show good accuracy and sensitivity of the method.
ANALYTICAL METHODS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mengya Li, Shijie Liu, Shiliang Guo, Dong Liang, Miaoyun Li, Yaodi Zhu, Lijun Zhao, Jong-Hoon Lee, Gaiming Zhao, Yangyang Ma, Yanxia Liu
Summary: In this study, a magnetic flow device was developed to purify spores in a culture medium system. The device used magnetic nanoparticles to absorb vegetative cells, separating them from the spores. The achieved purity of the collected spores was over 95%. The study also demonstrated a rapid quantitative detection method using Raman spectroscopy.
ANALYTICAL METHODS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Wanqiong Liu, Zixuan Wu, Jianwei Peng, Zebin Xu, Yong Liang
Summary: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are effective carriers for molecular imprinting, but their poor dispersibility in aqueous solution is a significant drawback. In this study, we have applied amphiphilic block copolymers and molecularly imprinted technology on MOFs to improve the hydrophilicity of molecularly imprinted fluorescent materials.
ANALYTICAL METHODS
(2024)
