Article
Chemistry, Physical
Herbert Musarurwa, Nikita Tawanda Tavengwa
Summary: The use of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) for analyte extraction from complex matrices is becoming more popular due to their simplicity, speed, and environmental friendliness. Stimuli-responsive polymers, including thermo-responsive and pH-responsive polymers, have been utilized in ATPSs to improve extraction efficiency. This review discusses the utilization of these polymers in biphasic systems and explores the challenges and future prospects.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xi Chen, Yibo Guo, Ting Yang, Junfen Wan, Xuejun Cao
Summary: A recyclable aqueous two-phase system was developed using pH-responsive polymers to assist in the recovery of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, improving both recovery rate and purity.
PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Maria S. Alvarez, Maria A. Longo, Ana Rodriguez, Francisco J. Deive
Summary: In this research, the suitability of sodium potassium tartrate as an organic salt to promote phase segregation in a model soil washing solution containing biodegradable non-ionic surfactants and heavy metals was demonstrated. The aqueous two-phase systems were characterized and analyzed at room temperature, and high extraction percentages of heavy metals were observed. The extraction process was included in the soil washing process at real scale and simulated using SuperPro Designer software.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Tian Yao, Hongmei Li, Yuanhang Ren, Meilin Feng, Yichen Hu, Huiling Yan, Lianxin Peng
Summary: The report introduces thermo-separating magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) for the first time, detailing the synthesis, characterization, and application of two PPG600-based thermo-separating MILs, which were used to create a novel MILATPS system. The system showed high extraction efficiencies for phenolic compounds, exceeding 90%, and demonstrated potential for industrial treatment of phenolic wastewater with efficient recovery processes.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Karolina Chairez-Cantu, Mirna Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Marco Rito-Palomares
Summary: This study aims to characterize the generation of ATPS droplets by evaluating four PEG-DEX systems under in vitro conditions. Using different culture media as ATPS solvents, ATPS droplets were successfully generated with varying sizes. The diameter of the ATPS droplets ranged from 1.07 mm to 1.30 mm depending on the culture media composition.
FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mohit Singla, Nandan Sit
Summary: The aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is a technique that produces high-purity products in a single step and is particularly useful for purifying biomolecules. Aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) involves transferring solutes between two aqueous phases, typically using polymer-polymer or polymer-salt systems. This review covers recent developments in ATPS for biomolecule recovery, including the mechanism of phase formation, conditions for solute partitioning, and factors influencing ATPS, such as polymer concentration, salt type, pH, and temperature. The increasing applications of ATPS for high-value bioproduct recovery and the development of low-cost alternatives are also discussed.
CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Guilherme A. Ferreira, Maor Ram-On, Yeshayahu Talmon, Karin Schillen, Lennart Piculell, Watson Loh
Summary: Aqueous dispersions of charged-neutral block copolymers complexed with an oppositely charged surfactant were prepared using different approaches. The dispersions prepared by the simple mixing of two solutions displayed nanometric spherical particles with disordered cores and poor colloidal stability. On the other hand, dispersions prepared from freeze-dried complex salt had anisometric particles that were large enough to sustain micellar cubic cores and showed long-time colloidal stability. The results highlight the importance of the preparation procedure in controlling the physicochemical properties of dispersed particles.
Article
Polymer Science
Niamh Bayliss, Gokhan Yilmaz, Alexander Plucinski, C. Remzi Becer, Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt
Summary: Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) have gained attention in polymer chemistry due to their biocompatibility and applications in biomaterials and biology. This study investigated ATPS formed from poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEA) with dextran and poly(ethylene glycol), and observed a significant shift in PDEA's cloud point temperature in the ATPS compared to pure aqueous solutions. This effect on thermoresponsive behavior opens up new possibilities for water-based polymer systems in areas such as multicompartment hydrogels or biotechnology.
Article
Polymer Science
Yuya Mizukami, Takuma Yamaguchi, Miki Shiono, Yuki Takahashi, Kazunori Shimizu, Satoshi Konishi, Yoshinobu Takakura, Makiya Nishikawa
Summary: A novel method for fabricating drug-preloaded gelatin microspheres (GMS) using a water-in-water emulsification technique was developed. The drug-loaded GMS showed improved stability, drug-loading efficiency, and sustained release compared to conventional GMS. Incorporation of the drug-loaded GMS into multicellular spheroids enhanced cell viability and improved therapeutic efficacy in a wound healing mouse model.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhijie Shang, Pan Xu, Haoyu Yue, Dongyue Feng, Taohua Zhu, Xinxue Li
Summary: This study proposed a method for the remediation of diesel-contaminated soil (DCS) using alkoxyethanol aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE), with high efficiency in removing diesel and high reusability. The process hardly caused residual organic solvents on the soil surface, and the soil structure and properties remained relatively unchanged after remediation.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hao Tan, Soo -Young Park
Summary: A new approach to generate pH-responsive microcapsules through in-situ photopolymerization in water-in-water-in-oil double emulsion droplets was developed. The microfluidic preparation method used two immiscible water solutions obtained from an aqueous two-phase system. The microcapsules showed smart response to pH change, recyclability, and efficient cargo loading and releasing properties.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Joeri Defillet, Marina Avramenko, Miles Martinati, Miguel Angel Lopez Carrillo, Domien Van der Elst, Wim Wenseleers, Sofie Cambre
Summary: In this study, the impact of specific surfactant choice and concentration on ATP sorting was systematically investigated. The results revealed the influence of diameter-dependent stacking pattern on the separation order and the role of cosurfactants. These findings provide insights into predicting the parameters required for separating specific chiral structures in just two ATP steps.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Roberta C. Assis, Aparecida B. Mageste, Leandro R. de Lemos, Ricardo M. Orlando, Guilherme D. Rodrigues
Summary: This review discusses how aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) can efficiently extract, pre-concentrate, and clean-up analytes in aqueous samples to determine compounds classified as emerging contaminants (ECs). ATPS is an alternative to conventional liquid-liquid extraction techniques, predominantly composed of water and based on the principles of green chemistry. This simple and low environmental impact technique has been successfully employed for the analysis of different classes of emerging contaminants.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Nuno da Silva, Luisa A. Ferreira, Alexander Belgovskiy, Pedro P. Madeira, Jose A. Teixeira, Elizabeth K. Mann, J. Adin Mann, William Meyer, Anthony E. Smart, Vladimir Y. Chernyak, Vladimir N. Uversky, Boris Y. Zaslavsky
Summary: The ATR-FTIR spectra were used to study the OH-stretch band in aqueous solutions of various inorganic salts and organic materials. Four different subpopulations of water molecules were identified, with their relative amounts depending on solute type and concentration, correlating strongly with water solvent features. These subpopulations determine a variety of physicochemical properties of aqueous solutions.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lei Wang, Yihan Liu, Yuanyuan Liu, Yanli Mao, Juan Han, Wenxuan Li, Yun Wang
Summary: The study introduces an aptamer-derived aqueous two-phase flotation (ATPF) technology using aptamer-functionalized thermo-responsive polymers as collectors for efficient separation and recycling of Hg(II) ions. After optimization, the ATPF exhibited excellent separation efficiency and partition coefficient, with the collectors and phase-forming components easily recovered for multiple cycles, showing its potential as a practical method for sustainable environmental pollutant treatment.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Eduardo J. Gudina, Marcia R. Couto, Soraia P. Silva, Elisabete Coelho, Manuel A. Coimbra, Jose A. Teixeira, Ligia R. Rodrigues
Summary: A low-cost culture medium (CSLM) was developed for EPS production by Rhizobium viscosum CECT908, using sugarcane molasses and corn steep liquor as the sole ingredients. The EPS produced in this medium showed higher yield stress and flow consistency index, indicating its potential use in Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Luara Simoes, Natalia Fernandes, Jose Teixeira, Luis Abrunhosa, Disney Ribeiro Dias
Summary: Food and feed contamination by fungi, especially toxigenic ones, is a global concern. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been gaining attention for their antifungal and anti-mycotoxin properties. This study tested 14 LAB strains isolated from naturally fermented Brazilian table olives for their ability to inhibit the growth of certain fungi and reduce mycotoxin production. The results showed that certain LAB strains exhibited strong antifungal activity and reduced the production of mycotoxins such as Aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, and patulin. These findings demonstrate the potential of LAB strains as natural agents to control toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins in fermented products.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Emanuel Cunha, Vitor Sousa, Pedro Geada, Jose A. Teixeira, Antonio A. Vicente, Oscar Dias
Summary: Microalgae are a sustainable and renewable source for various compounds used in industries such as cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals. However, their commercialization faces challenges due to low biomass and productivity. Strategies to enhance cost-effectiveness in microalgae cultivation focus on optimizing nutrient needs and environmental factors. Genome-scale metabolic (GSM) models aid in understanding metabolic processes and can be used to optimize compound and biomass production. This review provides an overview of key considerations and strategies in microalgae cultivation, emphasizing the use of GSM models for in silico-guided optimization.
ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Joao Simoes, Eduardo Coelho, Paulo Magalhaes, Tiago Brandao, Pedro Rodrigues, Jose Antonio Teixeira, Lucilia Domingues
Summary: This study explores the potential of non-Saccharomyces yeasts to produce low-alcohol or non-alcoholic beers. Selected yeasts with low-to-null ethanol production were used in large-scale fermentations, resulting in beers with ethanol concentrations below 1.2% and the presence of fusel alcohols and esters. Lager beers produced with Saccharomyces yeast were more accepted by taster panelists. This research demonstrates the suitability of non-conventional yeasts for producing low-alcohol or non-alcoholic beers and opens perspectives for the development of non-conventional beers.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Catarina Teixeira-Guedes, Joana S. Gomes-Dias, Sara A. Cunha, Manuela E. Pintado, Ricardo N. Pereira, Jose A. Teixeira, Cristina M. R. Rocha
Summary: The sequential use of enzymes in seaweeds has been shown to significantly improve extraction yield, solubilize carbohydrates and protein, and enhance antioxidant and prebiotic effects.
FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Pedro Geada, Diogo Francisco, Francisco Pereira, Filipe Maciel, Leandro Madureira, Ana Barros, Joana L. Silva, Antonio A. Vicente, Jose A. Teixeira
Summary: Microalgae have gained attention as a promising feedstock for healthier food products, but high production costs and low productivities remain a challenge. This study used a two-step optimization strategy to maximize biomass production of a Chlorella vulgaris strain under heterotrophic conditions. After studying 24 variables, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4middot7H2O, and C6H12O6 were identified as factors with a significant impact on biomass concentration. Optimization of the culture medium led to a 99.6% increase in biomass and a 48.0% increase in carbohydrate production.
FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pedro Velho, Catarina S. Rebelo, Eugenia A. Macedo
Summary: Food supplements based on antioxidants and vitamins are used to improve human diet deficiencies and delay diseases like premature aging and alopecia. Gallic acid and ferulic acid are important antioxidants for hair color, strength, and growth. Aqueous Two-Phase Systems (ATPS) were used to successfully extract these phenolic metabolites, providing biocompatible and sustainable media for their extraction and processing as food supplements. The most promising results were obtained for ferulic acid, with high partition coefficients and extraction efficiencies. Both GA and FA were found to be stable under the used extractive conditions.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Marta C. C. Coelho, Soudabeh Ghalamara, Debora Campos, Tania Braganca Ribeiro, Ricardo Pereira, Antonio S. Rodrigues, Jose A. Teixeira, Manuela Pintado
Summary: Tomato by-products from processing industries in Portugal have the potential to be reused as a source of bioactive compounds. However, there is a lack of reliable national data on these by-products and their physicochemical properties, which hinders effective waste management planning. In this study, selected Portugal companies were recruited to obtain representative samples of by-products, and their physicochemical composition was evaluated. Additionally, an environmentally friendly method called ohmic heating (OH) was used to explore new safe value-added ingredients from these by-products.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jasper L. S. P. Driessen, Josefin Johnsen, Ivan Pogrebnyakov, Elsayed T. T. Mohamed, Solange I. Mussatto, Adam M. Feist, Sheila I. Jensen, Alex T. Nielsen
Summary: The tolerance of microorganisms to toxic compounds generated during biomass pretreatment is a major challenge in the cost-effective production of bio-based products from lignocellulose. The understanding of tolerance mechanisms is limited, making rational engineering difficult. In this study, adaptive laboratory evolution was used to obtain 20 tolerant strains of Bacillus subtilis, capable of utilizing Distiller's Dried Grains with Solubles-derived hydrolysate. These evolved strains showed improved growth and retained heterologous enzyme production using a medium based on 100% hydrolysate, while the starting strains showed minimal growth. Whole-genome resequencing revealed mutations in the global regulator codY in 15 of the 19 sequenced isolates, as well as mutations in genes related to oxidative stress and flagella function. Overall, tolerance adaptive laboratory evolution proved to be valuable for the utilization of lignocellulose.
METABOLIC ENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Mariana Queiros, Guilherme Pereira, Ana Catarina Leite, Rita Leal, Rui Rodrigues, Jose A. Teixeira, Ricardo N. Pereira
Summary: This study investigates the effects of electrical fields and frequencies on the activity of pectinase in the clarification process of Vinho Verde wine must. The results show that electrical frequency can increase enzymatic activity, especially at lower temperatures. The temperature dependence of the enzyme's activity can be reduced when moderate electrical fields are applied.
FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Juliana P. Sandri, Thais S. Milessi, Teresa C. Zangirolami, Solange I. Mussatto
Summary: Co-culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and evolved Kluyveromyces marxianus strains was evaluated for the co-fermentation of mixed pentoses and hexoses. Reliable data from the screening confirmed the effectiveness of this approach for biomass-derived sugar assimilation, with aeration control being highlighted as crucial for xylose assimilation.
BIOFUELS BIOPRODUCTS & BIOREFINING-BIOFPR
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Luana de Fatima Alves, Jonata Bortolucci, Valeria Reginatto, Maria-Eugenia Guazzaroni, Solange I. Mussatto
Summary: Innovations in obtaining products from lignocellulosic biomass have focused on improving microorganisms and enzymes for degrading these materials. To complete the process, microorganisms must ferment sugars and withstand various stresses. In this study, we engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to enhance acid and oxidative stress resistance by introducing a gene (hu) and using different promoters. The strains showed improved survival rates at low pH and increased tolerance to high concentrations of H2O2.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
William Gustavo Sganzerla, Josiel Martins Costa, Miriam Tena-Villares, Luz Selene Buller, Solange I. Mussatto, Tania Forster-Carneiro
Summary: This study evaluated the dry anaerobic digestion of brewer's spent grains (BSG) for bioenergy recovery as a solution toward a more sustainable brewery. The experimental results showed high biodegradation and methane yield, with the Cone model fitting the methane evolution better than the other models. The biogas produced from the dry AD of BSG could generate electricity and heat, mitigating CO2 emissions and supplying a portion of the energy required for beer production.
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Julen Ordenana Manso, Martin B. Nielsen, Eva Balaguer Moya, Juliana P. Sandri, Celina K. Yamakawa, Solange I. Mussatto
Summary: This study focuses on the development of an enzymatic cocktail for the conversion of corn fiber into monosaccharides. The results reveal that the recalcitrance and unique chemical composition of corn fiber require a tailored enzymatic cocktail for degradation, and attention should also be given to the pretreatment step.
ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antonio Caivano, Wouter van Winden, Giuliano Dragone, Solange I. Mussatto
Summary: Constraint-based genome-scale models (GEMs) are a powerful tool for predicting and analyzing microbial phenotypes. This study implemented enzymatic constraints into a GEM of Clostridium ljungdahlii, improving the predictive ability of growth rate and product profile. In silico metabolic engineering was then performed to enhance the production of desired fermentation products, resulting in different strategies for overproduction without redundant knockouts. The study highlights the potential of mixotrophic growth for improving cell growth and productivity with CO2 fixation.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Saranya Krishnan, Shina Sasi, Preshobha Kodakkattumannil, Salima Al Senaani, Geetha Lekshmi, Martin Kottackal, Khaled M. A. Amiri
Summary: This study aimed to develop an efficient DNA extraction protocol suitable for diverse plant species and tissues. A reliable and consistent protocol was described for the extraction of high-quality DNA from difficult-to-extract plant species. The optimized protocol was successful in extracting high-quality DNA from various plant species and tissues, making it useful for genomic studies of recalcitrant plants.
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Eisaku Hokazono, Saori Fukumoto, Takeshi Uchiumi, Susumu Osawa
Summary: This study proposes a method for detecting nucleic acid amplification using pyrophosphate, which requires only two reagents and an automated analyzer. The technique has high sensitivity and reproducibility, and can detect pyrophosphate within 10 minutes. Therefore, this method has the potential to be a new, rapid, and simple detection technique for amplified nucleic acids.
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Drew S. Sowersby, L. Kevin Lewis
Summary: SURE electrophoresis is a new method for concentrating samples in gels, which allows efficient detection of highly dilute DNA samples. This approach generates single bands with enhanced signal intensities and minimal band broadening.
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Hongyi Liang, Guoliang Yin, Guangxi Shi, Zhiyong Liu, Xiaofei Liu, Jingwei Li
Summary: The mechanism of Echinacoside (ECH) in treating breast cancer (BC) was explored through network pharmacology and experimental validation. It was found that ECH plays an important role in anti-BC by regulating the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1 alpha/VEGF signaling pathway, and it exhibits multi-target and multi-pathway effects.
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Daniel S. Kantner, Emily Megill, Anna Bostwick, Vicky Yang, Carmen Bekeova, Alexandria Van Scoyk, Erin L. Seifert, Michael W. Deininger, Nathaniel W. Snyder
Summary: This study compared the results of different methods for measuring the amount of acetyl-Coenzyme A. The colorimetric ELISA kit did not produce interpretable results, while the fluorometric enzymatic kit showed comparable results to the LC-MS-based methods depending on the matrix and extraction conditions. LC-MS/MS and LC-HRMS methods produced well-aligned results, especially when using stable isotope-labeled internal standards.
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jingyan Xu, Hanying Tan, Xionghui Ma, Linjing Su, Zhi Zhang, Yuhao Xiong
Summary: This study investigates the co-catalytic capabilities of MoO3 nanosheets in enhancing the enzyme-like catalytic activity of a two-dimensional ultrathin Fe(III)-modified covalent triazine framework (Fe-CTF) under neutral pH conditions. The Fe-CTF/MoO3 co-catalytic system exhibits enzyme-mimicking activity and enables the development of a colorimetric method for glucose detection. Furthermore, a straightforward one-pot colorimetric method is established for screening XOD inhibitors.
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Lichao Zhang, Kang Xiao, Xueting Wang, Liang Kong
Summary: A novel fusion technology was designed to identify FAD-binding sites, achieving the best results on two independent test datasets and outperforming existing methods significantly. The high performance and certainty of the method were demonstrated through statistical tests and cross-entropy loss analysis.
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Abdulkadir Kilic, Mehmet Aslan, Abdulkadir Levent
Summary: This study developed a simple, rapid, sensitive, and selective voltammetric technique for the electrochemical characterization and detection of the highly risky drug Edoxaban. The optimized voltammetric method showed good analytical working range and was successfully applied to urine and tablet samples.
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Su Hyun Kim, Nara Shin, Jong-Min Jeon, Jeong-Jun Yoon, Jeong Chan Joo, Hee Taek Kim, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Yung-Hun Yang
Summary: To address environmental issues caused by traditional plastics, bioplastics have gained attention as alternatives. Although bioplastics have better degradability, their degradation still takes longer than anticipated. This study proposes a novel screening method to identify bioplastic degraders faster, saving time and providing more quantitative data.
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Irem Okman Kocoglu, Pinar Esra Erden, Esma Kilic
Summary: In this study, an electrochemical biosensor based on carbon nanofibers and ionic liquid modification was constructed for tyramine detection. The biosensor showed linear response, low detection limit, high sensitivity, and exhibited good reproducibility, stability, and anti-interference ability.
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Liana U. Akhmetzianova, Timur M. Davletkulov, Assol R. Sakhabutdinova, Alexey Chemeris, Irek M. Gubaydullin, Ravil R. Garafutdinov
Summary: A new program called LAMPrimers iQ has been developed for high-quality LAMP primer design, and its advantages in providing higher specificity and reliable detection of viral RNA were validated using SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus RNA as a model target.
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Tommaso Pileri, Alberto Sinibaldi, Agostino Occhicone, Norbert Danz, Elena Giordani, Matteo Allegretti, Frank Sonntag, Peter Munzert, Patrizio Giacomini, Francesco Michelotti
Summary: This study developed a biosensing device based on one-dimensional photonic crystal to detect HER2 in breast cancer. The device combines label-free and fluorescence operation modes, allowing for real-time and accurate detection in less than 20 minutes. It offers a promising technique for combined label-free and fluorescence detection in disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring.
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)