Journal
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
Volume 703, Issue 1, Pages 94-100Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.07.023
Keywords
Glutamate; Lactate dehydrogenase; Traumatic brain injury; Assay; Electrochemical sensor; Amperometry
Categories
Funding
- Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-08-1-1202]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [20805020]
- Chinese Ministry of Education [109079]
- CONACyT from the Mexican government
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys [1066531] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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We report on the development of a rapid enzyme logic gate-based electrochemical assay for the assessment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The concept harnesses a biocatalytic cascade that emulates the functionality of a Boolean NAND gate in order to process relevant physiological parameters in the biochemical domain. The enzymatic backbone ensures that a high-fidelity diagnosis of traumatic brain injury can be tendered in a rapid fashion when the concentrations of key serum-based biomarkers reach pathological levels. The excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase were used here as clinically-relevant input TBI biomarkers, in connection to the low-potential detection of the NADH product in the presence of methylene green at a glassy carbon electrode. A systematic optimization of the gate and the entire protocol has resulted in the effective discrimination between the physiological and pathological logic levels. Owing to its robust design, the enzyme-based logic gate mitigates potential interferences from both physiological and electroactive sources and is able to perform direct measurements in human serum samples. Granted further detailed clinical validation, this proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential of the electrochemical assay to aid in the rapid and decentralized diagnosis of TBI. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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