Journal
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
Volume 652, Issue 1-2, Pages 54-65Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.05.042
Keywords
Flow analysis; Liquid-liquid extraction; Analyte separation; Pre-concentration
Categories
Funding
- bi-national consortium (FCT/CAPES)
- Fundacao para a Ciencia a Tecnologia and FSE (III Quadro Comunitario de Apoio) [SFRH/BD/31107/2006]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/31107/2006] Funding Source: FCT
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Liquid-liquid extractions (LLE) area common sample pre-treatment in many analytical applications. This review aims at providing a critical overview of the distinct automated continuous flow-based approaches that were developed for liquid-liquid extraction with the purpose of pre-concentration and/or separation of multiple analytes, such as ultra-trace metal and metalloid species. phenolic compounds, surfactants, pharmaceuticals, etc., hyphenated with many detection technique such as UV/vis spectrophotometry, atomic spectrometric detection systems and luminescent detectors, including distinct extraction strategies and applications like single and multiple extraction schemes, wetting film extraction, supported liquid membrane extraction, back extraction, closed-loop systems and the utilisation of zone sampling, chromatomembranes and iterative reversal techniques.The analytical performance of the developed flowbased LLE methods and the influence of flow manifold components such as the segmenter, extraction coil and phase separator, is emphasised and object of discussion. An overall presentation of each system components. selectivity, advantages and shortcomings is carried out and exemplified with selected applications. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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