Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Reyhan Dincer, Sukriye Ulubay Karabiberoglu, Zekerya Dursun
Summary: This study proposes a dependable approach for the selective and sensitive identification of zinc, cadmium and lead in different sample matrices using an over-oxidized poly(xylenol blue) film glassy carbon electrode coated with bismuth (Bi/PXBov.ox/GCE). The best conditions for determining these elements were found to be a 0.1 mol L-1 acetate buffer solution as supporting electrolyte (pH 4.5), -1.5 V accumulation potential, and 180 s accumulation duration. Under these conditions, the detection limits of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) were 3.20 μg L-1, 0.21 μg L-1 and 1.98 μg L-1, respectively. Moreover, this novel, cheap and easy-to-prepare Bi/PXBov.ox/GCE was successfully used for the analysis of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) in lipstick samples, with consistent results compared to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Joanna Wasag, Malgorzata Grabarczyk
Summary: This work introduces a new fast and sensitive method for voltammetric determination of Al(III) as Al(III)-cupferron complexes, which was used for analyzing solutions from exposed aluminum alloy AA2024. Optimized experimental conditions and procedures led to promising results, with a linear calibration graph and good accuracy demonstrated through analysis of synthetic samples.
Article
Electrochemistry
Kantharao Kancharla, Kiran Kumar Tadi
Summary: In this study, ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of lead ions was achieved using MoS2 quantum dots. The sensor showed a wide linear range, low detection limit, and stable response even in the presence of other metal ions. Practical applicability of the sensor was demonstrated through successful detection of lead ions in agricultural soil and groundwater samples.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Gul Sirin Ustabasi, Ismail Yilmaz, Mustafa Ozcan, Ebru Cetinkaya
Summary: Pencil graphite electrode modified with MWCNT and Bi3+ showed improved sensitivity and reduced charge transfer resistance in the simultaneous analysis of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+. This modification method offers effective electroanalytical performance with low time consumption and cost.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Anna Gorska, Beata Paczosa-Bator, Marek Szlosarczyk, Robert Piech
Summary: A new highly sensitive voltammetric method for captopril determination was developed using a renewable amalgam film electrode. The method showed low detection limit and good linearity range, suitable for analyzing samples such as tablets containing CPT and urine.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ceren Yildiz, Dilek Eskikoy Bayraktepe, Zehra Yazan, Muserref Onal
Summary: This study presents a electrochemical sensor based on pencil graphite electrode and its application in the quantification of heavy metals. The sensor has a high conductive surface area, capable of producing high signals, making it more suitable for electrochemical analysis compared to unmodified electrodes.
JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Tatyana V. Skiba, Yuriy V. Panasenko
Summary: A new anodic stripping voltammetry technique was developed for direct determination of zinc in seminal plasma of bulls. The technique utilized two types of electrodes, GCE and TMGE, and showed high accuracy, rapidity, selectivity, as well as low LODs and LOQs. The zinc content in the seminal plasma of bulls ranged from 6.1 to 13.0 mg L-1, which falls within the physiological limits and agrees well with literature data.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Hui Li, Jie Zhao, Shifan Zhao, Guofeng Cui
Summary: A novel three-electrode sensor was developed for simultaneous detection of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) by depositing a bismuth film on a screen-printed gold working electrode. The sensor showed a wide linear range, low detection limits, good anti-interference ability, and stability. Such sensors are expected to be useful for portable heavy metal detection applications.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Vesna Antunovic, Tatjana Tripkovic, Biljana Tomasevic, Rada Baosic, Dijana Jelic, Aleksandar Lolic
Summary: This study utilized a Nafion-modified glassy carbon electrode and MnCo2O4 nanoparticles for the determination of Pb and Cu in anodic stripping voltammetry. The modified electrode showed enhanced sensitivity compared to the bare electrode, enabling successful detection of Pb and Cu in wine samples.
ANALYTICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mohammad Reza Jalali Sarvestani, Tayyebeh Madrakian, Abbas Afkhami
Summary: In this study, a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor was developed for the detection of ultra-trace levels of Pb2+. The sensor was modified with an in-situ electroplated bismuth film and a nanocomposite of a recently synthesized melamine based covalent organic framework and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The combination of Fe3O4@SNW1 and the bismuth film significantly enhanced the sensitivity of the sensor towards Pb2+. The optimized sensor showed a linear response in the concentration range of 0.003-0.3 μmol L-1 with a detection limit of 0.95 nmol L-1. The sensor demonstrated good selectivity towards Pb2+ and was successfully applied for the determination of Pb2+ in different edible specimens.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Tatyana V. Skiba, Nikolay S. Medvedev, Alphya R. Tsygankova, Yuriy V. Panasenko
Summary: In this study, thick film modified graphite sensors were used to simultaneously determine the levels of copper, lead, cadmium, and zinc in mussel tissue from the Sea of Japan. The samples were prepared by wet mineralization and analyzed using anodic stripping voltammetry. The developed method is rapid, inexpensive, reproducible, and has high selectivity and low limits of detection.
ANALYTICAL LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Martijn Eikelboom, Yaxuan Wang, Gemma Portlock, Arthur Gourain, Joseph Gardner, Jay Bullen, Paul Lewtas, Matthieu Carriere, Alexandra Alvarez, Arun Kumar, Shane O'Prey, Tamas Tolgyes, Dario Omanovic, Subhamoy Bhowmick, Dominik Weiss, Pascal Salaun
Summary: The voltammetric determination of total inorganic arsenic in near-neutral pH conditions using a new commercially available 25 μm diameter gold microwire was presented. The method has better analytical parameters than previous methods and is easier to implement, enabling cheaper groundwater surveying campaigns with in-the-field analysis for quick data reporting, even in remote communities.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ceren Yildiz, Dilek Eskikoey Bayraktepe, Zehra Yazan
Summary: Thin-film disposable screen-printed electrodes modified in situ with bismuth and mercury coatings were prepared to enhance the sensitivities and limits of detection of heavy metal ions. The Bi/Hg film electrode exhibited good analytical performance with low detection limits, excellent repeatability, and reasonable interferences by various inorganic species.
MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko, Damian Gorylewski, Jedrzej Kozak
Summary: This paper introduces a simple and highly sensitive V(V) analysis procedure by selecting a new supporting electrolyte composition and an appropriate complexing agent, which significantly enhances the sensitivity of V(V). The procedure shows accurate results within various concentration ranges and has broad application prospects.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Megumi Kasuno, Hitomi Osuga, Katsuya Shina, Takuya Yamazaki
Summary: A flow coulometric electroanalytical system was developed to determine the Pb(II) content with high efficiency and low detection limits. Selective determination of Pb(II) was successfully achieved by adjusting the electrodeposition potential.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jan Sawicki, Anna Danielewicz, Magdalena Wojciak, Michal Latalski, Agnieszka Skalska-Kaminska, Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko, Ireneusz Sowa
Summary: The study tested various digestion conditions using a microwave-assisted system and a carbon heating block, revealing that total digestion of titanium was not possible in the tested conditions and the maximal level of digested titanium was below 70%. The optimal mineralisation condition for preparing paraspinal samples to analyze the soluble form of titanium was found to be with concentrated nitric acid.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jedrzej Kozak, Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko, Magdalena Wojciak, Ireneusz Sowa
Summary: An electrochemically activated screen-printed carbon electrode modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate was developed for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol, diclofenac, and tramadol. The electrode showed good linear response and selectivity under optimized conditions, with successful application in detecting the three analytes in river water, serum samples, and pharmaceuticals.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jedrzej Kozak, Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko, Ilona Sadok, Krzysztof Sztanke, Malgorzata Sztanke
Summary: In this paper, a new analytical method using a screen-printed carbon electrode modified with carbon nanofibers was proposed for the detection and quantification of the potential anti-cancer drug candidate 4-Cl-PIMT. The method showed good linear response in two linear ranges and had low limits of detection and quantification. The sensor also exhibited high reproducibility, repeatability, and selectivity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko, Jedrzej Kozak, Bozena Czech
Summary: This article explores the use of screen-printed voltammetric sensors for the determination of painkiller residues in environmental water samples. These electrodes offer simplicity, reliability, portability, and cost-effectiveness, and can be further improved by modifying the electrode surface.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jedrzej Kozak, Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko, Magdalena Wojciak, Ireneusz Sowa, Marek Rotko
Summary: Testosterone, despite its potential harm, can be accurately determined using a modified screen-printed carbon sensor. The method allows for selective and sensitive detection of testosterone in biological fluids and environmental samples, with a wide linear range. The sensor was successfully applied to determine testosterone in reference materials and wastewater, without the need for extensive preparation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jedrzej Kozak, Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko, Krzysztof Sztanke, Malgorzata Sztanke
Summary: A sensitive and selective sodium dodecyl sulfate-modified screen-printed carbon sensor (SPCE/SDS) was used for the quantitative analysis of 3-(4-Nitrophenyl)-8-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-7,8-dihydroimidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-4(6H)-one (NDIT). The sensor showed excellent behavior in the electrochemical reduction of NDIT and had a wide linear range and low detection limit. It was successfully applied to the analysis of spiked human serum samples.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jedrzej Kozak, Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko, Radovan Metelka
Summary: In this paper, a highly sensitive voltammetric sensor for the determination of the anti-cancer antibiotic bleomycin (BLM) was developed. This sensor is based on a screen-printed carbon sensor that is electrochemically pretreated and decorated with lead nanoparticles in the sample solution. The sensor exhibited low limits of detection and quantification, a wide linear range, and high sensitivity. It was successfully applied for the determination of BLM in wastewater and human urine samples.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Ireneusz Sowa, Magdalena Wojciak, Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko, Tomasz Klepka, Slawomir Dresler
Summary: Polyaniline (PANI) and its composites have been widely used as sorbents in sample preparation techniques. They exhibit high affinity towards various analytes and can be formed into different shapes. PANI and its composites have been successfully applied in the sample preparation before determination of different analytes in various matrices.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Barbara Miroslaw, Oleg M. Demchuk, Roman Luboradzki, Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko
Summary: The study synthesized low-molecular-weight organogelators (LMOGs) derived from two endogenous (L)-alanine, (L)-leucine, and three exogenous (L)-valine, (L)-phenylalanine, and (L)-proline amino acids using lauric acid. Crystallographic diffraction and energy frameworks analysis were used to investigate the organization and gelling properties of these compounds. The findings provide valuable insights for designing new low-molecular-weight organic gelators.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko, Damian Gorylewski
Summary: The development of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) material is critical for the fast and simple sensing of the arsenic drug roxarsone (ROX). The CTAB-modified GCE showed excellent behavior for electrochemical reduction of ROX using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWAdSV) techniques. The surfactant-modified material has faster electron transfer and a higher active surface area, allowing a diffusion-adsorption-controlled process.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ireneusz Sowa, Jaroslaw Moldoch, Roman Paduch, Maciej Strzemski, Jacek Szkutnik, Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko, Slawomir Dresler, Dariusz Szczepanek, Magdalena Wojciak
Summary: This study investigated the polyphenolic composition of Carlina acaulis and demonstrated its anti-cancer potential. The plant was found to be rich in chlorogenic acids and flavonoids. Further fractionation revealed that subfractions containing fatty acids had significant inhibitory effects on cancer cells. The research highlighted the promising attributes of C. acaulis and called for further exploration of its biological activity.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Magdalena Greluk, Marek Rotko, Grzegorz Slowik, Sylwia Turczyniak-Surdacka, Gabriela Grzybek, Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko
Summary: The promotional effect of potassium on a Co/MnOx catalyst in the steam reforming of ethanol (SRE) process was investigated. The addition of potassium significantly improved the stability and ability for C-C bond cleavage of the catalyst. The enhancement in activity, selectivity to hydrogen and carbon dioxide production was attributed to the influence of the alkali promoter on the reducibility of cobalt and manganese oxides. Microscopic observations showed that the formation of fibrous carbon deposits led to the deactivation of the catalysts under SRE conditions, but the potassium-promoted catalyst exhibited lower carbon accumulation compared to the unpromoted sample.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko, Damian Gorylewski, Rafal Olchowski, Ryszard Dobrowolski
Summary: This paper presents a new electrode material called diclofenac-impregnated mesoporous carbon modified with a cationic surfactant, which is used for ultratrace analysis of the arsenic drug roxarsone. The modified material showed excellent sensitivity and a wide linear range for detecting the drug in water samples without complicated pretreatment steps. This novel electrode material has great potential for environmental analysis of arsenic drugs.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jedrzej Kozak, Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko, Aleksy Keller, Magdalena Wojciak, Ireneusz Sowa
Summary: The purpose of this study was to develop a simple, fast, and sensitive method for determining the polyphenolic antioxidant curcumin. By electrochemically activating a screen-printed boron-doped diamond electrode, the analytical signal of curcumin was significantly amplified. Under optimized conditions, the method achieved a very low detection limit and yielded consistent results compared to other commonly used methods.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ireneusz Sowa, Roman Paduch, Jaroslaw Moldoch, Dariusz Szczepanek, Jacek Szkutnik, Pawel Sowa, Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko, Tomasz Blicharski, Magdalena Wojciak
Summary: This study assessed the cytotoxic potential of Carlina vulgaris against human colorectal adenocarcinoma and identified several compounds linked to this effect. One of the compounds exhibited significant cytotoxicity, although without selectivity. The cytotoxicity was associated with the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yujia Ying, Huilin Li
Summary: Enzymes play a crucial role as biological catalysts in accelerating biochemical reactions in living organisms. This study proposes a convenient method for monitoring enzymatic catalytic processes using native top-down mass spectrometry. By exploring the heterogeneity of the chymotrypsin sample and using tandem mass spectrometry, the researchers were able to monitor covalent and noncovalent enzymatic complexes, substrates, and products during catalysis. The results demonstrate that this method has the potential to be a promising tool for characterizing biocatalysts.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Kang Yang, Shuaibo Shi, Jinyu Wu, Shaolong Han, Shengdi Tai, Shishen Zhang, Kun Zhang
Summary: H2O and D2O are important analogues closely related to various industries and monitoring fields. This study successfully distinguishes and detects H2O and D2O by designing a novel eu(III)-macrocycle with dual emitters, Eu-2a, and conducting fluorescence titration experiments.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Julia Kuligowski, Alvaro Perez-Rubio, Marta Moreno-Torres, Polina Soluyanova, Judith Perez-Rojas, Ivan Rienda, David Perez-Guaita, Eugenia Pareja, Ramon Trullenque-Juan, Jose Castell, Marcha Verheijen, Florian Caiment, Ramiro Jover, Guillermo Quintas
Summary: This study introduces a novel variable selection approach called cluster PLS (c-PLS) to assess the joint impact of variable groups selected based on biological characteristics on the predictive performance of a multivariate model. The usefulness of c-PLS is shown using miRNomic and metabolomic datasets obtained from the analysis of liver tissue biopsies.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Meixue Lai, Lijie Zhong, Siyi Liu, Yitian Tang, Tingting Han, Huali Deng, Yu Bao, Yingming Ma, Wei Wang, Li Niu, Shiyu Gan
Summary: This study presents a method for constructing wearable sweat electrolyte sensors using carbon fiber-based solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs). By using carbon fibers extracted from commercial cloth as electrode material, the cost and reproducibility issues of flexible SC-ISEs were addressed. The results showed that the carbon fiber-based SC-ISEs exhibited reversible voltammetric and stable impedance performances, and had high reproducibility of standard potentials between normal and bending states.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ke Yang, Ying Liu, Min Deng, Peipei Wang, Dan Cheng, Songjiao Li, Longwei He
Summary: A near-infrared fluorescent probe has been developed to accurately measure the levels of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in acute lung injury (ALI). The probe demonstrated rapid response, high selectivity, good sensitivity, and enhanced fluorescence intensity in response to ONOO-. It was successfully used to detect changes in ONOO- levels and showed significant increases in an ALI cell model and an ALI mouse model.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yanping Wang, Yuemei Chen, Kejun Li, Jinrong Zhou, Xin Yuan, Mei Zhang, Ke Huang
Summary: In this work, a portable analytical system based on point discharge chemical vapor generation atomic emission spectrometry (PD-CVG-AES) coupling with gold filament enrichment was designed. The highly sensitive analysis of Hg2+ indirectly realized the detection of ascorbic acid (AA). The measurement is based on the fact that Ag+ can decrease the concentration of Hg2+ by forming Ag-Hg amalgam in the presence of the reductant SnCl2, while AA can pre-reduce Ag+ to Ag0, leading to the generation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The developed novel analytical strategy broadens the application of microplasma-based AES and offers a higher level of sensitivity compared to current AA detection techniques.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yundi Huang, Bo Song, Kaiwen Chen, Deshu Kong, Jingli Yuan
Summary: This study developed two lysosome-targetable background-free TGL probes for efficient and accurate detection of 1O2, which can be used for monitoring endogenous 1O2 concentrations in lysosomes and discriminating variability induced by different photosensitizers. Furthermore, a smart luminescent sensor film was successfully prepared for on-site 1O2 production detection during PDT processes, offering a promising clinical monitoring tool for skin diseases.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Wei Lang, Jia-Mei Qin, Qian-Yong Cao
Summary: A novel polymer-based probe P1 was successfully synthesized for fluorescently ratiometric sensing of H2S with high selectivity and sensitivity. A smartphone sensing platform was constructed to conduct visual quantitative detection of H2S. P1 can be employed in evaluating the level fluctuations of H2S in living cells, testing water samples/wine samples, and monitoring food freshness.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yuanyuan Qin, Shuda Liu, Shuyun Meng, Dong Liu, Tianyan You
Summary: The study developed a split aptamer-based sandwich-type ratiometric biosensor for the detection of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) using photoelectrochemical and electrochemical assays. The biosensor utilized split aptamer fragments to recognize E2 and trigger a hybridization chain reaction, resulting in the production of double-stranded DNA labeled with CdTe quantum dots. This DNA complex was able to sensitize CdTe quantum dots and generate response signals for E2 detection. The developed biosensor demonstrated high sensitivity and accuracy with two linear ranges and low detection limits.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Siriwan Teepoo, Jongjit Jantra, Khaunnapa Panapong, David Taiwo Ajayi
Summary: A novel immunochromatographic assay based on hyperbranched Au plasmonic blackbodies with a smartphone readout was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of leucomalachite green residues in fish and shrimp products.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Andrea L. Larraga-Urdaz, Borja Moreira-Alvarez, Jorge Ruiz Encinar, Jose M. Costa-Fernandez, Maria Luisa Fernandez-Sanchez
Summary: A major challenge in the 21st century is the development of point-of-care diagnostic tools. In this study, a highly sensitive and simple bioassay using AuNPs and MNAzymes was developed for rapid detection and quantification of miRNA-4739. The proposed strategy shows potential for breast cancer diagnosis.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xiaohan Zhao, Anyu Wang, Lingzi Zhai, Jiuhe Gao, Sizhe Lyu, Yingshan Jiang, Tian Zhong, Ying Xiao, Xi Yu
Summary: A novel method using polystyrene-coated magnetic nanoparticles for extracting monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from urine samples was investigated. The proposed method is simple, sensitive, and efficient, with desirable sensitivity for analyzing low-abundance metabolites in large volumes of complex urine samples.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ke Quan, Yuqing Zeng, Wenke Zhang, Fengfeng Li, Mengjiao Li, Zhihe Qing, Linlin Wu
Summary: In this study, a visual and reusable biosensor was developed for detecting substrates that are closely associated with human physiological health. The immobilized oxidase showed higher stability and sensitivity under harsh conditions, enabling reliable detection of substrates in complex fluids.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Dongjuan Wang, Xiuqian Ding, Jinling Xie, Juan Wang, Guanhao Li, Xin Zhou
Summary: In this study, a three-in-one sensor was developed for real-time detection of biogenic amines (BAs) with high sensitivity and selectivity. The sensor showed multimodal responses and could be used to fabricate portable devices for on-site non-destructive assessment of food spoilage indicators.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jinting Meng, Zihao Xu, Shasha Zheng, Hongqun Yang, Tianfu Wang, Hong Wang, Yingwei Zhang
Summary: This study demonstrates the development of a cascade signal amplification system using a multi-pedal DNA walker and strand displacement reactions for the electrochemical detection of miRNA-155. The biosensor exhibited high sensitivity, selectivity, and the potential for clinical applications.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
