Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Osama Mahmoud, Frank Dudbridge, George Davey Smith, Marcus Munafo, Kate Tilling
Summary: This article presents a method called 'Slope-Hunter' that corrects conditional bias in genetic associations using model-based clustering. The study found that this method eliminates bias and outperforms alternatives even in the presence of genetic correlation.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Guifen Wang, Meijun Ou, Hong Chen, Shujuan Zhu, Yongyi Chen, Xianghua Xu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the nutritional risk status and dynamic changes in patients with perioperative oral cancer at different stages, and analyze the factors influencing nutritional risk and the correlation among body mass index, nutrition-related symptoms, and nutritional risk. The results showed that the incidence of nutritional risk in patients with perioperative oral cancer was high and changed over time. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the nutritional monitoring and management of postoperative patients or those with low education level, advanced-stage cancer, flap repair, tracheotomy, and low body mass index; strengthen tobacco control management; and control nutrition-related discomfort symptoms in perioperative oral cancer patients.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Indah Suci Widyahening, Dhanasari Vidiawati, Trevino A. Pakasi, Pradana Soewondo, Abdillah Ahsan
Summary: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) pose a significant public health challenge in Indonesia, and their risk factors are associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality. This study investigated the NCD risk profile among university employees in Indonesia and its relationship with contracting COVID-19. The findings revealed a high prevalence of NCD risk factors among university administrative employees, which increased their susceptibility to COVID-19. The study highlights the urgent need for a behavioral intervention program to manage NCD risk factors at the university level.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vitor Barreto Paravidino, Tatiana Henriques Leite, Mauro Felippe Felix Mediano, Rosely Sichieri, Gulnar Azevedo e Silva, Victor Cravo, Alex Balduino, Emmanuel Salgueiro, Bruno Adler Maccagnan Pinheiro Besen, Rodrigo de Carvalho Moreira, Carlos Eduardo Brandao, Danilo Cosme Klein Gomes, Cinthia Almeida Guimaraes Assemany, Pedro Cougo
Summary: The present study evaluated the association between obesity and COVID-19 mortality and length of stay in ICU patients, and how these associations were modified by age groups. The study found that severe obesity in the younger group was associated with increased risk of COVID-19 mortality, while underweight patients also had increased risk of death. Mild/moderate obesity in the elderly group was associated with reduced mortality risk. Additionally, severe obesity in the younger group was linked to longer ICU stay, while survivors in the underweight category had shorter ICU stay. Mild/moderate obesity in the elderly group was associated with increased length of stay in the ICU.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ambica Bora, Alexandre Fisette
Summary: Understanding the impact of obesity on the brain and its role in triggering neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration relies on animal models. However, there is a gap between the timeline of human obesity and typical preclinical protocols. This emphasizes the need for chronic obesity models to study the pathophysiology of human obesity.
TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Josephine Q. Concepcion, Lue-Yen Tucker, Karen Huang
Summary: Metformin combined with lifestyle interventions significantly reduced weight, BMI, and BMI z score in pediatric patients with obesity and insulin resistance compared with intensive and routine counseling alone.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kazuhiro Ota, Toshihisa Takeuchi, Daisuke Masuda, Makoto Sanomura, Keishi Kojima, Yoshihiko Nakanishi, Masahiro Hoshimoto, Takeshi Higashino, Akira Imoto, Toshihiko Okada, Sadaharu Nouda, Hirota Miyazaki, Haruhiko Ozaki, Kirie Hashimoto Fukuda, Takanori Kuramoto, Noriaki Sugawara, Toshikazu Onishi, Yoshiaki Takahashi, Hiroyuki Tsujimoto, Yuta Yokoya, Kazumi Kawabata, Shinya Nishida, Akitoshi Hakoda, Taro Iwatsubo, Shimpei Kawaguchi, Yuichi Kojima, Kazuhide Higuchi
Summary: Risk factors for bleeding after PEG include PEG tube insertion using the modified introducer method, low platelet count, antiplatelet therapy, and heparinization; risk factors for early death include low BMI, low serum albumin levels, and comorbidity of active cancer.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
David Bann, Shaun Scholes, Rebecca Hardy, Dara O'Neill
Summary: The association between BMI and blood pressure has weakened in recent years, particularly among older adults. Despite an increase in the use of antihypertensive medication, BMI continues to be positively associated with systolic blood pressure.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mi Kyoung Son, Dae Sub Song, Kyoungho Lee, Hyun-Young Park
Summary: This study aimed to identify modifiable risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) in the midlife general population and estimate their impact. The results showed that high systolic blood pressure, obesity with central obesity, and an inactive lifestyle were significantly associated with incident AF. Maintaining or achieving a lower burden of modifiable risk factors was associated with decreased AF risk.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Animesh Talukder, Shams Shabab Haider, Rajat Das Gupta
Summary: This study examines the prevalence of underweight and obesity in Timor-Leste and identifies associated factors. The findings indicate a significant burden of underweight and overweight in the country. Age, sex, wealth, and marital status are identified as factors associated with underweight and overweight.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Kohei Yamaguchi, Koji Hara, Kazuharu Nakagawa, Kanako Yoshimi, Chantaramanee Ariya, Ayako Nakane, Junichi Furuya, Haruka Tohara
Summary: Age is significantly associated with muscle deterioration, with older adults experiencing changes in tongue and suprahyoid muscles related to swallowing function. Tailored interventions are necessary for specific muscles to prevent dysphagia associated with aging.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xuanming Hong, Zhiyu Wu, Weihua Cao, Jun Lv, Canqing Yu, Tao Huang, Dianjianyi Sun, Chunxiao Liao, Yuanjie Pang, Zengchang Pang, Liming Cong, Hua Wang, Xianping Wu, Yu Liu, Wenjing Gao, Liming Li
Summary: This study found that both genetic and environmental factors play essential roles in obesity and cardiometabolic disease traits. However, as age increases, the influence of genetic factors decreases and the importance of environmental factors increases.
Article
Neurosciences
Hong-Jian Gong, Xingyao Tang, Yin-He Chai, Yu-Shun Qiao, Hui Xu, Ikramulhaq Patel, Jin-Yan Zhang, Rafael Simo, Jian-Bo Zhou
Summary: This study found that weight change patterns from young adulthood to midlife and late adulthood have an impact on cognitive function in older adults. Participants who transitioned from non-obese to obese in early adulthood had lower scores on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Additionally, individuals who had their heaviest weight between the ages of 18 and 40 had lower scores on the same test compared to those with their heaviest weight recorded after the age of 60.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
David A. Gorelick
Summary: This comprehensive review of human adipose tissue fails to mention the role of the endocannabinoid system in fat metabolism. The endogenous cannabinoids and their receptors, found in both white and brown fat, have been recognized as key players in adipose tissue metabolism. Rimonabant, an inverse agonist of cannabinoid receptor type 1, has shown promising effects as a therapeutic target for obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, although its clinical use was discontinued due to neuropsychiatric side effects.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Yu-Chao Hsiao, Jen-Hung Wang, Chia-Hsiang Chu, Yu-Hsun Chang, Jui-Shia Chen, Rong-Hwa Jan, Shang-Hsien Yang, Ming-Chun Chen, Wei-Chih Chou, Shao-Yin Chu, Pei-Chun Lai, Ching-Feng Cheng, Pin-Yun Chiu, Yu-Hsuan Liu, Yung-Chieh Chang
Summary: The study found that obesity in children aged 6-13 was associated with weight gain and height gain. Obese children had higher growth velocity than normal BMI groups between 6 and 9 years of age, but overweight and obese girls between 9 and 13 years had lower growth velocity than underweight girls.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)