Wayne Grimm's Legacy: A 40-Year Experiment on the Dispersal ofCepaea nemoralisin Frederick County, Maryland

Summary: Single biochar application has a long-lasting effect on soil ecosystem multifunctionality (SEMF) and crop yield, especially in acidic soil. This study found that the legacy effect of biochar application lasted three years consistently and the magnitude of the legacy effect increased with higher biochar application rates. The increase in SEMF due to biochar application directly and indirectly contributed to higher rice yield by increasing aboveground biomass, the number of grains per panicle, and seed setting rate.

Summary: Climate change causes species to shift their distributions, but the ability to track this shift varies greatly among different species. To better predict the range shifts due to climate change, it is important to integrate long-term empirical data and predictive modeling. In this study, the researchers evaluated the long-term consequences of climate change on the bluebell plant species by combining species distribution models with demographic data from a transplant experiment. The results showed that while bluebell can establish viable populations beyond its natural range, it is expected to experience serious population declines in its current natural distribution due to slow demography and colonization rates.