Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
Volume 88, Issue 1, Pages 116-126Publisher
AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0276
Keywords
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Funding
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [1U01/GH000028, U50/CCU021236-01, 3U51/GH000011-02]
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONCYT) de Guatemala [FD19-03]
- Fondo de Ciencia y Tecnologia (FODECYT) de Guatemala [03-2007]
- National Science Foundation [EF-0914866]
- National Institutes of Health [1R01AI090159-01]
- CDC
- Direct For Biological Sciences [0914866] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Environmental Biology [0914866] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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West Nile virus ecology has yet to be rigorously investigated in the Caribbean Basin. We identified a transmission focus in Puerto Barrios, Guatemala, and established systematic monitoring of avian abundance and infection, seroconversions in domestic poultry, and viral infections in mosquitoes. West Nile virus transmission was detected annually between May and October from 2005 to 2008. High temperature and low rainfall enhanced the probability of chicken seroconversions, which occurred in both urban and rural sites. West Nile virus was isolated from Culex quinquefasciatus and to a lesser extent, from Culex mollis/Culex inflictus, but not from the most abundant Culex mosquito, Culex nigripalpus. A calculation that combined avian abundance, seroprevalence, and vertebrate reservoir competence suggested that great-tailed grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus) is the major amplifying host in this ecosystem. West Nile virus transmission reached moderate levels in sentinel chickens during 2007, but less than that observed during outbreaks of human disease attributed to West Nile virus in the United States.
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