Article
Infectious Diseases
Temitope O. C. Faleye, Erin M. Driver, Devin A. Bowes, Abriana Smith, Nicole A. Kaiser, Jillian M. Wright, Ainsley R. Chapman, Rolf U. Halden, Arvind Varsani, Matthew Scotch
Summary: In this study, CPV genomes were sequenced from dog feces collected in poop bags, and a variant of CPV-2c with amino acid substitutions in NS1 and NS2 was identified in Arizona, USA in June 2022. This genome is the only CPV genome described in the USA from the 2022 season, despite reports of CPV outbreaks and fatalities in dogs. Further studies and experimental research are needed to enhance our understanding of the evolutionary process of CPV.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Shen Tian, Bao-Gui Jiang, Wan-Shuang Liu, Hao-Rong Chen, Zi-Hou Gao, En-Nian Pu, Yu-Qiong Li, Jin-Jin Chen, Li-Qun Fang, Guo-Lin Wang, Chun-Hong Du, Yue-Hong Wei
Summary: This study investigated the co-infections of zoonotic pathogens in rodents and shrews in four provinces of China, and found that species distribution and co-infections of zoonotic pathogens were prevalent in these wild mammals.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Erica Sims, Tasha Epp
Summary: This study aimed to establish a short list of zoonotic pathogens related to domestic dogs for a surveillance program specific to the Prairie Provinces of Canada. A comprehensive review of infectious disease textbooks yielded an initial list of 594 pathogens, which was then narrowed down to a final list of 84 pathogens through extensive literature review. Additionally, 3 supplementary lists of canine zoonotic pathogens relevant to future surveillance programs were identified.
CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL-REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sarah Russell, Rachel Quigley, Edward Strivens, Gavin Miller, Joan Norrie, Denise Craig, Jane Jordan, Reinhold Muller
Summary: The study aimed to examine the utility of using a culturally appropriate dementia screening tool (KICA-screen) in a telehealth setting. Results showed that KICA-screen can be reliably administered via videoconference and resulted in comparable scores to face-to-face testing in the majority of cases. The telehealth process was acceptable to participants, who were able to understand the process and complete the full screen via telehealth conditions.
JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Qiyu Tang, Chunyi Yang, Weitian Li, Yuhang Zhang, Xinying Wang, Weixin Wang, Zhiling Ma, Di Zhang, Yipeng Jin, Degui Lin
Summary: The incidence of zoonotic Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Microsporum canis infections is increasing due to close contact between animals and humans, posing challenges in human and veterinary medicine. The development of resistance and insufficient new antimicrobial agents have become major obstacles. Antimicrobial peptides show potential as emerging antimicrobials in combating microbial infections.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Denise Genereux, Lida Fan, Keith Brownlee
Summary: This paper discusses the treatment options for chronic kidney disease, including dialysis, as well as the psychosocial and somatic effects that Indigenous Peoples may experience when relocating from remote communities to urban centers for treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Alana Glecia, Pertice Moffitt
Summary: The purpose of this project is to understand Indigenous mothering in the context of Indigenous identities, IPV, and rural, remote, and northern places. Through a secondary analysis of 16 cases, a preliminary theory called 'Colonial Pathways In, Indigenous Pathways Through' was developed to explore Indigenous mothering during IPV. The study found that Indigenous mothers demonstrated resilience and resourcefulness in striving for their children's safety within an IPV context.
JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Elinor Shvartsman, Catia T. Perciani, Meika E. I. Richmond, Justen N. H. Russell, Riley H. Tough, Sarah J. Vancuren, Janet E. Hill, Walter Jaoko, Lyle R. McKinnon, Paul A. Sandstrom, Kelly S. MacDonald
Summary: Most cervicovaginal microbiome-immunology studies rely on 16S rDNA microbial profiling which cannot differentiate the subgroups of Gardnerella. This study used the cpn60 universal target to examine cervicovaginal microbial profiling and its association with inflammation and HIV susceptibility. The findings suggest that the associations between Gardnerella subgroups and mucosal immunity differ, providing insights into the mechanisms of BV-associated HIV risk.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Kayla Buhler, Emilie Bouchard, Stacey Elmore, Gustaf Samelius, Jessica Jackson, Matilde Tomaselli, Heather Fenton, Ray Alisauskas, Emily Jenkins
Summary: Tularemia is a zoonotic disease that may expand its range with warming temperatures. In the Canadian Arctic, arctic foxes serve as sentinels for the disease, with seroprevalence varying with climate and rodent populations. High seroprevalence was observed in 2018, following a peak in vole abundance in 2017, and antibodies were detected in fox pups born in subsequent years. Climate factors such as high summer precipitation, increased snow cover, and higher vole abundance were associated with increased seroprevalence in live-captured foxes.
Review
Immunology
Elinor Shvartsman, Janet E. Hill, Paul Sandstrom, Kelly S. MacDonald
Summary: Gardnerella species have been associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) and have been investigated as potential etiological agents. However, the isolation of this species from healthy individuals raises important questions about its role. Recent advancements in molecular approaches have expanded the Gardnerella genus to include different species with varying virulence potentials. Understanding the significance of these species in mucosal immunity, BV pathogenesis, and reproductive health is crucial in solving the enigma of BV.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Pashupati Bhandari, Jeffrey Tingley, D. Wade Abbott, Janet E. Hill
Summary: Gardnerella spp. are able to produce enzymes that can digest glycogen, which serves as a food source for vaginal bacteria. This study provides insights into the enzyme activity of Gardnerella spp.
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Xinrui Huang, Iratxe Torre, Michele Chiappi, Zhan Yin, Anupama Vydyanath, Shuangyi Cao, Oliver Raschdorf, Morgan Beeby, Bonnie Quigley, Pieter P. de Tombe, Jun Liu, Edward P. Morris, Pradeep K. Luther
Summary: Myosin binding protein C (MyBP-C) is a rod-shaped protein composed of 10 or 11 immunoglobulin- or fibronectin-like domains that binds to the thick filament in vertebrate cardiac muscle. It regulates contraction in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and its 3D organization in the sarcomere may provide insights into its function. Cryo-electron tomography revealed the fine structure of MyBP-C in relaxed rat cardiac muscle, showing its connection to actin and suggesting potential interactions with myosin heads. The finding of a distinct structure at Stripe 4 may have broader implications in cardiac and skeletal muscles.
JOURNAL OF MUSCLE RESEARCH AND CELL MOTILITY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Temitope U. Kolapo, Allison Hay, Karen M. Gesy, Caroline F. Frey, Jamie L. Rothenburger, Danny J. Joffe, Tim Spotswood, Yanyun Huang, Alessandro Massolo, Andrew S. Peregrine, Janet E. Hill, Emily J. Jenkins
Summary: This study reviewed 27 cases of canine alveolar echinococcosis (AE) reported since 2009 in Western Canada. The median age at diagnosis was 4 years and there was no sex predilection and different breeds were involved. The most common clinical sign was abdominal distension and medical imaging revealed an abdominal mass. Dogs that were not treated had a significantly lower survival rate compared to treated dogs.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Scott J. J. Dos Santos, Zahra Pakzad, Arianne Y. K. Albert, Chelsea N. N. Elwood, Kirsten Grabowska, Matthew G. G. Links, Jennifer A. A. Hutcheon, Evelyn J. J. Maan, Amee R. R. Manges, Tim J. J. Dumonceaux, Zoe G. Hodgson, Janet Lyons, Sheona M. M. Mitchell-Foster, Soren Gantt, K. S. Joseph, Julie E. E. Van Schalkwyk, Janet E. E. Hill, Deborah M. M. Money
Summary: Birth mode has a significant effect on the composition of neonatal gut microbiome within 10 days postpartum, but this effect is not influenced by maternal vaginal microbiome composition. There is no correlation between the vaginal and stool microbiome communities of newborns. Intrapartum antibiotic administration is associated with lower abundances of specific bacterial strains in infant stool.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Scott J. Dos Santos, Ishika Shukla, Janet E. Hill, Deborah M. Money
Summary: The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in human health, and alterations during critical developmental stages can have long-term effects. The lack of exposure to maternal vaginal microbes during caesarean delivery is thought to lead to gut microbiome dysbiosis. However, our study found limited transmission of the maternal vaginal microbiome to the neonatal gut, even in cases of vaginal delivery, suggesting alternative sources for the neonatal gut microbiome.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Pashupati Bhandari, Janet E. Hill
Summary: Increased abundance of Gardnerella spp. is a diagnostic characteristic of bacterial vaginosis, an imbalance in the human vaginal microbiome associated with troubling symptoms and negative reproductive health outcomes. Competition for nutrients is likely an important factor in causing dramatic shifts in the vaginal microbial community.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Darien Deschner, Dhinesh Periyasamy, Cheryl L. Waldner, Champika Fernando, Janet E. Hill
Summary: The lack of whole genome sequences for Mannheimia spp. other than Mannheimia haemolytica hinders their identification. This study presents the genome sequence of Mannheimia bovis 39324.S-11 and compares it with the only other publicly available sequence of M. bovis, ZY190616(T).
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Bonnie L. Quigley, Peter Timms, Sharon Nyari, Philippa McKay, Jon Hanger, Samuel Phillips
Summary: Koalas are under threat of extinction due to factors such as infections caused by agents like chlamydia and Koala Retrovirus. Vaccines for these pathogens are being developed and have shown promising results in trials. This study aimed to enhance vaccine formulations by testing a novel peptide version of the Chlamydia vaccine and a combination Chlamydia-KoRV vaccine.
Article
Ecology
Qingyi Ren, Janet E. Hill
Summary: The gene encoding the 60 kDa chaperonin protein (cpn60) is a reliable barcode for bacteria and a useful target for studying microbial communities. Current methods for identifying cpn60 sequence variants rely on alignment to a reference database, but a naive Bayesian classifier offers a faster alternative. In this study, we trained a classifier using curated cpn60 sequence data and successfully classified a high percentage of sequences in microbiome datasets.
ISME COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Alexander K. K. Umbach, Champika Fernando, Janet E. E. Hill, Josh D. D. Neufeld
Summary: Despite the limited phylogenetic resolution of the 16S rRNA gene, the cpn60 gene provides greater sequence variation and species-level resolution, allowing for better analysis of co-evolutionary host-microbe associations. This study compared mammalian skin microbial profiles generated from cpn60 and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and found that although the microbial community profiles were similar, the cpn60 gene sequencing provided improved phylogenetic resolution and revealed previously unnoticed phylosymbiosis. Furthermore, the cpn60 gene sequencing showed increased phylogenetic resolution in the investigation of Staphylococcaceae taxa, uncovering potential co-evolutionary host-microbe associations.
ISME COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Juan C. Parra-Aguirre, Roman Nosach, Champika Fernando, Janet E. Hill, John C. S. Harding
Summary: This study aimed to improve the consistency of the experimental inoculation protocol for swine dysentery. The results showed that intragastric inoculation with a fresh broth culture of B. hyodysenteriae G44 strain resulted in a shorter incubation period and a higher proportionate duration of mucohemorrhagic diarrhea. Therefore, this method will be used in future research.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jennifer Abi Younes, Dana E. Ramsay, Stacey Lacoste, Darien Deschner, Janet E. Hill, John Campbell, Cheryl L. Waldner
Summary: The study revealed an increase in recovery of Mannheimia haemolytica isolates in healthy feedlot calves after metaphylactic exposure to tulathromycin, along with the emergence of resistance genes. While a significant shift in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distribution of tulathromycin was observed, the recovery of M. haemolytica did not decline in response to drug use.
CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL-REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE
(2022)
