Review
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Leila E. Harrison, Laura Fletcher, Dana Dunleavy, Tanisha Price-Johnson, Roopal Vashi Kundu, Glen T. Fogerty, Linda Berardi-Demo
Summary: This study examined how applicants interpret the self-reported disadvantaged (SRD) question in the American Medical College Application Service (AMCAS) application. The results showed significant differences between SRD and non-SRD applicants in terms of background, financial status, educational environment, and personal experiences. The interviews also revealed applicants' concerns about the lack of transparency in how the SRD question is used in admissions.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Rishi K. Wadhera, Eric A. Secemsky, Yun Wang, Robert W. Yeh, Samuel Z. Goldhaber
Summary: The study found that socioeconomically disadvantaged older adults hospitalized with PE have higher 1-year mortality rates compared with their nondisadvantaged counterparts, with nearly one in three of them being readmitted within 90 days. Therefore, targeted strategies are needed to improve transitional and ambulatory care for this vulnerable population.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Devika Nair, Kemberlee Bonnet, Marcus G. Wild, Ebele M. Umeukeje, Rachel B. Fissell, Marquetta L. Faulkner, Nader S. Bahri, Marino A. Bruce, David G. Schlundt, Kenneth A. Wallston, Kerri L. Cavanaugh
Summary: Patients with advanced CKD and low socioeconomic status lack control over disease progression, experience death anxiety and existential distress, and emphasize spirituality to cope. This study identifies novel components for a psychotherapeutic intervention for patients with advanced CKD at high risk for adverse health outcomes.
JOURNAL OF PAIN AND SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Calum A. Hamilton, Fiona E. Matthews, Daniel Erskine, Johannes Attems, Alan J. Thomas
Summary: The study found that individuals from the most deprived neighborhoods in the UK had significantly higher neurofibrillary tangle and neuritic plaque staging and an increased risk of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. These findings were not explained by risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, APOE genotype, alcohol misuse, smoking, sex, or age differences. Sensitivity analysis showed that baseline cognitive impairment did not meaningfully change the observed association.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Engida Yisma, Vincent L. Versace, Martin Jones, Sandra Walsh, Sara Jones, Esther May, Lee San Puah, Marianne Gillam
Summary: This study describes the distribution of registered occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and podiatrists in Australia, both at the national level and across states and territories, based on measures of rurality and area-level socioeconomic position.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Calyani Ganesan, Malorie Holmes, Sai Liu, Maria Montez-Rath, Simon Conti, Timothy C. C. Chang, Colin R. Lenihan, Xingxing S. S. Cheng, Glenn M. Chertow, John T. Leppert, Alan C. C. Pao
Summary: Background: Kidney stone disease is common and can lead to complications in kidney transplant recipients. This study found that approximately 2% of kidney transplant recipients were diagnosed with a kidney stone in the first 3 years after transplantation. Risk factors for kidney stone events included a history of kidney stones and longer dialysis vintage.
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Jenna Meiman, William A. Grobman, David M. Haas, Lynn M. Yee, Jiqiang Wu, Becky McNeil, Jun Wu, Brian Mercer, Hyagriv Simhan, Uma Reddy, Robert Silver, Samuel Parry, George Saade, Courtney D. Lynch, Kartik K. Venkatesh
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated the association between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and the risk of postpartum readmission using the Area Deprivation Index (ADI). They found that individuals living in neighborhoods with higher levels of deprivation were at an increased risk of postpartum readmission compared to those living in neighborhoods with lower levels of deprivation. These findings suggest that measures of community-level social determinants of health, such as the ADI, can be useful in informing postpartum care after delivery discharge.
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Nilka Rios Burrows, Alain Koyama, Meda E. Pavkov
Summary: This article discusses trends in end-stage kidney disease in the US from 2000 to 2019, revealing a 42% increase in incident cases and a 119% increase in prevalent cases. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were identified as the primary causes for both incident and prevalent cases. These trends indicate a growing demand for organ transplantation, a potential negative impact on the future organ supply, and highlight the importance of improving access to kidney transplantation nationally.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
(2022)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Caitlyn D. Ahlberg, Sara Wallam, Lemya A. Tirba, Stephanie N. Itumba, Linda Gorman, Panagis Galiatsatos
Summary: This study aims to examine how factors in disadvantage influence health disparities related to sepsis. The results show a link between social risk factors such as geographical location and poverty and the incidence of sepsis. In neighborhoods with socioeconomic disadvantage and significant poverty, there are disproportionately higher rates of sepsis incidence, mortality, readmissions, and associated complications. Chronic arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus also occur more frequently in the same geographic distribution as sepsis, suggesting a potential shared pathophysiology.
JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Chuyao Jin, Xiaochen Dai, Gita D. Mishra, Yu Wang, Xiaolin Xu
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the impact of childhood socioeconomic disadvantage on the risks of depression and physical multimorbidity in later life, and to explore whether depression mediates the association between childhood socioeconomic disadvantage and physical multimorbidity. The results show that childhood socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with increased risks of depression and physical multimorbidity in later life, and depression plays a mediating role in the association between childhood socioeconomic disadvantage and physical multimorbidity, especially among females.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Brynne A. Sullivan, Ayush Doshi, Pavel Chernyavskiy, Ameena Husain, Alexandra Binai, Rakesh Sahni, Karen D. Fairchild, J. Randall Moorman, Colm P. Travers, Zachary A. Vesoulis
Summary: This study investigates the association between socioeconomic status and hospital outcomes among premature infants. The findings suggest that the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), a measure of neighborhood disadvantage, is associated with neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) mortality and morbidity in extremely premature infants.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Md Irteja Islam, Gail M. Ormsby, Enamul Kabir, Rasheda Khanam
Summary: This study aimed to measure and compare socioeconomic inequalities in mental health problems among Australian adolescents, finding that adolescents from economically worse-off families experienced more mental health-related problems compared to those from economically better-off families, which has implications for prevention strategies and government policy.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jason McIntyre, Anam Elahi, Cameron Latham, Helen Mullholland, Alina Haines-Delmont, Pooja Saini, Peter J. Taylor
Summary: The study found that socioeconomic disadvantage and lack of neighbourhood identity are associated with increased risk of self-harm and self-harm thoughts, while neighbourhood identity can play an important mitigating role. Despite some limitations, the results extend the relationship between social identity and mental health, providing important insights for preventing self-harm.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Anna Zajacova, Arjumand Siddiqi
Summary: Data from recent sources indicate that overall health in the U.S. remains worse than in Canada, but there is conflicting evidence regarding socioeconomic health inequalities. Canadian adults continue to report better health, but it is unclear whether health inequalities are smaller as well. Large-scale cross-national data collection is needed to better understand health and wellbeing in the U.S. and Canadian contexts.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Anita van Zwieten, Elizabeth G. Ryan, Patrina Caldwell, Kirsten Howard, Allison Tong, Jonathan C. Craig, Stephen Alexander, Martin Howell, Armando Teixeira-Pinto, Carmel M. Hawley, Shilpanjali Jesudason, Amanda Walker, Fiona Mackie, Sean E. Kennedy, Steven McTaggart, Hugh J. McCarthy, Simon A. Carter, Siah Kim, Reginald Woodleigh, Anna Francis, Alistair R. Mallard, Amelie Bernier-Jean, David W. Johnson, Deirdre Hahn, Donna Reidlinger, Elaine Pascoe, Julie Varghese, Charani Kiriwandeniya, Liza Vergara, Nicholas Larkins, Luke Macauley, Michelle Irving, Rabia Khalid, Chandana Guha, Germaine Wong
Summary: This update summarizes the key changes made to the protocol for the NAVKIDS(2) trial of patient navigators for children with chronic kidney disease and provides the previously unpublished statistical analysis plan. The changes include modifications to eligibility criteria, sites, sample size, consent procedures, and assessment timing to address the evolving needs of the trial.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Namrata Khanal, Paul D. Lawton, Alan Cass, Stephen P. McDonald
INTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Ronald M. Rapee, Lauren F. McLellan, Talia Carl, Nora Trompeter, Jennifer L. Hudson, Michael P. Jones, Viviana M. Wuthrich
Summary: This study compared a generic cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment for pediatric social anxiety disorder against a modified treatment. The results showed no significant difference between the two treatments in terms of remission of social anxiety disorder. Although the modified treatment showed some improvement in one maintaining process, overall there was little evidence that it significantly improved treatment outcomes for pediatric social anxiety disorder.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Nicholas M. Mohr, Uche Okoro, Karisa K. Harland, Brian M. Fuller, Kalyn Campbell, Morgan B. Swanson, Cole Wymore, Brett Faine, Anne Zepeski, Edith A. Parker, Luke Mack, Amanda Bell, Katie DeJong, Keith Mueller, Elizabeth Chrischilles, Christopher R. Carpenter, Kelli Wallace, Michael P. Jones, Marcia M. Ward
Summary: The study aimed to determine if provider-to-provider tele-emergency department (tele-ED) care is associated with better outcomes for patients in rural emergency departments (EDs). The study used medical records of sepsis patients from rural hospitals in a tele-ED network. The results showed that tele-ED care did not significantly improve 28-day hospital-free days, inhospital mortality, or guideline adherence compared to standard care. However, in a subgroup of patients treated by advanced practice providers, tele-ED was associated with lower mortality rates.
ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Amy Legg, Niamh Meagher, Sandra A. Johnson, Matthew A. Roberts, Alan Cass, Marc H. Scheetz, Jane Davies, Jason A. Roberts, Joshua S. Davis, Steven Y. C. Tong
Summary: The clinical risk factors for nephrotoxicity in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia are still unclear. In a clinical trial comparing standard therapy to combination therapy, it was found that the combination therapy group had a significantly higher incidence of acute kidney injury.
CLINICAL DRUG INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Natasha A. Koloski, Michael Jones, Marjorie M. Walker, Michael Horowitz, Gerald Holtmann, Nicholas J. Talley
Summary: Diabetes is an independent risk factor for an increased frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms, adjusting for lifestyle and psychological factors.
NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jedidiah Morton, Clara Marquina, Jonathan E. Shaw, Danny Liew, Kevan R. Polkinghorne, Zanfina Ademi, Dianna J. Magliano
Summary: The use of SGLT2i is cost-effective based on cardiovascular and kidney benefits for people with type 2 diabetes, while the use of GLP-1 RA is not.
Article
Oncology
Georgia K. B. Halkett, Elizabeth A. Lobb, Jane L. Phillips, Emma K. McDougall, Jenny Clarke, Rachel Campbell, Haryana M. Dhillon, Kevin McGeechan, Peter Hudson, Anne King, Helen Wheeler, Marina Kastelan, Anne Long, Anna K. Nowak, Care-IS Project Team
Summary: This study aimed to improve the preparedness and reduce distress of family carers through a nurse-led intervention. The complex intervention consisted of telephone assessment, resource folder, home visit, and monthly telephone support. The results showed that the intervention group had significantly higher preparedness for caregiving, but there was no difference in distress reduction.
JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Michael P. Jones, Gerald Holtmann
Summary: Placebo responses provide insights into mechanisms beyond the intervention and affect the potential efficacy of new interventions in clinical trials. This mini-review discusses the systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by Bosman and colleagues on placebo response in functional dyspepsia clinical trials. It also explores potential mechanisms of placebo response in the context of brain-gut interaction disorders and extra-gastrointestinal disorders.
NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Adam I. I. Kaplan, Yoav Mazor, Gillian M. M. Prott, Carol Sequeira, Michael P. Jones, Allison Malcolm
Summary: Recent community-based studies have found that having multiple concurrent functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) is associated with increased somatization, worse quality of life (QoL), and greater healthcare utilization. However, the presence of multiple overlapping FGIDs specifically in chronic constipation and functional defecation disorders (FDD) has not been studied. This study investigated the prevalence and impact of additional nonconstipation FGIDs on constipation severity, anorectal physiology, anxiety and depression, and QoL in patients with chronic constipation and FDD.
NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nick Goelen, Mike Jones, I-Hsuan Huang, Florenca Carbone, Pieter Janssen, Jan Tack
Summary: Gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia are disorders characterized by upper gastrointestinal symptoms and multifaceted etiologies. The association between symptom improvement and acceleration of gastric emptying (GE) by prokinetic agents is not clear. This meta-analysis aimed to provide a transparent update on the association between symptom improvement and GE acceleration in patients with gastroparesis.
UNITED EUROPEAN GASTROENTEROLOGY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Leandro Abreu da Fonseca, Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira, Jeny Soto, Michael P. Jones, Nancy Zagaya, Carolyn Cray
Summary: This study compared agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) methods and determined reference intervals for CZE using plasma from bald eagles. The results showed that these two methods are not equivalent, and CZE demonstrated better resolution and reproducibility for protein fraction quantitation.
VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Viviana M. Wuthrich, Dino Zagic, Sophie J. Dickson, Lauren F. McLellan, Jessamine T. -H. Chen, Michael P. Jones, Ronald M. Rapee
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of psychological interventions for internalising disorders in young people in routine settings. The study found that psychotherapy led to small significant benefits for anxiety and depression in youth with internalising disorders. However, the results were limited by different reporters and follow-up.
CLINICAL CHILD AND FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Anastasia Ejova, Michael P. Jones, Alissa P. Beath, Sarah L. Mckerchar, Akiko Okifuji
Summary: There is evidence that people with both fibromyalgia and functional gastrointestinal disorders experience more severe psychological symptoms. Using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), this study found that for individuals with fibromyalgia, accompanying GI symptoms lead to stronger bidirectional relationships between distress and bodily pain or fatigue.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Alison Craswell, Debbie Massey, Deepa Sriram, Marianne Wallis, Kevan Polkinghorne, Girish Talaulikar, Alan Cass, Martin Gallagher, Nicholas Gray, Sradha Kotwal
Summary: This study evaluates the implementation of a care bundle to standardize the practices of central venous catheters for hemodialysis. However, no reduction in catheter-related infections was observed. The process evaluation reveals that resistance to change in low-infection environments and the need for individualized patient education are barriers to the adoption of the care bundle.
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
David McNaughton, Rhys Hope, Emily Gray, Freya Xavier, Alissa Beath, Michael Jones
Summary: This study combines haptic technology and electrical engineering to determine an individual's level of sensory attenuation to somatic stimuli. Results from analyzing 138 participants showed that the number of replications of the target forces can be reduced without compromising the estimate of sensory attenuation, the optimal time window for extracting the matched force is 2.5-3 s, and participants' performance during the task remains stable.
BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS
(2023)