Review
Physiology
Jessica C. Pressey, Miranda de Saint-Rome, Vineeth A. Raveendran, Melanie A. Woodin
Summary: Synaptic inhibition plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal excitability, which depends on the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine and their effects on the Cl- gradient. CCCs, specifically NKCC1 and KCC2, regulate the Cl- gradient in neurons and play a critical role in healthy brain function. Understanding the mechanisms of CCC regulation and their impact on inhibitory synaptic plasticity can provide insights into neurological disorders. Techniques for estimating and recording intracellular Cl- can be useful for researchers interested in studying CCCs and neuronal excitability. Additionally, nonneuronal cells regulate neuronal excitability by modulating Cl- levels, and CCC-mediated alterations in neuronal excitability are implicated in neurological disorders.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Peter Hanna, Michael J. Dacey, Jaclyn Brennan, Alison Moss, Shaina Robbins, Sirisha Achanta, Natalia P. Biscola, Mohammed A. Swid, Pradeep S. Rajendran, Shumpei Mori, Joseph E. Hadaya, Elizabeth H. Smith, Stanley G. Peirce, Jin Chen, Leif A. Havton, Zixi (Jack) Cheng, Rajanikanth Vadigepalli, James Schwaber, Robert L. Lux, Igor Efimov, John D. Tompkins, Donald B. Hoover, Jeffrey L. Ardell, Kalyanam Shivkumar
Summary: This study provides an in-depth examination of the innervation of the sinoatrial node by the right atrial ganglionated plexus in porcine and human hearts. It demonstrates the significant phenotypic diversity of neurons in the ganglionated plexus and their role in modulating cardiac function. The findings suggest that intrinsic cardiac neurons play a crucial role in controlling specific regions of the heart and could pave the way for targeted therapies in the future.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Thomas J. Hall, Michael P. Mullen, Gillian P. McHugo, Kate E. Killick, Siobhan C. Ring, Donagh P. Berry, Carolina N. Correia, John A. Browne, Stephen Gordon, David E. MacHugh
Summary: This study analyzed host gene expression data from bovine alveolar macrophages infected with M. bovis, identifying core infection response pathways and gene modules at the transcriptome level. Integrating this data with GWAS datasets enhanced the detection of genomic variants associated with susceptibility/resistance to M. bovis infection. The results showed that network-based integration of transcriptomics data can provide additional information from GWAS datasets, with significant differences among breeds in SNP discovery for bTB resilience traits.
Article
Neurosciences
Sihai Li, Christos Constantinidis, Xue-Lian Qi
Summary: The study investigated the roles of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex in working memory, finding that neuronal activity can predict categorical judgments of information and deviations in firing rates reflect the contents of working memory.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jun Mei, Yuqing Wu, Qingqing Niu, Meng Miao, Diandian Zhang, Yanyan Zhao, Fangfang Cai, Dongliang Yu, Liping Ke, Hongjie Feng, Yuqiang Sun
Summary: Cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt is regulated by miRNAs and target genes, but limited research has been conducted in this area. Transcriptome and small RNA sequencing analysis of upland cotton revealed differential gene and miRNA expression under V. dahliae stress and their association with specific biological processes. Additionally, 31 differentially expressed miRNA-mRNA pairs were identified to be involved in the response to V. dahliae.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Danilo Cialoni, Andrea Brizzolari, Michele Samaja, Gerardo Bosco, Matteo Paganini, Nicola Sponsiello, Valentina Lancellotti, Alessandro Marroni
Summary: The study revealed that in breath-hold diving, divers with more experience have lower NO consumption, indicating a possible training-related adaptation process. Additionally, the decrease in NOx 30 minutes after diving is related to lower NO availability in the first few minutes after the dives, with expert breath-hold divers experiencing higher oxidative stress.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Krzysztof S. Malinowski, Tomasz H. Wierzba, J. Patrick Neary, Pawel J. Winklewski, Magdalena Wszedybyl-Winklewska
Summary: The diving reflex is a complex cardiovascular response that allows mammals to survive underwater. Research shows that this response is related to heart rate variability and can vary between individuals. Gender may also play a role in the cardiac response to diving and its relationship with resting heart rate variability.
Article
Physiology
Richard V. Lundell, Laura Tuominen, Tommi Ojanen, Kai Parkkola, Anne Raisanen-Sokolowski
Summary: Our study suggests that the trigeminocardiac part of the diving reflex leads to strong initial PNS activation at the beginning of the dive, but the reaction diminishes quickly. Cold water appears to be the primary factor promoting PNS activity, rather than pressure. Additionally, our findings indicate a simultaneous increase in both SNS and PNS branches, which is associated with a higher risk of arrhythmia. Therefore, we recommend a brief adaptation phase before engaging in physical activity in cold-water diving.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Raymundo Baez-Mendoza, Yuriria Vazquez, Emma P. Mastrobattista, Ziv M. Williams
Summary: Social living can provide access to rewards, cognitive resources, and objects, but can also lead to competition for scarce resources. Social decision-making involves choices made in a context where one or more conspecifics are involved in the decision or its consequences, and can be conceptualized as complex economic decisions.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Azat Nasretdinov, Sebastian A. Barrientos, Ivani Brys, Par Halje, Per Petersson
Summary: Psychedelic substances have gained significant attention as potential treatments for psychiatric conditions. Imaging studies suggest that psychedelics alter neuronal firing rates, functional connectivity, and high-frequency oscillations in the brain. To understand the relationship between imaging data and electrophysiological measurements, researchers analyzed the local field potential (LFP) in rodents treated with LSD or ketamine. The results indicate that LSD and ketamine cause altered brain states through different mechanisms, with ketamine leading to increased neuronal activity but reduced connectivity, while LSD reduces connectivity without changing LFP power.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Timo Kirschstein, Ruediger Koehling
Summary: Autoimmune-mediated encephalitis syndromes are important clinical entities that can present with various neurological symptoms. Antibody identification and early diagnosis are crucial to prevent brain tissue damage. This review focuses on the current understanding of antibody interaction mechanisms in the central nervous system and discusses the challenges in explaining hyperexcitability, seizures, and cognitive dysfunction.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Biological
Stefan Peter Ackermann, Markus Raab, Serena Backschat, David John Charles Smith, Florian Javelle, Sylvain Laborde
Summary: This study aimed to synthesize and analyze the effects of different triggers of the diving response on cardiac vagal activity using a meta-analytic approach. A total of 17 studies with 311 participants were included in the review. The results showed a significant positive effect on RMSSD during exposure to triggers, but not post-exposure. Total body immersion had a larger effect compared to forehead cooling. Further research is needed to explore the role of cardiac sympathetic activity and other moderators.
Article
Neurosciences
Takuya Koumura, Hiroki Terashima, Shigeto Furukawa
Summary: By using a computational model, researchers found that human sensitivity to amplitude modulation in natural sounds may have emerged as a result of optimization for natural sound recognition and it is associated with neurophysiological similarity in the auditory brain regions.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Morgan E. Urdaneta, Nicolas G. Kunigk, Jesus D. Penaloza-Aponte, Seth Currlin, Ian G. Malone, Shelley I. Fried, Kevin J. Otto
Summary: Intracortical recordings can be used to control external devices via brain-machine interfaces (BMI), but stability is limited over time due to factors like foreign body response (FBR). Manufacturing advancements have allowed for the development of high-density recording electrodes, but their long-term stability and neuronal cell loss at different cortical depths are unknown. By using a silicon-substrate microelectrode array implanted in rats, we found that the stability of intracortical recordings varied across cortical depth, with electrodes around L4-L5 being the most stable. Additionally, we discovered that neuronal cell loss varied across cortical layers, with L2/3 and L4 electrodes experiencing the largest loss.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Bruno Cessac, Ignacio Ampuero, Rodrigo Cofre
Summary: The study establishes a general linear response relation for spiking neuronal networks, predicting the influence of external stimuli on spike correlations and analyzing the impact of memory in spike dynamics on the results. Numerical simulations were conducted using a discrete time integrate and fire model to illustrate the findings.
Article
Neurosciences
Piotr Niewinski, Stanislaw Tubek, Julian F. R. Paton, Waldemar Banasiak, Piotr Ponikowski
Summary: Bilateral carotid body resection (bCBR) eliminates hypoxic ventilatory response in congestive heart failure patients, resulting in lower blood oxygen saturation. However, the ventilatory response to hypercapnia is preserved, sufficient to maintain adequate oxygen saturation levels.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Davi J. A. Moraes, Melina P. da Silva, Daniel P. de Souza, Viviane Felintro, Julian F. R. Paton
Summary: In hypertension, the carotid body chemoreceptors are hyperactive and contribute to bronchoconstriction. Denervation of the carotid body can reduce bronchoconstrictor tone, while stimulation of the carotid body enhances chemoreflex-induced bronchoconstriction. These findings suggest that the carotid body plays a significant role in modulating bronchoconstriction in hypertensive individuals.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christian Arias-Reyes, Favio Carvajal-Rodriguez, Liliana Poma-Machicao, Fernanda Aliaga-Raduan, Danuzia A. Marques, Natalia Zubieta-DeUrioste, Roberto Alfonso Accinelli, Edith M. Schneider-Gasser, Gustavo Zubieta-Calleja, Mathias Dutschmann, Jorge Soliz
Summary: Research shows that in the American continent, the transmission rate and severity of COVID-19 decrease with increasing altitude, with areas above 1000 meters being less affected by the pandemic.
Article
Neurosciences
Karolyne S. Magalhaes, Melina P. da Silva, Andre S. Mecawi, Julian F. R. Paton, Benedito H. Machado, Davi J. A. Moraes
Summary: In this study, we investigated the electrophysiological properties and synaptic mechanisms of pF(L) expiratory neurones in juvenile rats. GABAergic and glycinergic inhibition in normocapnia suppressed the activity of glutamatergic pF(L) expiratory neurones, while in hypercapnia, these neurones generated burst discharges at the end of expiration by escaping glycinergic inhibition. Post-synaptic disinhibition and intrinsic electrophysiological properties of glutamatergic neurones played important roles in generating expiratory oscillations in the pF(L) region during hypercapnia in rats.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Christopher Bancroft Wolff, David W. Green, Julian F. R. Paton, David J. Collier
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Isaline Mees, Shanshan Li, Leah C. Beauchamp, Kevin J. Barnham, Mathias Dutschmann, Anthony J. Hannan, Thibault Renoir
Summary: Tau protein is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. The presence of hyperphosphorylated tau has been found in the brains of Huntington's disease (HD) patients. However, the role of tau in the development of HD is not well understood. This study investigates the impact of tau expression and knockout in an HD mouse model and finds that tau expression or ablation does not affect the progression of HD symptoms.
HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ryota Yamamoto, Yoichiro Sugiyama, Keiko Hashimoto, Shota Kinoshita, Akiyo Takemura, Shinya Fuse, Mami Kaneko, Shigeyuki Mukudai, Toshiro Umezaki, Mathias Dutschmann, Takashi Nakagawa, Shigeru Hirano
Summary: This research investigates sensory-motor integration during oropharyngeal swallowing from different sensory sources. The study found that electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve and oral injections can trigger swallowing responses, and the modulation of neuronal activity may contribute to the coordination of bolus transfer during swallowing.
NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Charlotte Chen, John Kolbe, Margaret L. Wilsher, Sally De Boer, Julian F. R. Paton, James P. Fisher
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of metaboreflex on breathing and dyspnoea in fibrosing interstitial lung disease (FILD). The results showed that activation of metaboreflex did not result in increased respiratory response and dyspnoea ratings in FILD patients. However, the hemodynamic responses after handgrip exercise were attenuated in FILD compared to controls.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Julian F. R. Paton, Benedito H. Machado, Davi J. A. Moraes, Daniel B. Zoccal, Ana P. Abdala, Jeffrey C. Smith, Vagner R. Antunes, David Murphy, Mathias Dutschmann, Rishi R. Dhingra, Robin McAllen, Anthony E. Pickering, Richard J. A. Wilson, Trevor A. Day, Nicole O. Barioni, Andrew M. Allen, Clement Menuet, Joseph Donnelly, Igor Felippe, Walter M. St-John
Summary: This review article discusses the progress and potential future applications of the working heart-brainstem preparation (WHBP) in cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, autonomic and respiratory research. The WHBP is a novel in situ experimental model that provides unprecedented access and stability for studying physiological mechanisms. It has revealed new insights into various mechanisms related to respiratory rhythms, sympathetic activity, coupling between respiration and the heart, control mechanisms in the hypothalamus and spinal cord, and chemoreceptor mechanisms. These findings have been validated in vivo and have translated to humans. The article also discusses potential future applications of the WHBP, such as two-photon imaging and pharmacogenetic tools, for improving our understanding and treatment of cardiorespiratory diseases.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ana Luiza C. Sayegh, Jui-Lin Fan, Lauro C. Vianna, Mathew Dawes, Julian F. R. Paton, James P. Fisher
Summary: This study compared the cardiorespiratory and sympathetic neurocirculatory responses to chemoreflex activation between healthy men and women. The results showed that young women displayed augmented sympathetic responses and attenuated respiratory responses during central chemoreflex activation.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Liam P. Argent, Aabharika Bose, Julian F. R. Paton
Summary: The classic peripheral chemoreflex response is a critical homeostatic mechanism. Aberrant chronic activation of the carotid body can lead to cardio-respiratory diseases, and understanding how to modulate carotid body output without removing it is crucial for developing effective clinical interventions.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW ZEALAND
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Melina P. da Silva, Pedro F. Spiller, Julian F. R. Paton, Davi J. A. Moraes
Summary: Activation of peripheral chemoreceptors increases sympathetic activity during expiration by exciting expiratory neurons antecedent to C1 pre-sympathetic neurons. However, activation of inspiratory neurons does not trigger an increase in sympathetic activity.
Article
Neurosciences
Ana Luiza C. Sayegh, Jui-Lin Fan, Mathew Dawes, Julian F. R. Paton, James P. Fisher
Summary: The study found that central respiratory and sympathetic chemoreflex sensitivities are increased in hypertensive patients, suggesting that these reflexes may play a role in the development of hypertension.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Igor S. A. Felippe, Rodrigo Del Rio, Harold Schultz, Benedito H. Machado, Julian F. R. Paton
Summary: Carotid body pathophysiology is associated with various diseases and understanding its mechanisms can inform potential treatment strategies.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Cameron Apeldoorn, Soroush Safaei, Julian Paton, Gonzalo D. Maso Talou
Summary: This review provides an introduction to the biological understanding of vascular adaptation processes and the computational modeling of these processes. Computational modeling enables repeatable experimentation and exploration of complex biological processes. With advancements in computing power and research, these models become more accurate and complete. The review also highlights the importance of these models in physiological, pathological, and technological applications, and identifies underexplored aspects in the current state-of-the-art computational models.
WIRES MECHANISMS OF DISEASE
(2023)
