Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 304, Issue 2, Pages G109-G121Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00374.2012
Keywords
gastrokine; trefoil factor; gastric cancer; Helicobacter pylori; BRICHOS
Categories
Funding
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC)
- NHMRC of Australia
- Victorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Support Program
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Menheniott TR, Kurklu B, Giraud AS. Gastrokines: stomach-specific proteins with putative homeostatic and tumor suppressor roles. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 304: G109-G121, 2013. First published November 15, 2012; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00374.2012.-During the past decade, a new family of stomach-specific proteins has been recognized. Known as gastrokines (GKNs), these secreted proteins are products of gastric mucus-producing cell lineages. GKNs are highly conserved in physical structure, and emerging data point to convergent functions in the modulation of gastric mucosal homeostasis and inflammation. While GKNs are highly prevalent in the normal stomach, frequent loss of GKN expression in gastric cancers, coupled with established antiproliferative activity, suggests putative tumor suppressor roles. Conversely, ectopic expression of GKNs in reparative lesions of Crohn's disease alludes to additional activity in epithelial wound healing and/or repair. Modes of action remain unsolved, but the recent demonstration of a GKN2-trefoil factor 1 heterodimer implicates functional interplay with trefoil factors. This review aims to provide a historical account of GKN biology and encapsulate the rapidly accumulating evidence supporting roles in gastric epithelial homeostasis and tumor suppression.
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