Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Maria Arnoriaga-Rodriguez, Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs, Oren Contreras-Rodriguez, Aurelijus Burokas, Juan-Antonio Ortega-Sanchez, Gerard Blasco, Claudia Coll, Carles Biarnes, Anna Castells-Nobau, Josep Puig, Josep Garre-Olmo, Rafel Ramos, Salvador Pedraza, Ramon Brugada, Joan C. Vilanova, Joaquin Serena, Jordi Barretina, Jordi Gich, Vicente Perez-Brocal, Andres Moya, Xavier Fernandez-Real, Lluis Ramio-Torrenta, Reinald Pamplona, Joaquim Sol, Mariona Jove, Wifredo Ricart, Manuel Portero-Otin, Rafael Maldonado, Jose Manuel Fernandez-Real
Summary: The study revealed the relationship between inhibitory control and obesity, as well as the interactions between gut microbiota, metabolomics, and brain structure. Metabolic pathway alterations associated with obesity were found to be linked to inhibitory control, and results were validated in mice through fecal microbiota transplantation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexander Mordhorst, Priyavathi Dhandapani, Susann Matthes, Valentina Mosienko, Michael Rothe, Mihail Todiras, Julie Self, Wolf-Hagen Schunck, Anja Schutz, Michael Bader, Natalia Alenina
Summary: Serotonin synthesis involves the hydroxylation of tryptophan, with most vertebrates having two known enzymes for this step. However, even in animals lacking these two enzymes, there is still some serotonin production, suggesting the presence of a third enzyme. The study found evidence that phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) may act as a third tryptophan hydroxylase in mammals, contributing to serotonin levels in the blood and potentially serving as a local source of serotonin in organs where other TPHs are not expressed.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jordi Marti, Huixia Lu
Summary: This study investigates the interactions of tryptophan, serotonin, and melatonin with zwitterionic phospholipid bilayers through molecular dynamics simulations. The presence of cholesterol influences the behavior of these small molecules, affecting their binding to the membrane. Free energy barriers and diffusion rates of the small molecules provide insights into their interaction with phospholipids and cholesterol in the membrane environment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Di Ye, Huanji Xu, Hongwei Xia, Chenliang Zhang, Qiulin Tang, Feng Bi
Summary: This study elucidated a novel mechanism in colon cancer involving targeting the serotonin transporter to promote the uptake and catabolism of extracellular tryptophan, leading to serotonin biosynthesis and production of oncogenic metabolites. Inhibition of serotonin transporter induced a compensatory effect by promoting tryptophan uptake and catabolism, ultimately enhancing the anti-tumor effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sangwon Jang, Inah Park, Mijung Choi, Jihoon Kim, Seungeun Yeo, Sung-Oh Huh, Ji-Woong Choi, Cheil Moon, Han Kyoung Choe, Youngshik Choe, Kyungjin Kim
Summary: The circadian regulation of 5-HT levels, controlled by the nuclear receptor REV-ERBα, plays a significant role in social interaction behaviors. The genetic ablation of REV-ERBα in DR 5-HTergic neurons leads to impaired social preference, which is associated with elevated neuron activity and 5-HT levels at dusk. Furthermore, inhibiting the DR to NAc 5-HTergic circuit restores the impairment of social preference in these mice.
EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yuanyuan Deng, Manfei Zhou, Junfeng Wang, Jiaxi Yao, Jing Yu, Wenwei Liu, Linlin Wu, Jun Wang, Rong Gao
Summary: The research found that long-term stress disrupts Kyn metabolism and endocrine function, accompanied by disrupted homeostasis of certain microbiota, collectively contributing to the development of depression-like behavior.
Article
Oncology
Nikos Papadimitriou, Marc J. Gunter, Neil Murphy, Audrey Gicquiau, David Achaintre, Stefanie Brezina, Tanja Gumpenberger, Andreas Baierl, Jennifer Ose, Anne J. M. R. Geijsen, Eline H. van Roekel, Andrea Gsur, Biljana Gigic, Nina Habermann, Cornelia M. Ulrich, Ellen Kampman, Matty P. Weijenberg, Per Magne Ueland, Rudolf Kaaks, Verena Katzke, Vittorio Krogh, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Eva Ardanaz, Ruth C. Travis, Matthias B. Schulze, Maria-Jose Sanchez, Sandra M. Colorado-Yohar, Elisabete Weiderpass, Augustin Scalbert, Pekka Keski-Rahkonen
Summary: The study found that higher plasma tryptophan levels may be associated with a lower risk of colon cancer, while increased serotonin levels may be linked to a higher risk of colon cancer. Additionally, the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio may reflect altered tryptophan metabolism during colon cancer development.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Parasitology
Michaela Herz, Klaus Brehm
Summary: The study reveals the important role of serotonin in E. multilocularis development and proliferation, with evidence that serotonin is crucial for parasite integrity and survival. Serotonin also stimulates parasite metacestode development and proliferation, potentially contributing to parasite formation and growth in the liver.
PARASITES & VECTORS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Haresh T. More, Dilbir S. Bindra, Alexandra Zumba, Kaimeng Zhou, Thiago Carvalho, Rao Mantri
Summary: In this study, it was found that therapeutic proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), are exposed to ambient light conditions during manufacturing and handling processes. The RT/RL stability studies are generally conducted to determine the allowable exposure time. However, an unexpected increase in protein aggregation was observed during a formal RT/RL study due to differences in the setup of the stability chamber. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding UV levels and using representative light conditions for accurate stability assessment of biologic drug products.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Fariba Fazl, Mohammad Bagher Gholivand
Summary: This research utilized a ZrO2-CuO-CeO2 ternary nanocomposite and graphene in constructing a carbon paste sensor for monitoring biomolecules such as dopamine, serotonin, and tryptophan. The sensor showed excellent electron transfer kinetics and electrocatalytic activity, with the lowest detection limit and widest linear range compared to previous reports. The sensor demonstrated good selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and repeatability, making it suitable for routine analysis of dopamine, serotonin, and tryptophan.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Majid Davidson, Niloufar Rashidi, Md Kamal Hossain, Ali Raza, Kulmira Nurgali, Vasso Apostolopoulos
Summary: Addiction to addictive substances negatively affects the neurological system, leading to dysfunction in reward, memory, and motivation. It causes severe health issues and there are currently no efficient treatment options. However, promising approaches such as psychological contingency management and cognitive behavioral therapy are being explored.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cezary Chojnacki, Marta Medrek-Socha, Aleksandra Blonska, Radoslaw Zajdel, Jan Chojnacki, Tomasz Poplawski
Summary: This study evaluates the effect of a tryptophan-lowering diet on abdominal and mental symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and finds that reducing dietary intake of tryptophan can reduce abdominal discomfort.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Auriel A. Willette, Colleen Pappas, Nathan Hoth, Qian Wang, Brandon Klinedinst, Sara A. Willette, Brittany Larsen, Amy Pollpeter, Tianqi Li, Scott Le, Ana D. Collazo-Martinez, Jonathan P. Mochel, Karin Allenspach, Robert Dantzer
Summary: The study found that higher Kyn/Tryptophan ratio was associated with various inflammatory markers, lower functional independence, and memory scores. Higher Kyn/5-HT ratio was also related to negative affect, neuropsychiatric disturbance, executive dysfunction, and global cognitive decline. Additionally, gray matter atrophy and increased amyloid and total tau deposition were observed in specific brain regions.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Jessica R. McCann, John F. Rawls
Summary: Amino acids are essential for protein synthesis and play important roles in metabolic physiology and signaling in organisms. However, animals cannot synthesize certain amino acids and must obtain them from their diet or associated microbial communities. This article reviews recent research on the connection between microbial production and metabolism of essential amino acids and host biology, as well as the reciprocal impacts of host metabolism of essential amino acids on their associated microbes. The roles of branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, and isoleucine) and tryptophan in host-microbe communication in the intestine of humans and other vertebrates are highlighted, along with the research questions surrounding microbial essential amino acid synthesis in animal hosts.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Darakhshan Jabeen Haleem
Summary: The importance of nutrients in our diet is increasingly recognized. Essential amino acids, including tryptophan, play a crucial role in protein synthesis and various physiological functions. Tryptophan is the sole precursor of serotonin, and its deficiency may contribute to depression and diabetes.
