Article
Genetics & Heredity
Alice Williamson, Dougall M. Norris, Xianyong Yin, K. Alaine Broadaway, Anne H. Moxley, Swarooparani Vadlamudi, Emma P. Wilson, Anne U. Jackson, Vasudha Ahuja, Mette K. Andersen, Zorayr Arzumanyan, Lori L. Bonnycastle, Stefan R. Bornstein, Maxi P. Bretschneider, Thomas A. Buchanan, Yi-Cheng Chang, Lee-Ming Chuang, Ren-Hua Chung, Tine D. Clausen, Peter Damm, Graciela E. Delgado, Vanessa D. de Mello, Josee Dupuis, Om P. Dwivedi, Michael R. Erdos, Lilian Fernandes Silva, Timothy M. Frayling, Christian Gieger, Mark O. Goodarzi, Xiuqing Guo, Stefan Gustafsson, Liisa Hakaste, Ulf Hammar, Gad Hatem, Sandra Herrmann, Kurt Hojlund, Katrin Horn, Willa A. Hsueh, Yi-Jen Hung, Chii-Min Hwu, Anna Jonsson, Line L. Karhus, Marcus E. Kleber, Peter Kovacs, Timo A. Lakka, Marie Lauzon, I-Te Lee, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Jaana Lindstroem, Allan Linneberg, Ching-Ti Liu, Jian'an Luan, Dina Mansour Aly, Elisabeth Mathiesen, Angela P. Moissl, Andrew P. Morris, Narisu Narisu, Nikolaos Perakakis, Annette Peters, Rashmi B. Prasad, Roman N. Rodionov, Kathryn Roll, Carsten F. Rundsten, Chloe Sarnowski, Kai Savonen, Markus Scholz, Sapna Sharma, Sara E. Stinson, Sufyan Suleman, Jingyi Tan, Kent D. Taylor, Matti Uusitupa, Dorte Vistisen, Daniel R. Witte, Romy Walther, Peitao Wu, Anny H. Xiang, Bjoern Zethelius, Emma Ahlqvist, Richard N. Bergman, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Francis S. Collins, Tove Fall, Jose C. Florez, Andreas Fritsche, Harald Grallert, Leif Groop, Torben Hansen, Heikki A. Koistinen, Pirjo Komulainen, Markku Laakso, Lars Lind, Markus Loeffler, Winfried Marz, James B. Meigs, Leslie J. Raffel, Rainer Rauramaa, Jerome I. Rotter, Peter E. H. Schwarz, Michael Stumvoll, Johan Sundstrom, Anke Toenjes, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Robert Wagner, Ines Barroso, Mark Walker, Niels Grarup, Michael Boehnke, Nicholas J. Wareham, Karen L. Mohlke, Eleanor Wheeler, Stephen O'Rahilly, Daniel J. Fazakerley, Claudia Langenberg
Summary: Distinct tissue-specific mechanisms mediate insulin action in fasting and postprandial states. Genome-wide association analyses of two oral glucose tolerance test-derived measures of postprandial insulin resistance discover ten new loci. Functional characterization identifies nine candidate genes implicated in the regulation of GLUT4.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qiang Ma, Houguo Xu, Samwel Mchele Limbu, Yuliang Wei, Mengqing Liang
Summary: In this study, the ability of fish to utilize carbohydrates was evaluated by intraperitoneal injection or oral administration of glucose or fructose to tiger puffer and turbot. The results showed that glucose and fructose stimulated insulin secretion and improved hypoxia tolerance in the two marine fishes.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Andrea Foppiani, Fabiana Ciciriello, Arianna Bisogno, Silvia Bricchi, Carla Colombo, Federico Alghisi, Vincenzina Lucidi, Maria Ausilia Catena, Mariacristina Lucanto, Andrea Mari, Giorgio Bedogni, Alberto Battezzati
Summary: This study aimed to describe the distribution and provide reference quartiles of OGTT-related variables in the Italian cystic fibrosis population. The results showed the deterioration of glucose tolerance and insulin secretion with age according to sex and pancreatic insufficiency, highlighting a deviation from linearity for patients 35 years of age.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pengfei Gong, Danielle Bailbe, Stefania Tolu, Gaelle Pommier, Junjun Liu, Jamileh Movassat
Summary: Since the restricted use of BPA due to its endocrine disruptor properties, BPS has been widely used as a substitute. However, BPS has similar effects on metabolic health as BPA. Previous studies have documented the effects of maternal exposure to BPA and BPS on offspring, but the impact of preconceptional paternal exposure to BPS remains unexplored. This study showed that preconceptional paternal exposure to BPS had non-monotonic and sex-specific effects on the metabolic health of offspring, suggesting that BPS is not a safe substitute for BPA regarding the inter-generational transmission of metabolic disorders through the paternal lineage.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Teresa Mezza, Pietro Manuel Ferraro, Gianfranco Di Giuseppe, Simona Moffa, Chiara M. A. Cefalo, Francesca Cinti, Flavia Impronta, Umberto Capece, Giuseppe Quero, Alfredo Pontecorvi, Andrea Mari, Sergio Alfieri, Andrea Giaccari
Summary: This study aimed to verify the acute effect of reduced beta cell mass on the development of hyperglycemia. The research found that reduced first-phase insulin secretion and glucose sensitivity were predictors of eventual development of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. Thus, these functional alterations may play a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shihao Hu, Yuzhi Lu, Andrea Tura, Giovanni Pacini, David Z. D'Argenio
Summary: Glucose effectiveness, the ability of glucose to regulate glucose utilization and production in the body, plays a significant role in maintaining normal blood sugar levels. Hierarchical statistical analysis revealed that individuals with type 2 diabetes had a decreased glucose effectiveness compared to non-diabetic individuals. This finding suggests that glucose effectiveness could be a potential marker for glucose metabolism disorders and a target for diabetes treatment.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. Duplessis, C. L. Girard
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the glucose and insulin metabolism in cows with supplementation of biotin, folic acid, and vitamin B-12 during the transition period. Results showed that cows receiving a biotin supplement had reduced insulin sensitivity in early lactation, while cows supplemented with folic acid and vitamin B-12 had a faster insulin response, though this did not lead to further improvements after a glucose challenge.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Takuya Karasawa, Atsuko Koike, Shin Terada
Summary: This study aimed to assess the effects of long-term intake of a very high carbohydrate diet on whole-body glucose tolerance and hepatic insulin resistance. The results showed that the VHCHO diet group had increased muscle glucose transporter 4 content and a smaller area under the curve for plasma glucose, but also higher hepatic triacylglycerol concentration and HOMA-IR measurement compared to the control group. The hepatic triacylglycerol concentration was positively correlated with HOMA-IR.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
T. T. Yohe, H. Berends, L. N. Leal, J. N. Wilms, M. A. Steele, J. Martin-Tereso
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of increasing replacement of lactose by fat on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and glucose/insulin sensitivity in rearing calves. The results showed that altering the lactose:fat ratio in calf milk replacer did not significantly affect growth performance, but had minor effects on nutrient metabolism.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lewin Small, Amy Ehrlich, Jo Iversen, Stephen P. Ashcroft, Kajetan Trost, Thomas Moritz, Bolette Hartmann, Jens J. Holst, Jonas T. Treebak, Juleen R. Zierath, Romain Barres
Summary: The study compares the effect of different routes of glucose administration (oral and intraperitoneal) on glucose and insulin kinetics during a glucose tolerance test in mice. The results show that intraperitoneal glucose administration resulted in significantly elevated blood glucose levels, but had a lesser effect on insulin and incretin hormone levels compared to oral administration.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
A. Tate Lasher, Hemant Srivastava, Liou Y. Sun
Summary: Recent studies have shown that glucagon not only regulates glycemia, but also plays a role in amino acid and lipid metabolism, systemic endocrine and paracrine function, and the response to cardiovascular injury. Inhibition of glucagon receptor signaling through the use of glucagon receptor antagonists and tissue-specific genetic knockout models has provided valuable insights into the role of glucagon.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tao Yuan, Shuoning Song, Tianyi Zhao, Yanbei Duo, Shihan Wang, Junxiang Gao, Shixuan Liu, Yingyue Dong, Rui Li, Yong Fu, Weigang Zhao
Summary: The study identified two different patterns of FPIS among subjects with normal glucose tolerance, indicating that individuals with later time to glucose peak during FPIS may have a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Chiao-Nan Chen, Kuo-Jen Hsu, Kuei-Yu Chien, Jeu-Jung Chen
Summary: This study investigated the effects of exercise alone or in combination with a high-protein diet on markers of cardiometabolic health in middle-aged adults with obesity. The results showed that the combined intervention significantly decreased fat mass and improved lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and inflammation in this population, highlighting the importance of lifestyle modifications in managing obesity-related health risks.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gaia Lepine, Marie Tremblay-Franco, Sabrine Bouder, Laurianne Dimina, Helene Fouillet, Francois Mariotti, Sergio Polakof
Summary: This review discusses the use of metabolomics analyses in assessing phenotypic flexibility in response to different nutritional challenge tests. The findings reveal subtle metabolic dysregulations during the postprandial period, particularly in populations with increased cardiometabolic risk. The characterization of postprandial metabolism and phenotypic flexibility shows promise in understanding the onset of cardiometabolic diseases.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Karin Mannerstedt, Narendra Kumar Mishra, Ebbe Engholm, Morten Lundh, Charlotte S. Madsen, Philip J. Pedersen, Priska Le-Huu, Soren L. Pedersen, Nina Buch-Manson, Bjorn Borgstrom, Thomas Brimert, Lisbeth N. Fink, Keld Fosgerau, Niels Vrang, Knud J. Jensen
Summary: A glucose responsive insulin (GRI) has been developed using glucose cleavable linkers based on hydrazone and thiazolidine structures, demonstrating glucose responsiveness in vitro, particularly for thiazolidines. Clamp studies confirmed increased glucose infusion at hyperglycemic conditions for one GRI, indicating a true glucose response. The glucose responsive cleavable linker in these GRIs drives the release of active insulin from a circulating depot in response to changes in glucose levels.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2021)