Role of lysosomal acid lipase in the intracellular metabolism of LDL-transported dehydroepiandrosterone-fatty acyl esters

Wang F, Wang W, Wahala K, Adlercreutz H, Ikonen E, Tikkanen MJ. Role of lysosomal acid lipase in the intracellular metabolism of LDL-transported dehydroepiandrosterone-fatty acyl esters. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 295: E1455-E1461, 2008. First published September 16, 2008; doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.90527.2008. - Dehydroepiandrosterone-fatty acyl esters (DHEA-FAE) belong to a unique family of naturally occurring hydrophobic steroid hormone derivatives that are transported in circulating lipoproteins and may act as a source of dehydroepiendrosterone (DHEA) and other biologically active steroid hormones in cells. Here, we studied the metabolic fate of low-density lipoprotein-associated [H-3] DHEA-FAE ([H-3]DHEA-FAE-LDL) and the possible role of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) in the hydrolysis of DHEA-FAE in cultured human cells. When HeLa cells were incubated with [H-3]DHEA-FAE-LDL, the accumulation of label in the cellular fraction increased with incubation time and could be inhibited by excess unlabeled LDL, suggesting LDL receptor or LDL receptor-related receptor-dependent uptake. During 48 h of chase, decreasing amounts of [H-3] DHEA-FAE were found in the cellular fraction, while in the medium increasing amounts of unesterified [H-3] DHEA and its two metabolites, [H-3]-5 alpha-androstanedione (5 alpha-adione) and [H-3] androstenedione (4- adione), appeared. As LDL-cholesteryl ester hydrolysis is dependent on LAL activity, we depleted LAL from HeLa cells using small interfering RNAs and compared the hydrolysis of [H-3]DHEA-FAE-LDL and [H-3] cholesteryl-FAE-LDL. The results demonstrated a more modest but significant reducing effect on the hydrolysis of [H-3]DHEA-FAE compared with [H-3] cholesteryl-FAE. Moreover, experiments in LAL-deficient human fibroblasts (Wolman disease patient cells) showed that [H-3]DHEA-FAE hydrolysis was not completely dependent on LAL activity. In summary, LDL-transported [H-3] DHEA-FAE entered cells via LDL receptor or LDL receptor-related receptor-mediated uptake, followed by intracellular hydrolysis and further metabolism into 5 alpha-adione and 4- adione that were excreted from cells. Although LAL contributed to the deesterification of DHEA-FAE, it was not solely responsible for the hydrolysis.