Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Danesh H. Sopariwala, Neah Likhite, Gungsheng Pei, Fnu Haroon, Lisa Lin, Vikas Yadav, Zhongming Zhao, Vihang A. Narkar
Summary: ERR alpha is induced in skeletal muscle by hindlimb ischemia or hypoxia, and its overexpression can drive a switch in myofiber type and activate gene programs related to angiogenesis in muscle. This leads to increased baseline capillarity and arterioles, as well as improved perfusion recovery in ischemic muscle, suggesting ERR alpha as a potential target for treating PAD/CLI.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Waly Dioh, Vihang Narkar, Anurag Singh, Fady Malik, Luigi Ferrucci, Cendrine Tourette, Jean Mariani, Rob van Maanen, Roger A. Fielding
Summary: In recent years, new classes of therapies have been investigated, aiming to restore or improve physical functioning in older adults. These include Mas receptor agonists, regulators of mitophagy, skeletal muscle troponin activators, anti-inflammatory compounds, and targets of orphan nuclear receptors. This article summarizes recent developments on the function-promoting effects of these compounds, providing preclinical and clinical data on their safety and efficacy. The development of novel compounds in this area is expanding and may lead to a new treatment paradigm for age-associated mobility loss and disability.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Kiran Thakur, Heena Khan, Amarjot Kaur Grewal, Thakur Gurjeet Singh
Summary: Orphan receptors, a subsection of nuclear receptors, have been linked to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. PPAR gamma, NR4As, and orphan GPCRs hold high potential as therapeutic targets for preventing these disorders.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Annarita Nappi, Melania Murolo, Annunziata Gaetana Cicatiello, Serena Sagliocchi, Emery Di Cicco, Maddalena Raia, Mariano Stornaiuolo, Monica Dentice, Caterina Miro
Summary: Skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in energy regulation, and its metabolism is associated with various pathologies and disorders. This paper investigates the role of thyroid hormones (THs) and their receptors (TRs) in regulating skeletal muscle metabolism. The study reveals that the THs-TRs complex can regulate the fatty acid binding protein GOT2, thereby affecting fatty acid oxidation and transport in skeletal muscle.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carol Imbriano, Viviana Moresi, Silvia Belluti, Alessandra Renzini, Giorgia Cavioli, Eleonora Maretti, Susanna Molinari
Summary: Epitranscriptomics is a process of post-transcriptional regulation that affects gene expression through RNA modifications and editing. It has functional roles in the skeletal muscle system and potential therapeutic applications for human diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Forkan Ahamed, Natalie Eppler, Elizabeth Jones, Lily He, Yuxia Zhang
Summary: The study reveals a previously unrecognized role of small heterodimer partner (SHP) in promoting anti-inflammatory macrophage differentiation during the innate immune response. SHP acts as a regulator for the Pparg, MAPK, and NF-kappa B pathways to achieve this effect.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yan Yan, Ming Li, Jie Lin, Yanan Ji, Kexin Wang, Dajun Yan, Yuntian Shen, Wei Wang, Zhongwei Huang, Haiyan Jiang, Hualin Sun, Lei Qi
Summary: This review summarizes the role of AMPK in regulating mitochondrial function and its impact on skeletal muscle metabolism and health.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Minas Sakellakis
Summary: This review discusses the role of orphan receptors in prostate cancer, focusing on their unknown endogenous ligands and their significant impact on tumor growth and progression.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sarah LaPotin, Mary E. Swartz, David M. Luecke, Savvas J. Constantinou, Jason R. Gallant, Johann K. Eberhart, Harold H. Zakon
Summary: South American and African weakly electric fish independently evolved electric organs from muscle, with the sodium channel gene losing expression in muscle and gaining it in the electric organ. The loss of sodium channel expression from muscle in these two electric fish lineages occurred through different processes, while retaining key transcription factor binding sites and enhancer activity.
Article
Agronomy
Tingzhen Wang, Mingjia Liu, Yufeng Tian, Yingyan Han, Chaojie Liu, Jinghong Hao, Shuangxi Fan
Summary: This study investigates the important role of mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MAPK6) in high temperature bolting of lettuce. The researchers amplified the full-length coding sequence of the LsMAPK6 gene and analyzed its expression using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrate that LsMAPK6 is mainly expressed in the stem, stem apex, and taproot, and its expression is significantly promoted by high temperatures.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ting-Ting Zhang, Qing-Qing Lei, Jie He, Xin Guan, Xin Zhang, Ying Huang, Zi-Yue Zhou, Rui-Xin Fan, Ting Wang, Chen-Xi Li, Jin-Yan Shang, Zhuo-Miao Lin, Wan-Li Peng, Li-Kai Xia, Yu-Ling He, Chuan-Ying Hong, Jing-Song Ou, Rui-Ping Pang, Xiao-Ping Fan, Hui Huang, Jia-Guo Zhou
Summary: This study reveals that Best3 mutation, which mainly acts in blood vessels, leads to aortic dissection by regulating the degradation of MEKK2/3, controlling smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch, and maintaining the structural integrity of the aorta. This provides a new therapeutic target for the treatment of aortic dissection.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Benno Traub, Aileen Roth, Marko Kornmann, Uwe Knippschild, Joachim Bischof
Summary: Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with poor survival rates, prompting the need for new therapeutic approaches. Protein kinases play crucial roles in development and pathogenesis, making them potential targets for precision medicine in patients with deregulated kinase pathways.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ashok Kumar, Vihang A. Narkar
Summary: This review proposes nuclear receptors as potential candidates for ischemic muscle repair in peripheral arterial disease (PAD), focusing on their roles in muscle angiogenesis, oxidative metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, and muscle regeneration. The article also identifies gaps in our understanding of nuclear receptor signaling in skeletal muscle and suggests future research directions.
Article
Plant Sciences
Xi Zhu, Ning Zhang, Xue Liu, Shigui Li, Jiangwei Yang, Xusheng Hong, Fangfang Wang, Huaijun Si
Summary: The study demonstrates that overexpression of StMAPK11 can promote potato growth, physiological activities, and photosynthesis under drought conditions, indicating its crucial role in enhancing potato drought resistance. The up-regulation of StMAPK11 intensifies drought resistance by elevating antioxidant activities and photosynthesis, providing new insights into its function in drought response.
PLANT CELL REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Javier Botella, Nicholas A. Jamnick, Cesare Granata, Amanda J. Genders, Enrico Perri, Tamim Jabar, Andrew Garnham, Michael Lazarou, David J. Bishop
Summary: Autophagy is an important mechanism for cells to degrade old or dysfunctional proteins and organelles. The effects of exercise on autophagosome content markers differ between rodents and humans. The decrease in LC3B-II protein levels induced by exercise in humans does not reflect a decreased autophagy flux.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)