Review
Rheumatology
Valeria Carnazzo, Serena Redi, Valerio Basile, Patrizia Natali, Francesca Gulli, Francesco Equitani, Mariapaola Marino, Umberto Basile
Summary: Calprotectin (CLP) is a calcium-binding protein produced by neutrophils and monocytes in inflammation. Recent studies have focused on circulating CLP, which can be measured in different biological fluids using various methods. This review highlights the correlation between high levels of circulating CLP and specific autoantibodies in major autoimmune diseases, suggesting CLP measurement as a potential biomarker for monitoring disease outcome.
Review
Immunology
Justyna Sakowska, Lukasz Arcimowicz, Martyna Jankowiak, Ines Papak, Aleksandra Markiewicz, Katarzyna Dziubek, Malgorzata Kurkowiak, Sachin Kote, Karolina Kazmierczak-Siedlecka, Karol Polom, Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska, Piotr Trzonkowski
Summary: Autoimmune diseases and cancer have traditionally been seen as separate fields of research, but recent studies have shown that studying autoimmune diseases can be beneficial in the development of anti-cancer drugs. This review discusses the role of regulatory cell populations, effector molecules, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors in the loss of self-tolerance in autoimmunity and tolerance induction in cancer.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Ecology
Christos C. Ioannou, Kate L. Laskowski
Summary: Variation between individuals is an important component of evolutionary change. Social interactions can either make behavior more similar (conformity) or divergent (differentiation) between individuals. This study argues that conformity and differentiation can be integrated onto a single scale, where conformity reduces within-group variance and differentiation increases it. Placing conformity and differentiation on a single scale allows for a deeper understanding of the relationship between social interactions and interindividual variation.
TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige, Chandima Jeewandara, Graham S. Ogg
Summary: There are similarities between dengue and COVID-19 infections in terms of clinical presentations and immunopathogenesis, including shared symptoms and common risk factors for severe illness. Studying the similarities between these two infections is crucial for the development of more effective therapeutic interventions.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Paneez Khoury, Praveen Akuthota, Namhee Kwon, Jonathan Steinfeld, Florence Roufosse
Summary: Elevated eosinophil counts are associated with various diseases, including severe eosinophilic asthma, hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Patients with these diseases have a high risk of morbidity and mortality. A comprehensive workup is essential for symptomatic patients, although differential diagnosis between HES and EGPA can be challenging. Treatment options vary for different variants of HES and EGPA, with oral corticosteroids being the first line of treatment. Novel eosinophil-depleting therapies show promise in reducing blood eosinophil counts and disease flares. This review provides a practical guide for diagnosing and managing systemic hypereosinophilic disorders.
MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Lindsay Sawyer
Summary: The two lipocalins, beta-lactoglobulin and glycodelin, are closely related members of the lipocalin family, but they have substantially different functions. While glycodelin has well defined biological functions, the function of beta-lactoglobulin remains elusive. Glycodelin is associated with reproduction while beta-lactoglobulin's function is unclear.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Annarita Ricciardelli, Antonino Pollio, Maria Costantini, Valerio Zupo
Summary: Cyanotoxins, harmful agents produced by cyanobacteria, have been extensively studied and reviewed. Traditionally classified based on their toxic effects on mammals into neurotoxins, hepatotoxins and dermatotoxins, cyanotoxins can be further subdivided into eight distinct classes based on their molecular structures, biosynthesis and modes of action. This review discusses the biotechnological potential of cyanotoxins as anticancer, antimicrobial, and biocidal agents, and explores their unique bioactivities such as local anesthetics, antithrombotics, neuroplasticity promoters, immunomodulating agents and antifouling agents. The aim is to stimulate interdisciplinary research and facilitate the discovery of innovative biotechnologies.
BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Katie J. Lee, Monika Janda, Mitchell S. Stark, Richard A. Sturm, H. Peter Soyer
Summary: Benign naevi are closely linked to melanoma, sharing genetic and environmental influences, yet they exhibit different local and systemic behavior. Research is ongoing to unravel the contributors and predictors of naevi and melanoma, in order to develop personalized prevention and treatment strategies. This involves a range of strategies including risk-adjusted counseling, lesion imaging technologies, artificial intelligence, genetics research, and understanding the interplay between genes, phenotype, and the environment.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Business
Jonathan P. Doh
Summary: This article discusses the significance of distance in International Business/International Management research, as well as the role of diversity in complementing or substituting for it, which has implications for broader assumptions and principles in the IB/IM literature.
JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES
(2021)
Article
Economics
Giuseppe Di Vita
Summary: The study found that high levels of legislative complexity, similar to political corruption, constrain economic growth, reduce welfare levels, and result in income redistribution favoring politicians.
STRUCTURAL CHANGE AND ECONOMIC DYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Gijs Van Houwelingen, Marius Van Dijke, Niek Hoogervorst, Lucas Meijs, David De Cremer
Summary: This article investigates punishment and forgiveness within organizations, arguing that both are rooted in self-regulatory processes. The authors suggest that intentional transgressions are more likely to be punished, while unintentional transgressions are more likely to be forgiven, especially among actors for whom moral identity is central.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Business, Finance
Olivier Armantier, Jerome Foncel, Nicolas Treich
Summary: We study the determinants and frictions of insurance and portfolio decisions using household level data, and find key differences between the two decisions. Contrary to economic intuition, risky asset holding and insurance coverage increase with wealth. This can be explained by a behavioral pattern where the poor invest too conservatively and the rich over-insure, driven by regret avoidance and nonperformance risk.
JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL ECONOMICS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Henriett Butz
Summary: Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) are common intracranial neoplasms. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as potential biomarkers for PitNET due to their stability and tissue specificity. However, the origin of ncRNAs in PitNET and their causal involvement in the pathophysiology remain unclear.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Denise Nemeth, Enke Baldini, Salvatore Sorrenti, Vito D'Andrea, Maria Irene Bellini
Summary: Cancer and ischemic tissues share common metabolic pathways, and studying these similarities can improve outcomes of transplanted organs.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Eleonora Aronica, Emilio Ciusani, Antonietta Coppola, Cinzia Costa, Emilio Russo, Andrea Salmaggi, Fabio Perversi, Marta Maschio
Summary: Epilepsy is a common symptom in brain tumor patients. Understanding the shared mechanisms between tumors and epilepsy can help develop targeted therapies. Currently, anti-seizure medications show potential efficacy, but more high-quality clinical trials are needed to confirm their use in practice.
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Souvik Agasti, Marco Ornigotti
Summary: This study investigates the spectral characteristics of localized waves carrying orbital angular momentum and their impact on intensity distribution. It focuses on exponentially decaying spectra closely related to fundamental X-waves, demonstrating how to create a radial structure similar to Bessel beams in their transverse intensity distribution.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Optics
Shashi Prabhakar, Stephen Z. D. Plachta, Marco Ornigotti, Robert Fickler
Summary: This article demonstrates that radially self-accelerating light can be used for high-accuracy distance measurement with simple off-axis intensity detection, achieving high accuracy over a broad range. The method relies on single-beam interference and only requires static generation and simple intensity measurements, making it inherently stable and potentially applicable for high-speed measurements of longitudinal position.
Article
Optics
Paula Nuno Ruano, Charles W. Robson, Marco Ornigotti
Summary: The impact of orbital angular momentum on localized waves in optical fibers is studied through theory and numerical simulations, with a focus on splash pulses and focus wave modes. Splash pulses are found to have a maximum capacity for carrying OAM, and exploring how to optically excite these OAM-carrying modes could lead to applications in communication, sensing, and signal filtering.
Article
Optics
Charles W. Robson, Yaraslau Tamashevich, Tapio T. Rantala, Marco Ornigotti
Summary: The path integral formulation of quantum mechanics is an elegant and universal framework that allows for solving classical problems and goes beyond the field of quantum mechanics, being also applicable in optics and photonics. Additionally, the path integral Monte Carlo method is discussed as a valuable computational resource for condensed matter physics with potential applications in photonics.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Matias Koivurova, Tommi K. Hakala, Jari Turunen, Ari T. Friberg, Humeyra Caglayan, Marco Ornigotti
Summary: The theoretical demonstration shows that inserting an enhanced EENZ mirror in a laser cavity provides exceptional control over the coherence properties of the emitted light beam. By utilizing the sensitivity to polarization of EENZ materials, superior control over spatial coherence can be achieved, switching between nearly incoherent and fully coherent solely by means of polarization optics. The EENZ cavity design is expected to be an efficient, compact, reconfigurable, and easily scalable source of light for illumination and speckle contrast imaging, as well as other applications benefiting from controlled spatial coherence.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Charles W. Robson, Marco Ornigotti
Summary: In this study, a new interpretation of Einstein's field equations' only static vacuum solution, the Taub solution, is presented. It is shown that the Taub solution can be derived from the radial near-singularity limit of negative-mass Schwarzschild spacetime. Furthermore, a more transparent derivation is given, which interprets the type D Kasner metric as a region deep within a positive-mass Schwarzschild black hole, demonstrating the dual nature of this class of A-metrics.
Article
Optics
Markus Hiekkamaki, Rafael F. Barros, Marco Ornigotti, Robert Fickler
Summary: Controlling the evolution of photonic quantum states is crucial for quantum information processing and metrology tasks. The Gouy phase, a fundamental phase anomaly, has been less studied in the context of elementary quantum states of light, especially photon number states. In this study, we present a simple method for calculating quantum state evolution and experimentally demonstrate the impact of the quantum Gouy phase on two-photon quantum states. Our findings show that the increased phase sensitivity of multi-photon states also applies to the Gouy phase, which needs to be considered for a full understanding of state evolution. We further explore the potential of using the Gouy phase as a tool for manipulating quantum states and its application in quantum-enhanced sensing.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Meilan Luo, Matias Koivurova, Marco Ornigotti, Chaoliang Ding
Summary: This study focuses on recently introduced self-focusing fields carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) and their propagation through a turbulent ocean. The research shows that this type of field is more robust against turbulence-induced degradation compared to a completely coherent beam, with higher peak intensities, detection probabilities, and energy transmission efficiency.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2022)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Marco Ornigotti, David N. Carvalho, Fabio Biancalana
Summary: We review the optical response of graphene in both the linear and nonlinear regime, providing a reference for beginners and experienced researchers. The Dirac-Bloch equations are derived and extensively discussed, as they are crucial for describing electron-photon interaction in nonperturbative, gapless materials. We re-derive known results in the linear regime and describe the nonlinear interaction of ultrashort pulses with graphene. The validity of the Dirac-Bloch equations model is compared with the traditional Semiconductor-Bloch equations model, highlighting their advantages and shortcomings. Additionally, we present a cutting-edge model for the nonlinear optical response of graphene under bending, which greatly impacts the output spectra and offers a novel way to manipulate light in two-dimensional media.
RIVISTA DEL NUOVO CIMENTO
(2023)
Article
Optics
Meilan Luo, Marco Ornigotti, Matias Koivurova
Summary: A comprehensive theoretical framework is presented for the inverse design of correlation induced effects with optical beams. Correlation induced effects can significantly modify the intensity distribution of an optical beam through phenomena such as correlation induced splitting, focusing, and shifting. The analytical inverse design steps are provided, enabling the analysis of various related experiments. Lastly, an algorithm for more complex numerical inverse design is outlined and demonstrated.
Article
Optics
Ibrahim Issah, Jesse Pietila, Tommi Kujala, Matias Koivurova, Humeyra Caglayan, Marco Ornigotti
Summary: This work proposes epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) nanoparticles composed of metal and dielectric bilayers, and uses the effective-medium approach to study their optical response. By varying the radii of the bilayer nanospheres, a passive tunable ENZ region ranging from visible to near IR is obtained. Additionally, the absorption and scattering cross section of ENZ nanoparticles are presented using open-source transfer-matrix-based software (STRATIFY). The proposed ENZ nanoparticle is expected to be experimentally realized using chemical synthesis techniques.
Article
Optics
Arttu Nieminen, Marco Ornigotti
Summary: In this study, we theoretically investigate the nonlinear response of bent graphene in the presence of artificially enhanced spin-orbit coupling. Our findings reveal that by controlling the amount of spin-orbit coupling, it is possible to significantly tune the spectrum of the nonlinear signal, achieving efficient conversion of light.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yaraslau Tamashevich, Leone Di Mauro Villari, Marco Ornigotti
Summary: In this study, we propose a theoretical model to investigate the nonlinear optical response of two-dimensional materials with a low-energy spectrum characterized by strongly tilted, type-II Weyl cones, which we refer to as 2D Weyl materials. Our findings demonstrate that the tilted nature of the Weyl cones is responsible for the presence of even harmonics in the nonlinear signal and its strong polarization dependence. We discuss the possibility of controlling this nonlinear response and envision the use of 2D Weyl materials in various photonic devices for sensing applications.
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Shashi Prabhakar, Stephen Plachta, Marco Ornigotti, Robert Fickler
2021 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS EUROPE & EUROPEAN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (CLEO/EUROPE-EQEC)
(2021)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Charles W. Robson, Marco Ornigotti
2021 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS EUROPE & EUROPEAN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (CLEO/EUROPE-EQEC)
(2021)
