Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lichun Qiao, Xuan Liu, Yujie He, Jiaheng Zhang, Hao Huang, Wenming Bian, Mumba Mulutula Chilufya, Yan Zhao, Jing Han
Summary: Fluorine, considered essential but controversial for human health, can lead to skeletal fluorosis with symptoms of osteosclerosis and degenerative changes in joint cartilage due to long-term excessive intake. Research focuses on signaling pathways, stress pathways, and epigenetics for understanding the pathogenesis of skeletal fluorosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Shafiul Haque, Ritu Raina, Nazia Afroze, Arif Hussain, Ahmad Alsulimani, Vineeta Singh, Bhartendu Nath Mishra, Sanjana Kaul, Ravindra Nath Kharwar
Summary: Numerous studies have shown a strong relationship between the microbiome and cancer. Microbes are more commonly found in the body fluids of cancer patients compared to healthy individuals. Imbalance in the microbiota can lead to immunodeficiency and cancer. Some microbes are causative agents, while others promote tumor formation, but little is known about how these microbial communications cause gene and epigenome changes that trigger tumor growth.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Azita Chellappoo, Jan Baedke
Summary: In recent years, postgenomic research, especially in the fields of epigenetics and microbiome science, has revealed novel ways in which social processes of racialization can lead to physiological and health-related racial differences. This new concept of biosocial race has important implications for philosophical debates on the nature of race. However, there are two biases in the way racial schemas are employed in postgenomic research. Firstly, only certain aspects of social race are believed to cross the barrier into biology, leading to a distorted view of the social component of biosocial race. Secondly, racial categories are assumed to be stable across time and space, which limits our understanding and relies on a fixed racial ontology. The complexity of the causal pathways and modes of embodiment of social race uncovered by postgenomic science challenges the idea of fixed racial ontologies, calling for a more nuanced understanding or even a deflationary metaphysics of race.
Review
Cell Biology
Aishi Liang, Yingshan Fang, Lan Ye, Jianda Meng, Xusheng Wang, Jinsong Chen, Xuejuan Xu
Summary: Hair follicle homeostasis is regulated by various signaling pathways, disruption of which leads to hair aging and other disorders. Hair aging is associated with oxidative stress, hormonal disorders, inflammation, DNA damage, and repair defects. These factors pose threats to hair follicle cells, affecting hair regeneration and pigmentation. Previous studies have explored the mechanisms and treatments for hair aging, but there are still limitations.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jie-Lei Zhang, Bin-Bin Du, Dian-Hong Zhang, Huan Li, Ling-Yao Kong, Guang-Jian Fan, Ya-Peng Li, Peng-Cheng Li, Cui Liang, Zheng Wang, Lu-Lu Yang, Zheng-Yang Hao, Lei-Ming Wu, Zhen Huang, Jian-Zeng Dong, Jin-Ying Zhang, Rui Yao, Shou-Jun Wang, Yan-Zhou Zhang
Summary: OTUB1 plays a key role in NASH by inhibiting the polyubiquitination of TRAF6, thus reducing hepatic steatosis and inflammatory responses. Targeting the OTUB1-TRAF6-ASK1 axis could be a promising therapeutic strategy for NASH.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rebecca Serna-Garcia, Panagiotis Tsapekos, Laura Treu, Alberto Bouzas, Aurora Seco, Stefano Campanaro, Irini Angelidaki
Summary: Three inhibitors, including sodium ionophore III (ETH2120), carbon monoxide (CO), and sodium 2bromoethanesulfonate (BES), were assessed for their impact on CO2 biomethanation in microorganisms from Archaea and Bacteria domains. The study demonstrates that ETH2120 and CO can promote methane production while BES does not, indicating the inactivation of archaea. Methylotrophic methanogenesis from methylamines was the main pathway for methane production, and a slight decrease in acetate production with an increase in CH4 production was observed with the addition of 20 kPa of CO. It should be noted that all compounds had effects on the microbial community composition, although the specific effects on CO2 biomethanation were challenging to observe due to the complexity of the environmental samples used as inoculum.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yu Li, Yuanyuan Zhao, Xiaona Li, Liuqun Zhai, Hua Zheng, Ying Yan, Qiang Fu, Jinlian Ma, Haier Fu, Zhenqiang Zhang, Zhonghua Li
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease with no cure. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD and has potential therapeutic benefits for treatment.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
L. N. Ding, Y. Y. Yu, C. J. Ma, C. J. Lei, H. B. Zhang
Summary: SOX2 is a transcription factor involved in embryonic development and has been found to be abnormally expressed in tumor tissues. It plays a role in regulating tumor progression and metastasis by maintaining the stemness of cancer cells. SOX2 also affects various cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, ferroptosis, and drug resistance. However, its function can be context-dependent, acting as a tumor suppressor in certain types of cancer. Modulating SOX2 expression may have therapeutic potential in treating cancer patients.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christiana C. C. Christodoulou, Eleni Zamba Papanicolaou
Summary: This study identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), pathways, and miRNAs related to Huntington's Disease (HD) using bioinformatics analysis. The findings shed light on the underlying molecular mechanisms of HD and provide potential therapeutic targets.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Luis Alameda, Giulia Trotta, Harriet Quigley, Victoria Rodriguez, Romayne Gadelrab, Daniella Dwir, Emma Dempster, Chloe C. Y. Wong, Marta Di Forti
Summary: A significant proportion of the global burden of disease can be attributed to mental illness. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, have emerged as potential mediators of environmental and genetic risk factors for psychiatric disorders. This review aims to explore the role of DNA methylation in biological pathways associated with various psychiatric disorders, as well as its relationship with known risk factors such as childhood adversity and cannabis use.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tsutomu Shimura
Summary: Under physiological and stress conditions, mitochondria function as a signaling platform for biological events, transmitting information from the mitochondria to the rest of the cell. Mitochondrial molecules such as ATP, reactive oxygen species, cytochrome C, and damage-associated molecular patterns act as messengers in metabolism, stress response, apoptosis, senescence, and inflammation. This review paper summarizes the mitochondrial signaling in response to DNA damage, as well as the regulation of mitochondrial quality control and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in radiation-induced carcinogenesis. The analysis of the mitochondrial radiation effect is crucial in assessing radiation risks to human health.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xia Li, Chentao Li, Wanying Zhang, Yanan Wang, Pengxu Qian, He Huang
Summary: Aging is characterized by systemic chronic inflammation and its associated consequences. Inflammation and senescence form a vicious cycle, with senescent cells promoting chronic inflammation and inflammation accelerating cellular senescence. The persistence of elevated inflammation levels in organs leads to organ damage and age-related diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of inflammation and aging is crucial for developing effective anti-aging strategies.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Botle Precious Setlai, Zilungile Lynette Mkhize-Kwitshana, Ravi Mehrotra, Thanyani Victor Mulaudzi, Zodwa Dlamini
Summary: Malignant mesotheliomas are difficult-to-treat cancers with poor prognosis, particularly in Sub-Saharan African countries. Exposure to asbestos fibers and lack of regulatory frameworks contribute to the increasing burden of this disease. Epigenetic alterations induced by asbestos and microbiome-epigenetic interactions play crucial roles in the initiation and progression of malignant mesotheliomas. The potential use of epigenetic changes and microbiota as biomarkers and the advancement of combinatorial therapies are discussed for early detection and improved survival of patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mariusz A. Bromke, Malgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease, characterized by chronic and complex conditions such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, is closely linked to dysregulation of the mucosal immune system, compromised intestinal epithelial barrier, and dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. Bile acids play a significant physiological role beyond aiding digestion of lipids, acting as signaling molecules on lipid metabolism and immune responses through various receptors. Recent studies have focused on the therapeutic potential of bile acids in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, highlighting their impact on gut microbiome and signaling pathways.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Xinbei Tian, Ying Wang, Ying Zhou, Bo Wu, Ying Lu, Jun Du, Weipeng Wang, Wei Cai, Yongtao Xiao
Summary: The study found that A beta deposition in the livers of infants with BA reduced liver regeneration by impairing mitochondrial respiration and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling.
CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)