Review
Infectious Diseases
Vasiliki Soulountsi, Theodoros Schizodimos, Serafeim Chrysovalantis Kotoulas
Summary: In recent decades, invasive candidiasis (IC) has become a significant cause of morbidity, mortality, and economic burden in the intensive care unit (ICU). The epidemiology of IC remains a difficult and unsolved puzzle for the literature. IC burden estimation is challenging due to various definitions and limitations in case-finding methodologies. Candidemia and intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) are the predominant types of IC in the ICU, with an increasing incidence of candidemia, particularly in elderly or immunosuppressed patients, and a shift towards non-albicans species worldwide.
Article
Immunology
Matteo Bassetti, Elie Azoulay, Bart-Jan Kullberg, Markus Ruhnke, Shmuel Shoham, Jose Vazquez, Daniele Roberto Giacobbe, Thierry Calandra
Summary: The EORTC/MSGERC recently revised the definitions of invasive fungal disease, focusing on cancer and transplant patients but not ICU patients. The challenges in diagnosing IFD in the ICU setting vary for different types of fungal infections.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Liam Townsend, Ignacio Martin-Loeches
Summary: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a serious disease with high mortality and morbidity among ICU patients. Diagnosis is challenging and requires integration of clinical, radiological, and microbiological features. Multidrug-resistant Aspergillosis is a growing concern, but there are new therapeutic options being developed.
Review
Immunology
Sarah Gaffney, Dearbhla M. Kelly, Puteri Maisarah Rameli, Eoin Kelleher, Ignacio Martin-Loeches
Summary: The prevalence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is increasing in critically ill patients, both immunocompetent and immunocompromised. It commonly occurs as a complication of severe influenza and severe COVID-19 infection. IPA remains challenging to diagnose and treat and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
Review
Dermatology
Koray K. Demir, Guillaume Butler-Laporte, Olivier Del Corpo, Taline Ekmekjian, Donald C. Sheppard, Todd C. Lee, Matthew P. Cheng
Summary: A systematic review and network meta-analysis compared the efficacy of echinocandins, amphotericin B, and triazoles in the treatment of invasive candidiasis, finding that echinocandins were associated with the highest treatment success rate. Overall survival did not significantly differ between groups. Echinocandins were deemed the most effective choice in about 98% of rank probability analysis.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kubra Demir Onder, Aysegul Seremet Keskin
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of different antifungal treatment approaches (prophylactic, empirical, and culture-directed) on mortality, development of candidemia, and length of hospital stay in patients with intra-abdominal contamination. The results showed that prophylactic antifungal therapy can reduce the risk of candidemia and hospitalization duration. Therefore, prophylactic antifungal treatment may be considered, especially in patients with a history of surgery and a prolonged waiting time until surgical operation.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jiahui Zhang, Wei Cheng, Dongkai Li, Jianwei Chen, Guoyu Zhao, Hao Wang, Na Cui
Summary: A rapid invasive candidiasis (IC)-predictive risk score incorporating clinical risk factors and lymphocyte subtyping parameters was developed and validated in ICU patients. The scoring system demonstrated good discrimination and calibration for early IC diagnosis, outperforming the Candida score.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Jannik Helweg-Larsen, Morten Steensen, Finn Moller Pedersen, Pia Bredahl Jensen, Michael Perch, Kirsten Moller, Birthe Riis Olesen, Mathias Soderlund, Maiken Cavling Arendrup
Summary: This study evaluated the use of non-culture-based biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of invasive candidiasis in ICU patients through an antifungal stewardship program. The combination of T2Candida and MAg was found to improve the accuracy of early AFT initiation and reduce unnecessary treatment duration. However, there was no overall reduction in the use of antifungals observed in the study.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Caitlin Keighley, Louise Cooley, Arthur J. Morris, David Ritchie, Julia E. Clark, Peter Boan, Leon J. Worth
Summary: Patients with haematological malignancies, haemopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and patients requiring admission to intensive care settings are at high risk for invasive candidiasis (IC). Recent guidelines recommend using echinocandin as first-line therapy for high-risk patients with IC and emphasize the importance of non-pharmacological management.
INTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Noura Nouri, Shahla Roudbar Mohammadi, Justin Beardsley, Peyman Aslani, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar, Maryam Roudbary, Celia Fortuna Rodrigues
Summary: The number of Candida spp. infections and drug resistance are increasing globally, and new antifungal compounds are urgently needed. Thymoquinone (TQ), a bioactive compound in black cumin seed, was found to have antifungal and antibiofilm activity against Candida glabrata, a high-priority pathogen. TQ inhibited biofilm formation and reduced EPA6 gene expression in C. glabrata isolates.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
R. Sobel, P. Nyirjesy, M. A. Ghannoum, D. A. Delchev, N. E. Azie, D. Angulo, I. A. Harriott, K. Borroto-Esoda, J. D. Sobel
Summary: Ibrexafungerp has demonstrated statistical superiority over placebo in treating acute vulvovaginal candidiasis, with significantly higher rates of clinical cure, mycological eradication, overall success, and symptom resolution. It is a promising and effective one-day treatment for this condition.
BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Sarah E. Murphy, Tihana Bicanic
Summary: This review presents current antifungal drugs for Candida infections, discusses mechanisms of resistance, introduces novel antifungal agents under development, and explores the use of combination therapy as a potential strategy against emerging drug-resistant Candida.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Hiroyuki Ohbe, Yusuke Sasabuchi, Masao Iwagami, Takayuki Ogura, Sachiko Ono, Hiroki Matsui, Hideo Yasunaga
Summary: This study compares the outcomes of COVID-19 patients with invasive mechanical ventilation treated in high-dependency care units (HDUs) and intensive care units (ICUs). It suggests that treatment in the ICU may significantly reduce in-hospital mortality within 30 days compared with treatment in the HDU. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Thomas Senoner, Robert Breitkopf, Benedikt Treml, Sasa Rajsic
Summary: Invasive fungal infections are a major challenge in organ transplant patients, with candidiasis being the most common, followed by aspergillosis and cryptococcosis. Liver transplant recipients are at high risk for candidiasis and aspergillosis, and targeted prophylaxis is recommended. Timely treatment is crucial for optimal outcomes in transplanted patients. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology, risk factors, prophylaxis, and treatment strategies for the most common fungal infections in organ transplantation, focusing on liver transplantation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Matthew O'Donnell, Ryan K. Shields, Rachel Marini, Lara M. Groetzinger, Brian A. Potoski, Bonnie A. Falcione, Sunish Shah, Erin K. Mccreary, Lloyd Clarke, Emily Brant, Bryan J. Mcverry, Susan Liegey, A. William Pasculle, Cornelius J. Clancy, M. Hong Nguyen
Summary: The use of T2Candida nonculture test under the guidance of a diagnostic stewardship program can improve time to diagnosis, time to initiation of antifungal therapy, and reduce antifungal usage in patients with septic shock.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Gregoire Justeau, Sebastien Bailly, Chloe Gerves-Pinquie, Wojciech Trzepizur, Nicole Meslier, Francois Goupil, Thierry Pigeanne, Sandrine Launois, Laurene Leclair-Visonneau, Philippe Masson, Acya Bizieux-Thaminy, Jean-Louis Racineux, David Gozal, Frederic Gagnadoux
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy and the incidence of cancer in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The results showed that adherence to CPAP therapy did not significantly reduce the risk of all-cancer incidence. Further evaluation is needed to determine if adherent CPAP therapy for OSA can reduce the risk of specific cancer sites.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Arnaud Prigent, Claude Pellen, Joelle Texereau, Sebastien Bailly, Nicolas Coquerel, Renaud Gervais, Jean-Marc Liegaux, Regis Luraine, Jean-Christophe Renaud, Anne-Laure Serandour, Jean Louis Pepin
Summary: The study demonstrates that long-term telemonitoring of CPAP treatment can assist in early detection of serious cardiac events in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea, particularly those with cardiovascular comorbidities.
Review
Microbiology
Daniele Maubon, Cecile Garnaud, Lala Soavina Ramarozatovo, Rapelanoro Rabenja Fahafahantsoa, Muriel Cornet, Tahinamandranto Rasamoelina
Summary: Chromoblastomycosis and sporotrichosis, as neglected tropical diseases, have laboratory diagnosis methods that require expertise and have limitations in sensitivity and specificity. However, the application of molecular methods such as MALDI-TOF MS, PCR, and sequencing can greatly improve the speed and accuracy of diagnosis, providing user-friendly point-of-care tests for basic healthcare settings and field consultations.
Editorial Material
Critical Care Medicine
Michael Darmon, David Schnell, Antoine Schneider
INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alexandre Chouraki, Julia Tournant, Pierrick Arnal, Jean-Louis Pepin, Sebastien Bailly
Summary: This study analyzed the variability in sleep parameters recorded over multiple nights in an ecological setting using a portable sleep monitor and estimated the minimum sample sizes required to reliably account for inter- and intra-individual variability in sleep parameters. The night-to-night variability of sleep parameters was underestimated and under-recognized, highlighting the importance of better estimation of sample sizes and number of nights required in clinical trials.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sebastien Bailly, Odile Fabre, Mallory Cals-Maurette, Laurent Pantagis, Robin Terrail, Remy Legrand, Arne Astrup, Jean-Louis Pepin
Summary: This study assessed the impact of a weight-loss program on OSA risk and daytime sleepiness. The results showed that the program led to significant weight loss and improvement in both OSA and subjective daytime sleepiness.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jean-Louis Pepin, Sebastien Bailly, Joelle B. B. Texereau, Emmanuel Sonnet, Sylvie Picard, Bruno Verges, Christine Coffin Boutreux, Gwenaelle Arnault Ouary, Laurence Kessler, Bruno Guerci, Brigitte Anton Kuchly, Salha Fendri Gaied, Alain Cuperlier, Christel Voinot, Christele Derrien, Severine Dubois, Florent Lavergne, Anne Laure Borel, Renaud Tamisier, Pierre-Yves Benhamou
Summary: This study investigated sleep apnoea prevalence, factors influencing severity, and associations between sleep apnoea severity and micro-/macrovascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes. The findings highlight the significance of sleep apnoea as a comorbidity in these patients and emphasize the importance of screening and management.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Respiratory System
Monique Mendelson, Jeremy Duval, Francois Bettega, Renaud Tamisier, Sebastien Baillieul, Sebastien Bailly, Jean-Louis Pepin
Summary: CPAP is the first-line therapy for OSA, but adherence is a major issue, with up to 50% discontinuing CPAP within 3 years. This article discusses the individual and societal costs of non-adherence, factors associated with non-adherence, and strategies for improving adherence, including telehealth and behavioral interventions. Challenges in visualization and analysis of CPAP remote monitoring platforms are also addressed. Expert opinion highlights the need for tailored strategies to improve CPAP adherence, as well as the importance of refining visualization dashboards and utilizing telehealth and innovative analytics.
EXPERT REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Critical Care Medicine
Christopher D. Turnbull, Sebastien Bailly
Article
Clinical Neurology
Andras Bikov, Sebastien Bailly, Dries Testelmans, Francesco Fanfulla, Athanasia Pataka, Izolde Bouloukaki, Holger Hein, Zoran K. Dogas, Ozen Basoglu, Richard Staats, Gianfranco Parati, Carolina Lombardi, Ludger Grote, Stefan Mihaicuta, ESADA Study Grp
Summary: Periodic limb movements during sleep may be an additional risk factor for cardiovascular disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea, as it is associated with dyslipidemia. This study aimed to determine the impact of periodic limb movements during sleep on serum lipid levels in obstructive sleep apnea patients.
JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jeremy Duval, Clementine Mouroux, Sophie Foury, Jean-Louis Pepin, Sebastien Bailly
SLEEP AND BREATHING
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Naima Laharnar, Sebastien Bailly, Ozen K. Basoglu, Jitka Buskova, Marta Drummond, Francesco Fanfulla, Stefan Mihaicuta, Athanasia Pataka, Renata L. Riha, Izolde Bouloukaki, Dries Testelmans, Georgia Trakada, Johan Verbraecken, Sandra Zimmermann, Thomas Penzel, Ingo Fietze
Summary: Obstructive sleep apnea increases morbidity and mortality risks. The most common treatment is continuous positive airway pressure, with nasal mask usage being important, but not always optimal. Bed partners play a crucial role in treatment adherence and overall satisfaction. Most bed partners have a positive attitude towards continuous positive airway pressure therapy and do not perceive negative intimacy effects. However, there is a negative impact on attitude with increased therapy length.
JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Ashraf Yassen, Katrin Coboeken, Sebastien Bailly, Rolf Burghaus, Jitka Buskova, Zoran Dogas, Marta Drummond, Haralampos Gouveris, Pavol Joppa, Joerg Lippert, Carolina Lombardi, Stefan Mihaicuta, Jean Louis Pepin, Ding Zou, Jan Hedner, Ludger Grote
Summary: By analyzing data from the European Sleep Apnea Database, researchers identified distinguishable phenotypes of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients and found that different patient clusters exhibited varying responses to positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment in both short- and long-term.
Article
Respiratory System
Francois Bettega, Clemence Leyrat, Renaud Tamisier, Monique Mendelson, Yves Grillet, Marc Sapene, Maria R. Bonsignore, Jean Louis Pepin, Michael W. Kattan, Sebastien Bailly
Summary: This study demonstrates how two causal inference methods can be used to assess the impact of CPAP adherence on daytime sleepiness in patients with OSA. The results indicate a causal effect of CPAP adherence on daytime sleepiness, with differences observed between lower and higher adherence groups, while no significant differences were found when considering higher levels of adherence.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2022)