Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Laura Ruoqiao He, Patricia Shirley de Almeida Prado
Summary: The study found a positive correlation between the degree of entheseal changes and the severity of osteodegenerative processes, supporting the role of enthesis in osteoarthritis. The results contribute to the hypothesis that the degree of entheseal changes is related to the severity of osteoarthritic manifestation, suggesting the enthesis could potentially be a target for diagnosing osteoarthritis, thereby providing new insights into the disease.
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
T. Hinault, S. Baillet, S. M. Courtney
Summary: This study characterizes the time-resolved resting-state magnetoencephalography activity of the hippocampus and subcortical brain regions in healthy young and older individuals. The findings reveal age-related changes in rhythmic and arrhythmic signal strength, with a slowing of neural activity and reduced gamma activity in deeper brain regions. The study also highlights the association between reduced occipito-parietal alpha peak and increased theta-band activity in the hippocampus, which may reflect compensatory processes.
Review
Cell Biology
Weicheng Fang, Shuxin Chen, Xuejiao Jin, Shenkui Liu, Xiuling Cao, Beidong Liu
Summary: Metabolism plays a crucial role in regulating aging, and metabolic reprogramming is the primary driving force behind aging. The relationship between changes in metabolite levels and aging is complex due to variations in metabolic needs and organ functions. However, not all changes in metabolite levels contribute to aging. The development of metabolomics research provides insights into the overall metabolic changes during the aging process, aiming to identify potential metabolic markers of aging. This information can be valuable for future diagnosis and clinical intervention of aging and age-related diseases.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hui Chen, Michelle M. Dunk, Binghan Wang, Mengjia Zhao, Jie Shen, Geng Zong, Yuesong Pan, Lusha Tong, Weili Xu, Changzheng Yuan
Summary: Adherence to the MIND diet is associated with larger brain volumes in certain regions and is not influenced by genetic factors. However, there is no significant association between the MIND diet and longitudinal changes in brain structure.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Anthropology
Uxue Perez-Arzak, Sebastien Villotte, Alvaro Arrizabalaga, Gonzalo J. Trancho
Summary: This study analyzed three different methods for studying entheseal changes and found that they show different trends, with Santana's method often having the highest scores and frequencies, while the Coimbra method has the lowest. Villotte's method appears to determine the general trends of ECs most clearly.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Rheumatology
Enrico De Lorenzis, Gerlando Natalello, David Simon, Georg Schett, Maria Antonietta D'Agostino
Summary: Pain is the main symptom in entheseal diseases. Eicosanoids, cytokines, and neuropeptides released during inflammation and mechanical challenge stimulate nerves and blood vessels to invade the enthesis. Nociceptive pseudounipolar neurons support this process by releasing neurotransmitters that induce neovascularization and sensitization, which may explain the dissociation between pain and imaging findings.
ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Zoe Lazar-Kurz, Jasmine Aziz, Katelyn J. McKearney, Cindy Hamon-Hill, Arthur MacDonald, Aaron Newman, Gail Eskes
Summary: Aging is associated with declines in cognitive function, including learning and memory. The present study used prism adaptation (PA) to investigate visuo-motor learning and error processing in older adults. EEG results indicated that older adults had similar initial error processing as young adults, but displayed reduced attentional orienting and enhanced context updating during the prism exposure phase. These findings provide insights into age-related learning differences and suggest potential clinical applications.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Clemens Goegele, Judith Hahn, Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
Summary: The firm integration of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) grafts into bones remains a challenging issue in ACL reconstruction. To achieve a functional-tissue-engineered ACL substitute, robust bone attachment sites need to be re-established. This review discusses the peculiarities of synovioentheseal complexes at the femoral and tibial attachment sites and explores tissue engineering strategies to address them. Various material composites and manufacturing techniques have been applied to mimic the ACL enthesis tissue gradients, and functionalized materials and growth factors have been integrated for zone-dependent differentiation of precursor cells. However, the individual and asymmetric histoarchitectures of ACL entheses present a unique biomechanical microenvironment that must be considered in future ACL interface tissue engineering approaches.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Lachlan Cribb, Allison M. Hodge, Chenglong Yu, Sherly X. Li, Dallas R. English, Enes Makalic, Melissa C. Southey, Roger L. Milne, Graham G. Giles, Pierre-Antoine Dugue
Summary: Limited evidence exists on the link between inflammation and epigenetic aging. This study found that most inflammation-related markers were associated with epigenetic aging cross-sectionally, but the association weakened after 11 years of follow-up. Epigenetic aging and inflammaging were both independently associated with mortality and can be used together to predict mortality.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ruben Torregrosa-Munumer, Elena Vara, Jesus angel Fernandez-Tresguerres, Ricardo Gredilla
Summary: The study found that resveratrol can reverse age-related changes in inflammatory, oxidative, and apoptotic markers in the rat heart, suggesting it may have beneficial effects as an anti-aging compound to revert age-related changes in cardiac function.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zixuan Lin, Chantelle Lim, Dengrong Jiang, Anja Soldan, Corinne Pettigrew, Kumiko Oishi, Yuxin Zhu, Abhay Moghekar, Peiying Liu, Marilyn Albert, Hanzhang Lu
Summary: The longitudinal change in oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) in older adults is primarily associated with vascular pathology, but not with markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhuang-Zhi Wang, Fang-Hui Li, Pin-Shi Ni, Lei Sun, Chen-Kai Zhang, Bo-Ming Li, Jia-Han He, Xiao-Ming Yu, Yun-Qing Liu
Summary: Aging adipose tissue shows increased inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to metabolic dysfunction. In this study, the metabolic phenotypes of adipose tissue were compared between adult sedentary, old sedentary, and young sedentary groups. The results revealed higher levels of certain fatty acids and tocopherol, as well as lower levels of sarcosine, in the adult and old sedentary groups compared to the young sedentary group. Inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant capacity, and expression of ferroptosis-related genes were also elevated in the adult and old sedentary groups. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction associated with abnormal cardiolipin synthesis was more prominent in the old sedentary group.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Abdelhfeez Moshrif, Rasha Abdel Noor, Hany Aly, Mohamed Mortada, Ahmed Hafez
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and features of degenerative enthesopathic changes in a large cohort of healthy individuals using musculoskeletal ultrasound. The results showed that thickening and hypoechogenicity were the most frequent inflammatory findings, while enthesophyte was the most prevalent structural change. Age, gender, and body mass index were significantly correlated with inflammatory and structural changes. The findings suggest the need for redefining these features to better diagnose spondyloarthritides. The interpretation of enthesopathy should be cautious, especially in elderly and obese male patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Se-Hyun Nam, Young-Sil Han, Ki-Hyeon Sim, Seung-Ok Yang, Myung-Hyun Kim
Summary: This study investigated the effects of aging on the manufacturing process of black elephant garlic. The browning intensity of elephant garlic increased with the aging period, but stopped after 30 days. Reducing sugars increased until day 20 and then decreased, while pH decreased from 6.47 to 3.68 over the aging period. Antioxidant components in black elephant garlic significantly increased until day 30. GC/MS analysis confirmed the generation of primary metabolites related to antioxidant components during the aging process of elephant garlic.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Lin Wang, Jingjun Li, Shuang Teng, Wangang Zhang, Peter P. Purslow, Ruyu Zhang
Summary: This study found that ultrasound treatment and postmortem aging significantly influenced beef quality, with ultrasound improving tenderness by altering collagen structure and regulating the activities of cathepsin B + L.
Article
Archaeology
Anthony Gasparini, Federico Lugli, Sara Silvestrini, Annalisa Pietrobelli, Isabella Marchetta, Stefano Benazzi, Maria Giovanna Belcastro
Summary: Sex estimation of human skeletons can be challenging, but reliance on gendered grave goods and the analysis of tooth enamel peptides can help determine an individual's gender. This study confirmed the strong link between biological sex, archaeological gender, and the gendered division of society in a particular community.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE-REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Carla Figus, Nicholas B. Stephens, Rita Sorrentino, Eugenio Bortolini, Simona Arrighi, Owen A. Higgins, Federico Lugli, Giulia Marciani, Gregorio Oxilia, Matteo Romandini, Sara Silvestrini, Fabio Baruffaldi, Maria Giovanna Belcastro, Federico Bernardini, Anna Festa, Tamas Hajdu, Orsolya Mateovics-Laszlo, Ildiko Pap, Tamas Szeniczey, Claudio Tuniz, Timothy M. Ryan, Stefano Benazzi
Summary: This study investigates the early development of the talus bone and highlights the relationship between mechanical loading and bone development in the acquisition of bipedalism. The results suggest that the youngest group may reflect the immaturity of the human talus in bearing forces and performing bipedal walking.
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Sandra Braun, Lara Indra, Sandra Loesch, Marco Milella
Summary: This study analyzed the use of computed tomography images in forensic anthropology and found that viewing images in 2D had advantages, although not all bone lesions were detected. There was a significant correlation between manner of death and certain parameters. The inclusion of imaging training in anthropological curricula is recommended to enhance the capabilities of forensic anthropologists.
Article
Medicine, Legal
Sandra Braun, Nicole Schwendener, Fabian Kanz, Sandra Losch, Marco Milella
Summary: This study compared the differences between categorical and ordinal data and metric data for sex estimation using dry pelves and CT reconstructions. The results showed that metric data yielded the most consistent results, and among the nonmetric protocols, ordinal data performed better than categorical data.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Noah Steuri, Marco Milella, Francesca Martinet, Luca Raiteri, Sonke Szidat, Sandra Losch, Albert Hafner
Summary: Previous research focused on Neolithic cist graves in western Switzerland and eastern France, but little information was available for the adjacent Aosta Valley in Italy. Our research project identified about 120 stone cist graves from 10 sites in the Aosta Valley. Radiocarbon dating revealed that these burials date back to the first half of the 5th millennium BCE, making them the oldest known Neolithic cist graves in the Western Alpine region. This study provides new evidence to clarify the chronology and evolution of burial practices in the Western Alps.
Article
Anthropology
Teresa Nicolosi, Valentina Mariotti, Sahra Talamo, Monica Miari, Laura Minarini, Gabriele Nenzioni, Fiamma Lenzi, Annalisa Pietrobelli, Rita Sorrentino, Stefano Benazzi, Maria Giovanna Belcastro
Summary: This study examines prehistoric human skeletal remains from the Farneto rock shelter in northern Italy. Despite the fragmented and commingled nature of the remains, radiocarbon analysis provided an accurate dating and revealed intentional interventions and treatment of the corpses. Comparison with other European Neolithic/Eneolithic funerary contexts enhanced the understanding of these complex ritual practices.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Archaeology
Kevin Kay, Scott Haddow, Christopher Knuesel, Camilla Mazzucato, Marco Milella, Rena Veropoulidou, Katheryn C. Twiss
Summary: Archaeologists use the Gini coefficient to assess unequal distribution of material and support narratives based on modern inequality discourse. In the study of inequality at catalhoyuk, Turkey, the Gini coefficient is used to examine the distribution of burial practices among houses, resulting in a counterintuitive finding of slight increase in equality despite rising social complexity. This challenges the traditional understanding of material culture as a generic factor in inequality and suggests a need for a more substantive exploration of value.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zita Laffranchi, Marco Milella, Juan Carlos Vera Rodriguez, Maria Jose Martinez Fernandez, Maria Dolores Bretones Garcia, Sylvia Alejandra Jimenez Brobeil, Julia Brunig, Inmaculada Lopez Flores, Juan Antonio Camara Serrano, Rafael M. Martinez Sanchez
Summary: This study investigates the cultural and chronological significance of Cueva de los Marmoles (CM) in Southern Spain. Using radiocarbon dating, anthropological and taphonomic analyses, the study reveals that CM was used for funerary purposes between the 5th to 2nd millennium BCE. The remains of at least 12 individuals were found, and evidence suggests intentional fragmentation and potential reuse of the remains. These findings align with similar cave contexts in the region and indicate shared ideologies centered on the human body during the Neolithic period.
Article
Ecology
Carla Figus, Rita Sorrentino, Kristian J. Carlson, Antony Colombo, Eugenio Bortolini, Federico Bernardini, Igor Erjavec, Tamas Hajdu, Tamas Szeniczey, Orsolya Mateovics-Laszlo, Ildiko Pap, Claudio Tuniz, Mario Novak, Maria Giovanna Belcastro, Timothy M. Ryan, Stefano Benazzi
Summary: This study analyzed the morphological and internal changes of the talus during late ontogeny and adolescence. Results showed that the shape and orientation of the talus change as its overall size increases. Additionally, the internal trabecular bone structure varies among different age classes.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Anthropology
Annalisa Pietrobelli, Rita Sorrentino, Stefano Benazzi, Maria Giovanna Belcastro, Damiano Marchi
Summary: In this study, the shape variation of the proximal fibula in extant humans and great apes was compared to investigate the possible link between proximal fibular shape and locomotor patterns. Unique features of the human fibular head were found, supporting the functional role of this bone in human bipedalism. Distinctive traits in the proximal fibula morphology of great apes were also observed, corresponding to differences in their locomotor behavior. These findings suggest that the morphology of the proximal fibula can indicate locomotor behavior and may be useful in comparative analysis of fossil hominin remains.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Anthropology
Carla Figus, Nicholas B. Stephens, Rita Sorrentino, Eugenio Bortolini, Simona Arrighi, Federico Lugli, Giulia Marciani, Gregorio Oxilia, Matteo Romandini, Sara Silvestrini, Fabio Baruffaldi, Maria Giovanna Belcastro, Federico Bernardini, Igor Erjavec, Anna Festa, Tamas Hajdu, Orsolya Mateovics-Laszlo, Mario Novak, Ildiko Pap, Tamas Szeniczey, Claudio Tuniz, Timothy M. Ryan, Stefano Benazzi
Summary: This study examines the development of human bipedalism through analyzing the changes in morphology and behavior of modern human juveniles. By using innovative methods, the researchers analyze the internal and external morphology of the talus bone. The results show that the morphological changes in the talus bone reflect the different loading patterns experienced during growth, indicating the development of bipedal gait. The findings suggest that talus plasticity plays an important role in tracking the main milestones of locomotion.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Zita Laffranchi, Arsenio Granados-Torres, Sandra Losch, Albert Zink, Irene Dori, Antonio Delgado-Huertas, Marco Milella
Summary: This study analyzes the isotopic ratios of the Cenomani of Seminario Vescovile in Italy to explore their mobility and migration patterns. The results suggest that most individuals originated locally, with few exceptions possibly coming from the Alpine region.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Annalisa Pietrobelli, Damiano Marchi, Maria Giovanna Belcastro
Summary: This study examined the variations in length and breadth of the tibia and fibula during ontogeny. The results suggest that early toddling may be associated with developmental patterns in growing individuals, and there were no significant differences between sexes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Anthropology
Zita Laffranchi, Arsenio Granados-Torres, Sandra Loesch, Albert Zink, Irene Dori, Antonio Delgado-Huertas, Marco Milella
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Anthropology
Marco Milella, Gino Caspari, Zita Laffranchi, Gabriele Arenz, Timur Sadykov, Jegor Blochin, Marcel Keller, Yulija Kapinus, Sandra Loesch
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(2022)
