Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
S. Alekhin, A. Kardos, S. Moch, Z. Trocsanyi
Summary: A detailed comparison was made for four publicly available computer codes computing fixed-order predictions for Drell-Yan processes at the LHC and Tevatron colliders. It was found that while there is agreement among the predictions at NLO accuracy, differences arise at NNLO, potentially due to neglected power corrections in the codes using global slicing methods for double real emissions regularization.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Masahide Yagi, Masashi Taniguchi, Hiroshige Tateuchi, Tetsuya Hirono, Yoshihiro Fukumoto, Momoko Yamagata, Ryusuke Nakai, Yosuke Yamada, Misaka Kimura, Noriaki Ichihashi
Summary: This study used MRI to investigate the iliocapsularis muscle (IC) in healthy individuals and found that it could be identified in 85% to 95% of people. The study also revealed that the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the IC is only associated with sex and not age. However, the CSA of other lower-limb muscles was found to be associated with both sex and age.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhongyu Li, Shounan Lu, Baolin Qian, Zhanzhi Meng, Yongzhi Zhou, Dong Chen, Bangliang Chen, Guangchao Yang, Yong Ma
Summary: Several studies have shown that males are more severely affected than females in the process of ischemia and reperfusion of different organs. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the severity of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) and sex, and analyze the potential underlying mechanism. 75 patients with benign liver tumors who underwent partial hepatectomy were enrolled. Comparative analysis revealed that HIRI was more severe in males, especially in younger patients. Estrogen level differences may play a significant role in the sex differences observed in HIRI, along with other gonadal hormones.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Economics
Xavier D'Haultfoeuille, Stefan Hoderlein, Yuya Sasaki
Summary: This paper presents a new difference-in-difference strategy to identify the causal effects of a continuous treatment. The proposed approach considers endogeneity of the treatment and utilizes repeated cross-sections. It requires an exogenous change over time that affects the treatment heterogeneously, as well as stationarity of the distribution of unobservables and a rank invariance condition on the time trend. The study develops nonparametric estimators for average and quantile treatment effect parameters and investigates their asymptotic properties. The findings are then applied to examine the impact of disposable income on consumption.
JOURNAL OF ECONOMETRICS
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Marco Hirnstein, Markus Hausmann
Summary: This commentary rejects the extreme 'sexual dimorphism' concept and emphasizes the importance of sex/gender differences in the brain, highlighting that even small effects can have meaningful behavioral consequences. It suggests that non-binary sex/gender-related factors may better explain individual differences and play important roles in the etiology of mental and neurodevelopmental disorders. The conclusion underscores the significance of the biopsychosocial approach in understanding sex/gender differences in the brain.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Frederick L. Hitti, Drew Parker, Andrew I. Yang, Steven Brem, Ragini Verma
Summary: This study used tractography to reconstruct and characterize the lateral habenula (LHb) and found that in right-handed individuals, the streamlines were more numerous in the left hemisphere, while females had significantly more streamlines than males. These findings have potential therapeutic implications and warrant further investigation.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Emily Neuhaus, Megha Santhosh, Anna Kresse, Elizabeth Aylward, Raphael Bernier, Susan Bookheimer, Shafali Jeste, Allison Jack, James C. Mcpartland, Adam Naples, John D. Van Horn, Kevin Pelphrey, Sara Jane Webb, ACE GENDAAR Network
Summary: The study explores the relationship between electroencephalogram (EEG) frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) and mental health, ASD diagnostic features, and sex in youth. The findings suggest that FAA is associated with social-emotional behaviors, and there are different patterns of association for females and males with an ASD diagnosis.
Article
Neurosciences
Venla Kumpulainen, Harri Merisaari, Eero Silver, Anni Copeland, Elmo P. Pulli, John D. Lewis, Ekaterina Saukko, Satu J. Shulist, Jani Saunavaara, Riitta Parkkola, Tuire Laehdesmaeki, Linnea Karlsson, Hasse Karlsson, Jetro J. Tuulari
Summary: The rapid early-life white matter maturation is followed by slower and long-lasting development, accompanied by the learning of more complex skills. By the age of 5, differences in behavior and cognition between females and males as well as brain lateralization functions such as language skills start to appear. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can be used to measure the fractional anisotropy (FA) within the white matter, with higher values indicating more advanced brain development. This study examined the normal features of white matter development in early childhood using DTI data from 166 healthy infants (mean age 3.8 weeks) and 144 healthy children (mean age 5.4 years). The results showed sex differences and age-dependent changes in white matter development, as well as the presence of asymmetry in white matter microstructure in infants.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Cuicui Li, Mingmin Ning, Pinyan Fang, Haibo Xu
Summary: The study analyzed gender differences in grey matter asymmetry in children with autism spectrum disorders and typically developing controls, exploring the correlation between grey matter asymmetry and autistic symptoms. Findings revealed qualitative gender differences in grey matter asymmetry in children with autism spectrum disorders, highlighting the importance of gender-specific diagnostic methods and treatments.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Monica Escorial, Javier Muriel, Cesar Margarit, Laura Agullo, Domingo Morales, Ana M. Peiro Peiro
Summary: This study aimed to explore potential sex differences in chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) outpatients. The results showed that there were sex differences in the individual risk profile related to opioid use disorder (OUD), indicating the need to consider these differences in designing prevention programs.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Aleksandra Kosza Koszalka, Klaudia Lustyk, Karolina Pytka
Summary: This review discusses the recent progress in understanding the biological sex differences in cognition and highlights the challenges encountered in such research. It focuses on spatial, recognition, and emotional memory, as well as executive functions such as attention, cognitive flexibility, and working memory.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuhao Zhao, Mi Zhou, Haijun Li, Jianing He, Pianpian Wei, Song Xing
Summary: This study quantified biomechanical asymmetries of humeral diaphyses from three Chinese archaeological populations, revealing analogous distribution patterns of highly asymmetrical regions corresponding to major muscle attachments. While J(35) and J(50) asymmetry were related to overall humeral asymmetry, they could not reflect localized asymmetrical features across the diaphysis.
Article
Oncology
Rachel Vogel, Broderick Yoerg, Patricia Jewett, Nathan Rubin, Megan Olson, Ashley E. Stenzel, Rehana L. Ahmed, DeAnn Lazovich
Summary: This study examined sex differences in cancer-specific psychosocial quality of life among long-term melanoma survivors. Females were more likely to report changes in appearance and fear of recurrence, but also perceived a positive impact from melanoma. Males were more likely to acknowledge life's limited duration. Unique quality of life concerns for males and females following a melanoma diagnosis may require diverse support methods.
SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
(2021)
Article
Biology
Cathy S. Chen, Evan Knep, Autumn Han, R. Becket Ebitz, Nicola M. Grissom
Summary: Research on male and female mice in decision-making tasks revealed that males tend to make more exploratory choices while females learn more quickly during exploration. These sex differences are more prominent during periods of learning and exploration than during stable choices.
Review
Immunology
Nicole M. Wilkinson, Ho-Chung Chen, Melissa G. Lechner, Maureen A. Su
Summary: Strong epidemiological evidence supports the important role of sex as a biologic variable in immunity, particularly in relation to COVID-19. However, the underlying mechanisms of sex differences in immune-mediated conditions still require further investigation. Recent experimental data have provided insights into how sex-defining factors impact immune responses and have potential implications for personalized patient care. This review focuses on recent findings regarding sex differences in autoimmunity, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cancer immunotherapy, and emphasizes the importance of understanding these mechanisms for the development of sex-based approaches to disease screening and treatment.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
