Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nadja Thielemann, Michaela Herz, Oliver Kurzai, Ronny Martin
Summary: The human body is home to a dynamic ecosystem of millions of microbes, with fungi playing a smaller but significant role. Fungi can be found in various host niches such as the gut, oral cavity, and skin, and have potential impacts on the health and disease of the human host.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wei Wang, Thomas E. Mallouk
Summary: The recent invention of nanoswimmers, synthetic, powered objects with characteristic lengths in the range of 10-500 nm, has generated widespread interest. However, studying nanoswimmers poses new opportunities and challenges, particularly in accurately characterizing and visualizing them.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alda Attina, Claudia Leggeri, Rita Paroni, Francesca Pivari, Michele Dei Cas, Alessandra Mingione, Maria Dri, Marco Marchetti, Laura Di Renzo
Summary: Fasting is a key topic in the Nutritional Era, involving catabolism of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates to maintain blood glucose levels and promote longevity. While studies show benefits, there is a lack of safe fasting protocols for physicians to prescribe. Research needs to focus on specific guidelines to enhance effectiveness and improve body composition.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ciarrah-Jane S. Barry, Venexia M. Walker, Rosa Cheesman, George Davey Smith, Tim T. Morris, Neil M. Davies
Summary: This article provides an overview of the methods commonly used in genetic epidemiology to estimate heritability. It covers family-based designs, genomic designs based on unrelated individuals, and family-based genomic designs. The article describes the estimation methods and assumptions for each method, and discusses the implications when these assumptions are not met. It also examines the benefits and limitations of estimating heritability within samples of unrelated individuals compared with samples of related individuals.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ruth Ley
Summary: The survey of humanity's 'second genome' is crucial and needs to be more comprehensive.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
John P. Haran, Beth A. McCormick
Summary: The human gut microbiome, consisting of bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses, plays essential roles in protecting, metabolizing, and maintaining human health. Imbalances within the intestinal microbial community structure are increasingly recognized as being involved in disease processes across various organ systems, particularly due to untoward inflammatory responses. Recent advances in understanding the microbiome's role in aging have opened the door for potential novel therapeutics targeting a less dysbiotic microbiome to prevent or treat age-related diseases.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Itai Sharon, Narciso Martin Quijada, Edoardo Pasolli, Marco Fabbrini, Francesco Vitali, Valeria Agamennone, Andreas Doetsch, Evelyne Selberherr, Jose Horacio Grau, Martin Meixner, Karsten Liere, Danilo Ercolini, Carlotta de Filippo, Giovanna Caderni, Patrizia Brigidi, Silvia Turroni
Summary: The core microbiome, which represents consistent microbial features across populations, is of great interest in microbiome research. Understanding the core microbiome can lead to the identification of dysbiosis-causing elements and potential treatments for microbiome-related health conditions. However, defining the core microbiome is a complex task that requires collaboration between experts in various fields.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Emily M. Williamson, Zhaohong Sun, Lucia Mora-Tamez, Richard L. Brutchey
Summary: Understanding and controlling colloidal nanocrystal syntheses are crucial for the discovery and optimization of desired properties, as well as their applications. Traditional one variable at a time (OVAT) methods hinder researchers from achieving these goals by providing limited insight into the complex, multidimensional experimental domain and wasting resources. Utilizing design of experiments (DoE) and response surface methodology (RSM) offers an accelerated approach for multivariate investigation and optimization of nanocrystal syntheses.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruwen Zhou, Siu Kin Ng, Joseph Jao Yiu Sung, Wilson Wen Bin Goh, Sunny Hei Wong
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive overview of preprocessing techniques relevant to microbiome research. It outlines a typical workflow for microbiome data analysis and discusses methods such as quality filtering, batch effect correction, imputation of missing values, normalization, and data transformation. The strengths and limitations of each technique are highlighted, serving as a practical guide for researchers, while also identifying areas in need of further methodological development.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2023)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Aleksandar D. Kostic
Summary: This commentary reflects on the author's research journey in the human microbiome field and provides an overview of the field's progress.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Marius Schwabenland, Wolfgang Brueck, Josef Priller, Christine Stadelmann, Hans Lassmann, Marco Prinz
Summary: Microglia, as highly sensitive immune cells in the central nervous system, play crucial roles in various neurological diseases. Recent advances in technology have helped identify new expression profiles and states of microglia, contributing to research on health and diseases.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yuni Choi, Susan L. Hoops, Calvin J. Thoma, Abigail J. Johnson
Summary: The human gut microbiome is associated with metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk. Modifying the microbiome through diet offers a potential way to prevent microbiome-related diseases, although this potential has not been fully realized. Integrating observational human diet and microbiome data can help researchers understand the complex interactions between diet and microbiome, and improve the detection of diet-microbiome signals.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Yuan-Mao Hung, Tzu-Pin Lu, Mong-Hsun Tsai, Liang-Chuan Lai, Eric Y. Chuang
Summary: With the advancement of technology, an easy-to-use online platform EasyMAP has been developed for comprehensive analysis of microbial 16S ribosomal DNA sequences, providing users with various analytical tools and gene function predictions.
Article
Ecology
John Fieberg, Johannes Signer, Brian Smith, Tal Avgar
Summary: Habitat-selection analyses and integrated step-selection analyses are useful for linking animals to their environment, commonly used in wildlife management and conservation. However, many users struggle with interpreting parameters in these analyses, and using weighted distribution theory and Poisson point process can facilitate parameter interpretation.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Austin M. Eckhoff, Ashton A. Connor, Julie K. M. Thacker, Dan G. Blazer, Harvey G. Moore, Randall P. Scheri, Sandhya A. Lagoo-Deenadayalan, David H. Harpole, Keri A. Seymour, J. Todd Purves, Kadiyala V. Ravindra, Kevin W. Southerland, Daniel J. Rocke, Jennifer B. Gilner, Daniel C. Parker, James R. Bain, Michael J. Muehlbauer, Olga R. Ilkayeva, David L. Corcoran, Jennifer L. Modliszewski, Nicolas Devos, Matthew W. Foster, M. Arthur Moseley, Holly K. Dressman, Cliburn Chan, Janet L. Huebner, Scott Chasse, Linda Stempora, Mary E. Aschenbrenner, Mary-Beth Joshi, Beth Hollister, Ricardo Henao, Richard T. Barfield, Mark A. Ellison, Sean Bailey, Stephen Woody, Erich S. Huang, Allan Kirk, E. Shelley Hwang
Summary: The project aims to design a prospective biospecimen repository that integrates clinical data and multi-omics assays to study controlled injury and healing mechanisms. Methods involve collecting samples from patients undergoing 14 surgeries and utilizing genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic assays to describe their responses to injury.
