Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
Volume 109, Issue 2, Pages 478-486Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy237
Keywords
bone mineral density; obesity; older adults; protein; trabecular bone score; weight loss; weight stability
Categories
Funding
- Jason Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Medifast, Inc.
- Wake Forest Claude D Pepper Older Americans Independence Center [P30 AG21332]
- National Institute on Aging [K01 AG047921]
- National Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates Site grant [1559700]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Engineering Education and Centers [1559700] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Background: Dietary protein and micronutrients are important to the maintenance of bone health and may be an effective countermeasure to weight-loss-associated bone loss. Objectives: We aimed to determine the effect of a 6-mo hypocaloric, nutritionally complete, higher-protein meal plan on change in bone density and quality as compared with weight stability in older adults using a randomized post-test design. We hypothesized that participants randomly assigned to this meal plan would maintain similar bone density and quality to weight-stable controls, despite significant reductions in body mass. Methods: Ninety-six older adults (aged 70.3 +/- 3.7 y, 74% women, 27% African American) with obesity [body mass index (kg/m(2)): 35.4 +/- 3.3] were randomly assigned to a 6-mo hypocaloric, nutritionally complete, higher-protein meal plan targeting >= 1.0 g protein.kg body weight(-1).d(-1) [weight-loss (WL) group; n = 47] or to a weight-stability (WS) group targeting 0.8 g protein.kg body weight(-1).d(-1), the current Recommended Dietary Allowance (n = 49). The primary outcome was total hip bone mineral density (BMD), with femoral neck BMD, lumbar spine BMD, and lumbar spine trabecular bone score (TBS) as secondary outcomes, all assessed at baseline and 3 and 6 mo with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Baseline total hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine BMDs were 1.016 +/- 0.160, 0.941 +/- 0.142, and 1.287 +/- 0.246 g/cm(2), respectively; lumbar TBS was 1.398 +/- 0.109. Despite significant weight loss achieved in the WL group (6.6 +/- 0.4 kg; 8.6% +/- 0.4% of baseline weight), 6-mo regional BMD estimates were similar to those in the WS group (all P> 0.05). Lumbar spine TBS significantly increased at 6 mo in the WL group (mean: 1.421; 95% CI: 1.401, 1.441) compared with the WS group (1.390: 95% CI: 1.370, 1.409; P = 0.02). Conclusions: Older adults following a hypocaloric, nutritionally complete, higher-protein meal plan maintained similar bone density and quality to weight-stable controls. Our data suggest that adherence to this diet does not produce loss of hip and spine bone density in older adults and may improve bone quality. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02730988.
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