Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Florentina Duica, Cezara Alina Danila, Andreea Elena Boboc, Panagiotis Antoniadis, Carmen Elena Condrat, Sebastian Onciul, Nicolae Suciu, Sanda Maria Cretoiu, Valentin Nicolae Varlas, Dragos Cretoiu
Summary: PCOS is a complex disorder affecting 5% to 10% of women worldwide, with cardiovascular comorbidities such as endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress plays a key role in increasing CVD risk among PCOS patients, highlighting the potential benefits of antioxidant therapy.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Izabela Chudzicka-Strugala, Anna Kubiak, Beata Banaszewska, Barbara Zwozdziak, Martyna Siakowska, Leszek Pawelczyk, Antoni J. Duleba
Summary: The study demonstrated that in women with PCOS, lifestyle modifications combined with synbiotic supplementation can significantly decrease body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, and thigh circumference, as well as lead to a significant reduction in serum testosterone levels.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Izabela Chudzicka-Strugala, Anna Kubiak, Beata Banaszewska, Barbara Zwozdziak, Martyna Siakowska, Leszek Pawelczyk, Antoni J. Duleba
Summary: The study found that synbiotic supplementation can enhance the effects of lifestyle modifications on weight and testosterone levels in patients with PCOS, leading to significant improvements.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yujie Shang, Huifang Zhou, Ruohan He, Wentian Lu
Summary: This study found that diet is significantly related to improved fertility outcomes, reproductive endocrine, and clinical hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS. Low-carbohydrate diets were more effective in optimizing reproductive outcomes, while calorie restriction was critical in ameliorating hyperandrogenism. The positive effects were associated with the treatment duration, with longer duration leading to greater improvement.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Thomas R. Berni, Christopher L. Morgan, D. Aled Rees
Summary: The study found that young women with PCOS have an increased risk of myocardial infarction, angina, and revascularization, with weight and type 2 diabetes being potentially modifiable risk factors.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Thomas R. Berni, Christopher L. Morgan, D. Aled Rees
Summary: The study found that young women with PCOS have an increased risk of developing myocardial infarction, angina, and revascularization. Weight gain and type 2 diabetes were identified as modifiable risk factors that can be intervened upon.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Shanshan Mei, Jie Ding, Kaili Wang, Zhexin Ni, Jin Yu
Summary: The results of this study suggest that the MED/LC diet model is an effective treatment for overweight PCOS patients. It significantly restores their menstrual cycle, improves their anthropometric parameters, corrects their disturbed endocrine levels, and has better overall effectiveness compared to the LF diet model. Therefore, the MED/LC diet model is recommended for clinical treatment of overweight PCOS patients.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Robert Krysiak, Karolina Kowalcze, Witold Szkrobka, Boguslaw Okopien
Summary: The aim of this study was to determine if the androgen status modulates the impact of metformin on plasma prolactin levels in women. The results showed that the drug decreased total and monomeric prolactin and increased luteinizing hormone (LH) in control subjects. In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), metformin reduced LH, LH/FSH ratio, testosterone, and free androgen index (FAI).
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Claire Falzarano, Taylor Lofton, Adjoa Osei-Ntansah, Trinitee Oliver, Taylor Southward, Salim Stewart, Stanley Andrisse
Summary: Recent research has shown a high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Women with normal weight can also develop NAFLD. The majority of studies focus on adult, premenopausal women and little attention has been given to young and adolescent women with NAFLD. Future research should include more diverse populations and study the contribution of excess androgens and insulin resistance to NAFLD risk in women with PCOS of varying weights, ages, and ethnicities.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mohd Falihin Mohd Shukri, Mohd Noor Norhayati, Salziyan Badrin, Azidah Abdul Kadir
Summary: LC supplementation has a certain effectiveness in the treatment of patients with PCOS, improving body mass index and lipid levels.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Iris Lee, Julia Vresilovic, Maryam Irfan, Robert Gallop, Anuja Dokras
Summary: The study found that there is a difference in the risk of metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome between Black and White women, with Black women having a higher incidence rate. In addition to early cardiometabolic screening at the time of diagnosis, this population also requires ongoing and frequent screening.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Rong Tang, Junlan Yang, Yanmei Yu, Yuying Fang
Summary: The meta-analysis showed that CBT demonstrated significant advantages in alleviating anxiety, improving quality of life in hirsutism patients, and increasing compliance and pregnancy rate.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Maryam Kazemi, Joy Y. Kim, Cynthia Wan, Julia D. Xiong, Julia Michalak, Isabella B. Xavier, Kiran Ganga, Chau Thien Tay, Jessica A. Grieger, Stephen A. Parry, Lisa J. Moran, Marla E. Lujan
Summary: This study aimed to explore and compare the dietary and physical activity behaviors between women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and those without PCOS. The findings indicated that women with PCOS had lower overall diet quality, poorer dietary intake (higher cholesterol and lower magnesium and zinc), and lower levels of physical activity compared to women without PCOS. These results highlight the need for targeted interventions to address these lifestyle behaviors in order to manage the complications associated with PCOS.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nathalie di Clemente, Chrystele Racine, Rodolfo A. Rey
Summary: This article reviews the main findings on anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and its involvement in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its male equivalent. AMH has important roles in ovarian reserve, follicular development, and the differentiation of the genital tract. It is also used to assess Sertoli cell function in children and has potential implications for male fertility.
Article
Cell Biology
Pernille B. Udesen, Anja E. Sorensen, Rikke Svendsen, Nanna L. S. Frisk, Anne L. Hess, Mubeena Aziz, Marie Louise M. Wissing, Anne Lis M. Englund, Louise T. Dalgaard
Summary: In a 6-year follow-up study, it was found that the levels of certain miRNAs in women with PCOS changed, indicating a shift towards a less hyperandrogenic profile. These findings contribute to our understanding of PCOS and provide potential biomarkers for future research.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mads N. Thomsen, Mads J. Skytte, Amirsalar Samkani, Martin H. Carl, Philip Weber, Arne Astrup, Elizaveta Chabanova, Mogens Fenger, Jan Frystyk, Bolette Hartmann, Jens J. Holst, Thomas M. Larsen, Sten Madsbad, Faidon Magkos, Henrik S. Thomsen, Steen B. Haugaard, Thure Krarup
Summary: The study indicates that moderate carbohydrate restriction in individuals with type 2 diabetes can improve glycemic control, reduce circulating and intrahepatic triglyceride levels beyond the effects of weight loss itself. This improvement may be attributed to differences in protein and fat intakes, and the quality of dietary macronutrients.
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mads F. Hjorth, Arne Astrup
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Michelle D. Pang, Hulya Yilmaz, Arne Astrup, Ellen E. Blaak, Marleen A. Baak
Summary: This study found a positive association between changes in body mass index of parents and their children during a weight-maintenance family-based dietary intervention. Including parents in family-based dietary approaches for weight management of their children is effective, regardless of the child's weight status.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nicole Jacqueline Jensen, Helena Zander Wodschow, Mads Juul Skytte, Amirsalar Samkani, Arne Astrup, Jan Frystyk, Bolette Hartmann, Jens Juul Holst, Thomas Meinert Larsen, Sten Madsbad, Faidon Magkos, Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak, Steen Bendix Haugaard, Thure Krarup, Jorgen Rungby, Mads Norvin Thomsen
Summary: The study evaluated the effects of dietary carbohydrate restriction on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and cognition in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that weight loss improved physical health, while the amount of carbohydrates, protein, and fat in the diet may affect mental health and cognition.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mads N. Thomsen, Arne Astrup, Jens J. Holst, Sten Madsbad, Faidon Magkos, Steen B. Haugaard, Thure Krarup
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kim Huynh, Marianne Klose, Kim Krogsgaard, Jorgen Drejer, Sarah Byberg, Sten Madsbad, Faidon Magkos, Abdellatif Aharaz, Berit Edsberg, Jacob Tfelt-Hansen, Arne Vernon Astrup, Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen
Summary: This study investigated the safety and efficacy of Tesomet in adults with hypothalamic obesity. The results showed that Tesomet significantly reduced body weight compared to placebo and was well-tolerated.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
A. Asirup, C. A. Monteiro
Summary: The Nova classification of UPFs is based on poorly defined processes and presence of additives, leading to misclassification. High palatability of UPFs is said to promote overconsumption and obesity, but evidence supporting this beyond nutrient composition is lacking. Observational studies link UPF intake with obesity, but no independent associations have been found after accounting for confounders. A highly cited feeding study showed that reduced energy intake from UPFs can be explained by other dietary factors. Considering existing nutrient profiling systems already capture key determinants of chronic disease risk, the Nova classification adds little value.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Carlos A. Monteiro, Arne Astrup
Summary: The recommendation to choose unprocessed or minimally processed foods and freshly made meals over ultra-processed foods is gaining traction in official dietary guidelines. This recommendation is backed by research showing that a higher intake of ultra-processed foods is linked to poor-quality diets and increased risks of chronic diseases.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Letter
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nicole Jacqueline Jensen, Mads Norvin Thomsen, Mads Juul Skytte, Arne Astrup, Jens Juul Holst, Sten Madsbad, Faidon Magkos, Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak, Steen Bendix Haugaard, Thure Krarup, Jorgen Rungby
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
David S. Ludwig, Caroline M. Apovian, Louis J. Aronne, Arne Astrup, Lewis C. Cantley, Cara B. Ebbeling, Steven B. Heymsfield, James D. Johnson, Janet C. King, Ronald M. Krauss, Gary Taubes, Jeff S. Volek, Eric C. Westman, Walter C. Willett, William S. Yancy, Mark Friedman
Summary: The obesity pandemic continues to spread despite efforts to decrease energy intake and increase energy expenditure. There are two possible explanations for this failure: the public has not fully embraced the current approach, or the approach itself is based on an erroneous paradigm. The energy balance model attributes obesity to overeating, while the carbohydrate-insulin model suggests that hormonal responses to processed carbohydrates lead to energy deposition in adipose tissue. Resolving the deficiencies in the energy balance model is crucial to inform prevention and treatment strategies, but both models agree on targeting processed carbohydrates as major drivers of obesity.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nikita Misella Hansen, Peder Berg, Marianne Rix, Manan Pareek, Jens Leipziger, Anne -Lise Kamper, Arne Astrup, Mads Vaarby Sorensen, Louise Salomo
Summary: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the New Nordic Renal Diet (NNRD) on metabolic acidosis and uremic toxins in patients with moderate CKD. The results showed that one week of NNRD effectively improved metabolic acidosis and reduced urinary excretion of uric acid and uremic toxins. These results provide encouragement for further investigations on the long-term renal protection effects of NNRD in patients with CKD.
JOURNAL OF RENAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Helena Deris, Petra Tominac, Frano Vuckovic, Arne Astrup, Ellen E. Blaak, Gordan Lauc, Ivan Gudelj
Summary: The aberrant plasma protein glycosylation associated with various diseases was studied by analyzing glycomes from participants of the Diogenes study. Significant alterations in glycan structures were observed 8 weeks after the low-calorie diet, but these effects were nullified during the weight-maintenance diets period.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Philip Weber, Mads N. N. Thomsen, Mads Juul Skytte, Amirsalar Samkani, Martin Hansen Carl, Arne Astrup, Jan Frystyk, Jens J. J. Holst, Bolette Hartmann, Sten Madsbad, Faidon Magkos, Thure Krarup, Steen B. B. Haugaard
Summary: In a real-life setting, the benefits of a fully provided, hypocaloric, carbohydrate-reduced high-protein diet were not maintained when individuals with type 2 diabetes switched to self-prepared diets aiming for the same nutritional goals for 6 months.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sebastien Bailly, Odile Fabre, Mallory Cals-Maurette, Laurent Pantagis, Robin Terrail, Remy Legrand, Arne Astrup, Jean-Louis Pepin
Summary: This study assessed the impact of a weight-loss program on OSA risk and daytime sleepiness. The results showed that the program led to significant weight loss and improvement in both OSA and subjective daytime sleepiness.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cheryl Achterberg, Arne Astrup, Dennis M. Bier, Janet C. King, Ronald M. Krauss, Nina Teicholz, Jeff S. Volek
Summary: This paper discusses the issues with the US Dietary Guidelines for Americans over the past 40 years, including the insufficient assessment of scientific evidence and lack of transparency in the guideline development process. The paper highlights that the current guidelines have not fully adhered to the relevant laws and regulations, resulting in a lack of independence for the expert committee evaluating the science and a continued absence of a fully rigorous scientific process.