Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
Volume 95, Issue 4, Pages 842-858Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1093/ajae/aat015
Keywords
fruit and vegetable trade; phytosanitary treatments; non-tariff measures; gravity equation; Poisson; Zero-Inflated Poisson; F13; Q17
Categories
Funding
- Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics at Virginia Tech
- Economic Research Service [43-EAEL5-80055]
- National Institute of Food and Agriculture's (NIFA) Agricultural and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) [2010-65400-20437]
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Empirically assessing sanitary and phytosanitary regulations has proven difficult because most data sources indicate whether a regulation exists but provide no information on the type or importance of the respective measure. In this article, we construct a novel database of U.S. phytosanitary measures and match these to 47 fresh fruit and vegetable product imports from 89 exporting countries over the period 1996-2008. A product-line gravity equation that accounts for zero trade flows is developed to investigate the trade impact of different pest-mitigation measures. While the results suggest that phytosanitary treatments generally reduce trade, the actual restrictiveness of these measures diminishes dramatically as exporters accumulate experience, and it vanishes when exporters reach a certain threshold. The results have important policy implications considering the number of empirical studies that find a negative impact of non-tariff measures on trade.
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