Article
Physiology
Sebastian L. Johnston, David L. Goldblatt, Scott E. Evans, Michael J. Tuvim, Burton F. Dickey
Summary: Airway epithelial cells sense and respond defensively to pathogens, with specificity for different pathogen classes. Type 1 immune responses target intracellular pathogens like viruses, while Type 2 responses target helminths and fungi, and Type 3 responses target extracellular microbial pathogens. These responses involve changes in gene expression, release of cytokines, and induction of immune responses to resist infection.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Thomas Plante-Bordeneuve, Charles Pilette, Antoine Froidure
Summary: The interaction between lung epithelium and the immune system plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Pathways such as DAMPs-PAMPs are highlighted as potential mechanisms involved in disease progression.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joanna Jeruzal-Swiatecka, Edyta Borkowska, Mateusz Laszczych, Zuzanna Nowicka, Wioletta Pietruszewska
Summary: Studies have shown that there are differences in TAS2R38 receptor expression in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis compared to healthy controls. The stimulation of TAS2R38 receptors can lead to nitric oxide production, which damages bacteria and increases ciliary beat frequency. This study found that TAS2R38 receptor expression is present in nasal polyps of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and is reduced in the sinonasal mucosa of patients with more advanced disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Lijia Xuan, Nan Zhang, Xiangdong Wang, Luo Zhang, Claus Bachert
Summary: The role of IL-10 family cytokines in CRSwNP is being reevaluated, as they have been found to not only affect epithelial function but also be involved in allergies and infections, and respond to glucocorticoid treatment. Utilizing these cytokines for treatment may be an effective strategy for treating CRSwNP.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Iwona T. Myszor, Gudmundur Hrafn Gudmundsson
Summary: The innate immune system of the airway epithelium consists of multiple components that work together to protect the host from invading pathogens. Modulating innate immune responses in the airway epithelium to boost host defenses and enhance immune responses is an alternative approach to standard antibiotics. This review discusses the possibilities of such modulation for host-directed therapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Otorhinolaryngology
Philippe Gevaert, Joseph K. Han, Steven G. Smith, Ana R. Sousa, Peter H. Howarth, Steven W. Yancey, Robert Chan, Claus Bachert
Summary: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is associated with eosinophilic tissue infiltration and elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-5. Eosinophils and IL-5 play important roles in CRSwNP pathology and may serve as biomarkers for NP recurrence.
INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Jacob A. Van Winkle, Stefan T. Peterson, Elizabeth A. Kennedy, Michael J. Wheadon, Harshad Ingle, Chandni Desai, Rachel Rodgers, David A. Constant, Austin P. Wright, Lena Li, Maxim N. Artyomov, Sanghyun Lee, Megan T. Baldridge, Timothy J. Nice
Summary: Bacterial microbiota stimulate the expression of antiviral genes in intestinal epithelial cells, enhancing host defense against enteric viruses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Asa Torinsson Naluai, Malin Ostensson, Philippa C. C. Fowler, Sanna Abrahamsson, Bjorn Andersson, Stina Lassesson, Frida Jacobsson, Martin Oscarsson, Anton Bohman, Ali M. M. Harandi, Mats Bende
Summary: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common upper respiratory tract complication with unknown pathogenesis. In this study, the transcriptome profile in nasal mucosa biopsies of CRSwNP patients and healthy individuals was investigated. The upregulated genes in polyp mucosa included CCL18, CLEC4G, CCL13, and SLC9A3. Pathways involving ciliated epithelial cells and viral pathways were significantly differentially expressed in CRSwNP patients. Genes within genome-wide associated regions of COVID-19, such as LZTFL1, CCR9, SLC6A20, IFNAR1, IFNAR2, and IL10RB, were also upregulated in polyp mucosa. The overexpression of CLEC4G, which can bind to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and mediate its entry, suggests a potential role in CRSwNP pathogenesis.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Spela Knez, Mojca Narat, Jernej Ogorevc
Summary: Toll-like receptor 10 (TLR10) is a member of TLR family with unclear function and ligand. Its role as an immunomodulator appears to be cell type, pathogen, and TLR10 expression level-dependent. In this study, we overexpressed TLR10 in A549 lung epithelial cells and observed differential expression of TLR signaling genes activated by various TLR ligands. The overexpression of TLR10 suppressed proinflammatory cytokine expression and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine and antimicrobial peptide expression, suggesting its potential as an anti-inflammatory molecule in A549 cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuhan Wang, Bing Yu, Yuheng Luo, Ping Zheng, Xiangbing Mao, Zhiqing Huang, Jie Yu, Junqiu Luo, Hui Yan, Aimin Wu, Jun He
Summary: In this study, the protective effects of porcine interferon-lambda 3 (PIFN-lambda 3) on intestinal inflammation and injury induced by porcine rotavirus (PRV) were explored. PIFN-lambda 3 decreased the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, increased the concentrations of immunoglobulins, and restored the damaged intestinal structure. These findings suggest that PIFN-lambda 3 could be a promising candidate for preventing pathogen-induced bowel diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Review
Allergy
Yan Li, Wei Wang, Sun Ying, Feng Lan, Luo Zhang
Summary: This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the activity of ILC2, including their accumulation at airway inflammation sites, cooperation with Th2 cells in aggravating CRSwNP inflammatory process, and interactions with Tregs in resisting Tregs-mediated suppressive function in allergic inflammation.
ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Allergy
Johanna J. Salomon, Tobias Albrecht, Simon Y. Graeber, Heike Scheuermann, Simone Butz, Jolanthe Schatterny, Heimo Mairbaeurl, Ingo Baumann, Marcus A. Mall
Summary: Studies on primary nasal epithelial cultures and patients with CRSwNP revealed a reduction in TMEM16A-mediated Ca2+-activated Cl- secretion in patients. Stimulation with IL-13 increased TMEM16A expression and restored Cl- secretion.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Florent Carsuzaa, Emilie Bequignon, Sophie Bartier, Andre Coste, Xavier Dufour, Matthieu Bainaud, Jean Claude Lecron, Bruno Louis, Stephane Tringali, Laure Favot, Maxime Fieux
Summary: This study investigated the presence of OSM and IL-6, as well as the expression pattern of tight junctions, in CRSwNP patients and controls. The results showed that OSM and IL-6 were overexpressed, and tight junction (ZO-1 and occludin) expression was decreased in nasal polyps compared to control mucosa. In vitro experiments further demonstrated that OSM could significantly reduce tight junction expression, transepithelial electric resistance, and ciliary beating efficiency, while promoting cell repair mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Caroline M. Weight, Simon P. Jochems, Hugh Adler, Daniela M. Ferreira, Jeremy S. Brown, Robert S. Heyderman
Summary: Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae is common in humans, especially in older individuals. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have had some success in protecting young children and indirectly older people through herd immunity, but serotype replacement is still a concern. Older individuals often experience chronic inflammation, known as 'Inflammageing', which may increase mortality risk and affect the outcome of pneumococcal infection.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Paulina Misiukiewicz-Stepien, Magdalena Paplinska-Goryca
Summary: Despite ongoing efforts to reduce air pollutant emissions, environmental pollution continues to increase, particularly impacting respiratory diseases due to exposure to elevated levels of airborne particles. PM10, the largest fraction of air pollutants, contains various harmful components that can disrupt natural airway defense mechanisms and promote respiratory issues. This review highlights the importance of understanding the physical features of PM10 and its impact on airway epithelial cells and obstructive pulmonary diseases.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Allergy
Sandra Ekstedt, Olivia Larsson, Susanna Kumlien Georen, Lars Olaf Cardell
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY
(2020)
Article
Allergy
Dan Weinfeld, Ulla Westin, Laila Hellkvist, Ulf-Henrik Mellqvist, Ingvar Jacobsson, Lars-Olaf Cardell
ALLERGY ASTHMA AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Allergy
Sandra Ekstedt, Susanna Kumlien Georen, Lars Olaf Cardell
ALLERGY ASTHMA AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Karin Jonstam, Tim Delemarre, Gabriele Holtappels, Cardell Lars-Olaf, Marit Westman, Claus Bachert
Summary: The study aims to investigate the shift towards type 2 inflammation within the CRS population in Belgium and further classify different types of CRS based on clinical markers. Findings suggest that there has been an increase in type 2 inflammatory markers in CRS patients in Belgium over recent years.
Article
Oncology
Krzysztof Piersiala, Pedro Farrajota Neves da Silva, Eric Hjalmarsson, Aeneas Kolev, Asa Kagedal, Magnus Starkhammar, Alexandra Elliot, Linda Marklund, Gregori Margolin, Eva Munck-Wikland, Susanna Kumlien Georen, Lars-Olaf Cardell
Summary: This study investigated the expression of PD-1, CD69, and HLA-DR on T cells in OSCC patients' PBMCs, TDLNs, and tumor samples. The results showed highly activated T lymphocytes expressing high levels of PD-1 in OSCC tissue, with lower levels in TDLNs and peripheral blood. Patients with a high percentage of CD3(+) PD-1(+) cells in TDLNs had significantly lower disease-free and overall survival rates. This suggests that analyzing PD-1 levels in TDLNs may help predict survival and response to anti-PD-1 therapy in OSCC.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Johanna Westerberg, Ellen Tideholm, Krzysztof Piersiala, Cecilia Drakskog, Susanna Kumlien Georen, Elina Maki-Torkko, Lars Olaf Cardell
Summary: The study discovered significant alterations in the expression levels of key molecules in the JAK/STAT pathway in the middle ear mucosa of patients with acquired cholesteatoma, with upregulation of SOCS1 and downregulation of STAT5B being the main findings compared to healthy controls.
OTOLOGY & NEUROTOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Allergy
Olivia Larsson, Ola Sunnergren, Claus Bachert, Susanna Kumlien Georen, Lars Olaf Cardell
Summary: This study examined the disturbance in the SP-TLR axis in patients with allergic rhinitis. It was found that TLR4 expression was delayed and prolonged, NEP expression was lower, and NK1 receptor expression was increased in AR patients compared to healthy controls. SP-induced regulation of TLR4 was disrupted in AR, suggesting an altered innate immune response that may contribute to prolonged responses to infection in AR.
CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL ALLERGY
(2021)
Article
Allergy
Laila Hellkvist, Eric Hjalmarsson, Dan Weinfeld, Aslog Dahl, Agneta Karlsson, Marit Westman, Karin Lundkvist, Ola Winqvist, Susanna Kumlien Georen, Ulla Westin, Lars Olaf Cardell
Summary: The study found that high-dose ILIT after recent SCIT may further reduce grass pollen-induced seasonal symptoms, but caution is needed when up-dosing in de novo ILIT.
Article
Immunology
Junjie Ma, Christopher A. Tibbitt, Susanna Kumlien Georen, Murray Christian, Ben Murrell, Lars-Olaf Cardell, Claus Bachert, Jonathan M. Coquet
Summary: The study identified various subsets of T cells in nasal polyps of patients with CRSwNP, including regulatory T cells and T(H)2 cells, expanding the understanding of the complexity of T cell populations in this disease.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Allergy
Petter Olsson, Carl Skroder, Lars Ahlbeck, Frida Hjalte, Karl-Olof Welin, Ulla Westin, Morgan Andersson, Cecilia Ahlstrom-Emanuelsson, Lars-Olaf Cardell
Summary: The study aimed to compare the health-economic consequences of treating seasonal allergic rhinitis (AR) with sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) versus standard pharmacological therapy. The results show that SLIT may be a cost-beneficial approach for managing AR.
ALLERGY ASTHMA AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Krzysztof Piersiala, Lara Kakabas, Anna Bruckova, Magnus Starkhammar, Lars Olaf Cardell
Summary: This study aims to present a novel clinical manifestation of Omicron variant infection in young, vaccinated, and healthy adults. The study identifies a new group of COVID-19 patients seeking emergency care with symptoms similar to epiglottitis. Prompt examination and management lead to favorable outcomes for most patients.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Nicole van der Burg, Henning Stenberg, Sandra Ekstedt, Zuzana Diamant, Daisy Bornesund, Jaro Ankerst, Susanna Kumlien Georen, Lars-Olaf Cardell, Leif Bjermer, Jonas Erjefalt, Ellen Tufvesson
Summary: This study found that dual responders (DR) in allergic asthma have a higher number of neutrophils in their airways at baseline and a more active neutrophil phenotype. After allergen challenge, DR released neutrophil extracellular trap factors earlier, which may contribute to the development of a late allergic reaction (LAR).
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Sandra Ekstedt, Vilma Lagebro, Susanna Kumlien Georen, Lars Olaf Cardell
Summary: This study investigated the interaction between neutrophils and airway epithelium during inflammatory resolution in patients with allergic asthma. The results showed that healthy epithelial cells regenerated faster than asthmatic epithelial cells, and autologous neutrophils improved the regeneration of healthy epithelial cells but not asthmatic epithelial cells. Furthermore, the expression of IL-8 and β-catenin was down-regulated in healthy epithelial cells after resolution, but not in asthmatic epithelial cells.
ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Rusana Bark, Aeneas Kolev, Alexandra Elliot, Krzysztof Piersiala, Anders Nasman, Per Gryback, Susanna Kumlien Georen, Malin Wendt, Lars Olaf Cardell, Gregori Margolin, Linda Marklund
Summary: This study investigates the nodal drainage and the rate of positive sentinel nodes (SNs+) in all stages of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The results suggest that SN-assisted nodal dissection may have potential prognostic advantages and enable more accurate staging for all OSCC patients.
Article
Allergy
Eric Hjalmarsson, Marianne Petro, Susanna Kumlien Georen, Ola Winqvist, Lars Olaf Cardell
Summary: This study demonstrates for the first time increased activity in the Notch1/4 - JAG-1/DLL-1 pathways among allergic individuals. It further emphasizes the significance of Notch signaling in allergic rhinitis, and suggests that blocking JAG-1 and DLL-1-induced Notch signaling by nasal epithelial cells and neutrophils may reduce allergic airway inflammation.
ALLERGY ASTHMA AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
