Article
Physiology
Evgenia Dobrinskikh, Saif I. Al-Juboori, Miguel A. Zarate, Lijun Zheng, Robyn De Dios, Durga Balasubramaniyan, Laura G. Sherlock, David J. Orlicky, Clyde J. Wright
Summary: Both high and low doses of acetaminophen (APAP) exposure can induce pulmonary injury, with even exposures that do not result in significant hepatic injury impacting the mature lung with acute inflammatory, morphometric, and metabolic changes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Agnieszka Baranska, Wieslaw Kanadys, Artur Wdowiak, Maria Malm, Agata Blaszczuk, Urszula Religioni, Anita Wdowiak-Filip, Malgorzata Polz-Dacewicz
Summary: This report evaluated the association between in utero exposure to paracetamol and the risk of developing respiratory disorders such as asthma and wheeze after birth. The study included 330,550 women, and the results showed a significant increased risk of asthma and wheezing in children whose mothers were exposed to paracetamol during pregnancy. Therefore, caution should be exercised when using paracetamol during pregnancy, with the lowest effective dose and shortest duration of use.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ning Kuo, Nien-Yin Su, Sen-Kuang Hou, Yi-No Kang
Summary: This study found that in febrile children under the age of 2, there are differences in efficacy and safety between acetaminophen and ibuprofen, with acetaminophen having lower fever resolution rates than ibuprofen, and acetaminophen also having lower overall adverse event rates than ibuprofen.
ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rayanne Henrique Santana da Silva, Mariana de Moura, Larissa de Paula, Kelly Carolina Arantes, Marina da Silva, Jaqueline de Amorim, Marina Pacheco Miguel, Danieli Brolo Martins, Daniela de Melo e Silva, Marilia Martins Melo, Ana Flavia Machado Botelho
Summary: In this study, the hepatoprotective effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against paracetamol (PAR) poisoning were analyzed. The results showed that the combined treatment of CoQ10 and NAC could alleviate liver damage caused by PAR intoxication, while NAC alone had limited effectiveness.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Barbara N. Gimenez, Agustina V. Schenone, Orlando M. Alfano, Leandro O. Conte
Summary: The study investigated the degradation of paracetamol in an aqueous medium using the Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions, aiming to develop a kinetic model. The photo-Fenton reaction outperformed the Fenton reaction, achieving a lower relative PCT concentration in a shorter reaction time and with lower HP concentration. The kinetic parameters of the proposed model were estimated using experimental results, showing good agreement between predicted and actual data.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ines Coelho, Nadia Duarte, Andre Barros, Maria Paula Macedo, Carlos Penha-Goncalves
Summary: The immune receptor Trem-2 plays a crucial role in controlling the transition of liver macrophages from inflammatory to restorative phenotypes during liver injury, impacting endothelial cell differentiation and influencing the resolution of hepatic damage. Its absence results in delayed repopulation of Kupffer cells and accumulation of liver-damage associated endothelial cell population, suggesting that Trem-2 promotes the acquisition of restorative properties in macrophages and is linked to the progression of liver pathology.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Olivia Reid, Janet Ngo, Samanta Lalic, Elizabeth Su, Rohan A. Elliott
Summary: This study investigates the dosing and monitoring of liver function tests in older hospital inpatients who are frail or have low body weight and are administered paracetamol. The majority of patients received higher than recommended doses of paracetamol, and a significant number of patients were not tested for liver function.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Santosh Kumar, Bhupesh Singla, Ajay K. Singh, Stacey M. Thomas-Gooch, Kaining Zhi, Udai P. Singh
Summary: This review discusses the role of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in the metabolism of alcohol and drugs, as well as its involvement in mediating injury/toxicities and drug-drug/alcohol-drug interactions. It also explores various compounds and nutraceuticals that can reduce or prevent alcohol/drug-induced toxicity, and highlights the potential use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing CYP2E1 in the communication between cells. The review concludes with perspectives on the clinical relevance of EVs containing CYP2E1 and the potential of using CYP2E1 and EVs as targets for drug delivery.
Article
Neurosciences
Florence Morissette, Violaine Mongeau-Perusse, Elie Rizkallah, Pamela Thebault, Stephanie Lepage, Suzanne Brissette, Julie Bruneau, Simon Dubreucq, Emmanuel Stip, Jean-Francois Cailhier, Didier Jutras-Aswad
Summary: This exploratory study investigated the potential anti-inflammatory effects of CBD in individuals with CUD. The results showed that participants treated with CBD had lower levels of inflammatory markers compared to those receiving placebo, indicating that CBD may have anti-inflammatory effects in individuals with CUD.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Substance Abuse
Krzysztof Bogusz, Maciej Kopera, Andrzej Jakubczyk, Elisa M. Trucco, Katarzyna Kucharska, Anna Walenda, Marcin Wojnar
Summary: The lifetime prevalence of alcohol use disorder is higher among individuals with binge eating disorder compared to those without, with a relative risk of more than 1.5 times higher. The prevalence of alcohol use disorder is higher in community samples than in clinical samples, and in studies with a lower proportion of women.
Article
Emergency Medicine
Mohamed Amine Msolli, Adel Sekma, Marwa Toumia, Khaoula Bel Haj Ali, Mohamed Hassen Khalil, Mohamed Habib Grissa, Wahid Bouida, Kaouthar Beltaief, Asma Zorgati, Mehdi Methamem, Asma Belguith, Riadh Boukef, Hamdi Boubaker, Semir Nouira
Summary: This study found that combining a high-dose NSAID with acetaminophen does not provide additional analgesic benefits compared to acetaminophen alone, and acetaminophen alone is superior to high-dose NSAID alone for posttraumatic extremity pain.
ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus, Mark Tomlinson, Carol M. Worthman, Peter Norwood, Ingrid le Roux, Mary J. O'Connor
Summary: This study examines the challenges faced by South African mothers in terms of depression, alcohol use, and HIV/AIDS, and highlights the importance of interventions to improve maternal functioning and child development. The long-term outcomes of such interventions are often not monitored, and the role of social-cultural factors in maternal depression and alcohol use in low- and middle-income countries is not well understood.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Magnus Johansson, Anne H. Berman, Kristina Sinadinovic, Philip Lindner, Ulric Hermansson, Sven Andreasson
Summary: This study compared a therapist-guided internet-based alcohol program with self-help program and found that therapist guidance had some effect in reducing alcohol consumption, but was not significantly more effective than self-help overall. However, in the short term, therapist guidance was more effective than information alone.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Ergonomics
Harriet Garrisson, Andrew Scholey, Edward Ogden, Sarah Benson
Summary: This study systematically evaluated the effects of alcohol intoxication on driving-related cognitive functions, finding impairment in each cognitive domain at blood alcohol concentrations equal to or below the legal driving limit in many jurisdictions. Future research should focus on more consistent and reliable measures to assess the impact of alcohol on cognitive functioning and consider translating deficits to real-life driving situations.
ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Alicia Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Francesco Vitali, Marta Moya, Carlotta De Filippo, Maria Beatrice Passani, Laura Orio
Summary: The study found that alcohol binge drinking leads to dysbiosis in the gut microbiota of animals, and pretreatment with OEA can further exacerbate this dysbiosis, altering the microbial community structure. The results suggest that the protective effects of OEA in the context of alcohol abuse may not be related to OEA-induced changes in alcohol-induced dysbiosis, and further research is needed to fully understand the biological significance of these observed changes.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Emergency Medicine
George Sam Wang, Kate M. Reynolds, William Banner, G. Randall Bond, Ralph E. Kauffman, Robert B. Palmer, Ian M. Paul, Malin Rapp-Olsson, Jody L. Green, Richard C. Dart
Summary: This study analyzed the role of accidental unsupervised ingestions (AUIs) in adverse events (AEs) caused by non-prescription cough and cold medication (CCM) in children. The results showed that AUIs were a major contributing factor to AEs from CCM exposure in children, with the highest number of cases occurring in children aged 2 to 4 years. The study highlights opportunities for interventions to prevent AUIs of CCM in children.
PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY CARE
(2022)
Article
Toxicology
Brandon J. Sonn, Kennon J. Heard, Susan M. Heard, Angelo D'Alessandro, Kate M. Reynolds, Richard C. Dart, Barry H. Rumack, Andrew A. Monte
Summary: Elevated levels of allantoate and ornithine were found in subjects with ALT elevation in pre-treatment samples, along with significant baseline ALT and alkaline phosphatase levels. These metabolites may be indicative of pathways related to nitrogen release and urea production. Further investigation into metabolic alterations may provide insights into hepatic adaptation mechanisms for various pharmaceuticals.
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Anesthesiology
Diana Martins, Wayne Khuu, Mina Tadrous, Simon Greaves, Beth Sproule, Nikki Bozinoff, David N. Juurlink, Muhammad M. Mamdani, J. Michael Paterson, Tara Gomes
Summary: This study examined the changes in the monthly prevalence of rapid tapering among recipients of high-dose opioids in Ontario, Canada. The results showed that the monthly prevalence of rapid tapering increased after the implementation of key guidelines and drug policies, but eventually decreased. The findings highlight the importance of improved communication and evidence-based resources for prescribers to minimize the negative consequences of evolving policies and guidelines.
Review
Substance Abuse
Sara Ling, Julia Davies, Beth Sproule, Martine Puts, Kristin Cleverley
Summary: Most demographic variables do not consistently predict early discharge, and reasons for early discharge are not well understood. Future studies should focus on the predictive value of non-patient-level variables, or conduct analyses to account for predictors of early discharge among different subgroups of people (e.g. by gender or ethnicity). Qualitative research exploring patient perspectives is needed.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW
(2022)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nyasha Gondora, Sarah G. Versteeg, Caitlin Carter, Lisa D. Bishop, Beth Sproule, Dana Turcotte, Katelyn Halpape, Michael A. Beazely, Shelita Dattani, Mona Kwong, Lisa Nissen, Feng Chang
Summary: Pharmacists play a vital role in opioid stewardship, with interventions led by pharmacists or interdisciplinary teams showing improvements in outcome measures. They also contribute to community stakeholder education, policy and guideline setting, and risk assessment.
RESEARCH IN SOCIAL & ADMINISTRATIVE PHARMACY
(2022)
Article
Toxicology
Charles J. Gerardo, Daniel E. Keyler, Malin Rapp-Olson, Richard C. Dart
Summary: This study compared the control of tissue injury in copperhead snakebite patients treated with F(ab')2AV versus FabAV and found that the outcomes were similar between the two antivenom subgroups, indicating no significant difference in their effectiveness in controlling venom-induced tissue injury.
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
James Wilton, Stanley Wong, Roy Purssell, Younathan Abdia, Mei Chong, Mohammad Ehsanul Karim, Aaron MacInnes, Sofia R. Bartlett, Rob F. Balshaw, Tara Gomes, Amanda Yu, Maria Alvarez, Richard C. Dart, Mel Krajden, Jane A. Buxton, Naveed Z. Janjua
Summary: This study found that initiation of injection drug use may be more frequent among individuals on long-term prescription opioid therapy for noncancer pain, leading to a higher risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) acquisition.
Article
Emergency Medicine
George Sam Wang, Christine Buttorff, Asa Wilks, Daniel Schwam, Gregory J. Tung, Shireen Banerji, Richard C. Dart, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula
Summary: This study compares the trends of healthcare encounters and poison center cases related to opioids, cannabis, and synthetic cannabinoids in Colorado. The results show an increase in cannabis-related encounters and exposures after cannabis legalization, while opioid-related exposures have decreased.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Emergency Medicine
Steven M. Green, Richelle J. Cooper, Richard C. Dart, David L. Schriger, Donald M. Yealy
ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Joshua C. Black, Karilynn M. Rockhill, Richard C. Dart, Janetta Iwanicki
Summary: The purpose of this analysis was to identify mortality patterns by analyzing multiple drug classes together. The Drug Involved Mortality database was used to calculate the total number of drugs involved and percentages of specific drug combinations. Clustering techniques were then applied to identify patterns of drug combinations listed on death certificates. The results showed that while individual drug substances contribute to many deaths, polysubstance mortality is more common than single substance mortality. Multidimensional analyses integrating all drugs involved are useful in identifying uncommon overdose patterns and changing trends.
ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Sasha K. Kaiser, Richard C. Dart
Summary: Antidotes are commonly used to reduce or eliminate the toxic effects of poisons. Insufficient stocking of antidotes by hospitals has been a long-standing issue, with potential medical and financial implications. In the United States, there is no regulation requiring hospitals to adequately stock antidotes, but consensus guidelines have been published recommending specific quantities of antidotes to be stocked.
EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Joanna Hockenhull, David M. Wood, Francina Fonseca, Marilena Guareschi, Norbert Scherbaum, Janetta L. Iwanicki, Richard C. Dart, Paul Dargan
Summary: This study investigates the prevalence of non-medical use of codeine in Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK, and suggests that the availability of over-the-counter (OTC) codeine may be associated with higher levels of non-medical use.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Laura J. Fischer, Stevan G. Severtson, Marie C. Gurrola, Janetta L. Iwanicki, Jody L. Green, Richard C. Dart
Summary: In 2014, the rescheduling of hydrocodone combination products to Schedule II in the US resulted in significant reductions in prescriptions and misuse exposures. While there was a slight increase in prescriptions of oxycodone and other Schedule II opioids, the decreases observed in hydrocodone prescriptions were not offset. Overall, the rescheduling had an impact on prescribing and misuse of Schedule II opioid analgesics.
SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Karilynn M. Rockhill, Richard Olson, Richard C. Dart, Janetta L. Iwanicki, Joshua C. Black
Summary: This study utilized latent class analysis to identify unique behavioral profiles of adults who nonmedically use stimulants and opioids, revealing distinct patterns of behavior and motivations among different classes. The findings showed significant differences in DAST-10 scores across the identified classes, highlighting the importance of understanding drug use behaviors for interventions and public health approaches.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Joshua C. Black, Hannah L. Burkett, Karilynn M. Rockhill, Richard Olson, Richard C. Dart, Janetta Iwanicki
Summary: This study aims to analyze whether adults from the general population who use stimulants initiate use through a heterogeneous combination of behaviors and quantify the association between these typologies with present-day problematic drug use.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2023)
