Article
Immunology
David A. Garber, Patricia Guenthner, James Mitchell, Shanon Ellis, Anna Gazumyan, Martha Nason, Michael S. Seaman, Janet M. McNicholl, Michel C. Nussenzweig, Walid Heneine
Summary: The study demonstrated significant protection against repeated intravenous SHIV challenges with broadly neutralizing antibodies, particularly 10-1074. In the experiment, 10-1074 showed relatively longer persistence in vivo, while the levels of 3BNC117 were undetectable.
Article
Virology
Bapi Pahar, Wayne Gray, Marissa Fahlberg, Brooke Grasperge, Meredith Hunter, Arpita Das, Christopher Mabee, Pyone Pyone Aye, Faith Schiro, Krystle Hensley, Aneeka Ratnayake, Kelly Goff, Celia LaBranche, Xiaoying Shen, Georgia D. Tomaras, C. Todd DeMarco, David Montefiori, Patricia Kissinger, Preston A. Marx, Vicki Traina-Dorge
Summary: By using a varicella virus-vectored SIV vaccine and protein boosts, this study demonstrated a 37.5% efficacy rate against pathogenic SIV challenge in a rhesus macaque model by generating neutralizing antibodies, binding antibodies, and polyfunctional T-cell responses.
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Oluwafemi Obisesan, Lebogang Katata-Seru, Steven Mufamadi, Hazel Mufhandu
Summary: Nanoparticles encapsulating drugs show better treatment outcomes in HSV and HIV infections, providing sustained drug release to improve therapeutic effect and mitigate the low drug compliance associated with standalone drugs.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jean-Michel Molina, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Alejandro Saud, Christopher Bettacchi, Carolina Anania, Edwin Dejesus, Stephanie Klopfer, Anjana Grandhi, Karen Eves, Michael Robertson, Todd Correll, Carey Hwang, George Hanna, Peter Sklar
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of islatravir-based regimens for HIV-1 treatment. Results showed that treatment regimens containing islatravir and doravirine demonstrated antiviral efficacy and were well tolerated at different doses.
Article
Immunology
Dan Liu, Jiaojiao Liu, Tingting Xu, Hongwei Qiao, Yu Qi, Yuxun Gao, Ailixire, Lei Gao, Chunlin Li, Mingrui Xia, Hongjun Li
Summary: Using SIV-infected macaques as a model, this study found brain volume changes at 12 weeks post-infection in various brain regions. Despite early initiation of cART after SIV infection, brain atrophy in macaques was still observed, with signs of potential reversibility. Plasma viral load was associated with subcortical nucleus volume, while CD4(+) T-cell count and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio in plasma were linked to widespread cortical volume changes.
Article
Pathology
Melissa Krystel-Whittemore, May P. Chan, Sara C. Shalin, Kenan J. Sauder, Amy Hudson, Ruth K. Foreman, Mai P. Hoang, Jeoffry B. Brennick, Shaofeng Yan, Rosalynn M. Nazarian
Summary: This study presents the first known report of herpes virus infecting deep stromal cells of the dermis, highlighting the importance of considering cutaneous stromal herpes in patients with atypical clinical lesions, especially when immunocompromised. Establishing the correct diagnosis is crucial for initiating therapy.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Carl J. Balibar, Daniel J. Klein, Beata Zamlynny, Tracy L. Diamond, Zhiyu Fang, Carol A. Cheney, Jan Kristoff, Meiqing Lu, Marina Bukhtiyarova, Yangsi Ou, Min Xu, Lei Ba, Steven S. Carroll, Abdellatif El Marrouni, John F. Fay, Ashley Forster, Shih Lin Goh, Meigang Gu, Daniel Krosky, Daniel I. S. Rosenbloom, Payal Sheth, Deping Wang, Guoxin Wu, Matthias Zebisch, Tian Zhao, Paul Zuck, Jay Grobler, Daria J. Hazuda, Bonnie J. Howell, Antonella Converso
Summary: Antiretroviral therapy can inhibit HIV-1 replication but cannot cure the infection due to the persistence of a reservoir in the host genome. Reduction of this reservoir is important for HIV-1 cure. Some nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors have shown selective cytotoxicity against HIV-1 in vitro, but their concentrations required are much higher than approved dosages. By focusing on this secondary activity, researchers have discovered bifunctional compounds called targeted activators of cell kill (TACK) that can kill HIV-1-infected cells at clinically achievable concentrations. These TACK molecules bind to the reverse transcriptase-p66 domain of monomeric Gag-Pol and act as allosteric modulators, promoting dimerization and premature intracellular viral protease activation, leading to death of HIV-1(+) cells. TACK molecules retain potent antiviral activity and selectively eliminate infected CD4(+) T cells, providing a potential immune-independent clearance strategy.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Cheng Yang, Yi Yuan, Man Shen, Ke Wang, Hanqing Xu, Yingran Wang, Ming Chen, Jing Bao, Mingxuan Gao
Summary: tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) has been identified as a new biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of breast cancer. Researchers have developed a versatile enzymatic reaction called RT-NExT, which can accurately detect the expression levels of tsRNA in a fast and reliable manner.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Deepthi Konda, Laxmisha Chandrashekar, Rahul Dhodapkar, Rajesh Nachiappa Ganesh, Devinder Mohan Thappa
Summary: This study characterized the clinical markers of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection among patients with pemphigus vulgaris. It was found that male sex, presence of fissures, hemorrhagic crusts, erosions with angulated margins, linear erosions, and raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly associated with HSV infection. Hemorrhagic crusts and linear erosions were identified as independent predictors of HSV infection.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Ming-Tain Lai, Meizhen Feng, Min Xu, Winnie Ngo, Tracy L. Diamond, Carey Hwang, Jay A. Grobler, Daria J. Hazuda, Ernest Asante-Appiah
Summary: The combination of DOR and ISL shows a high resistance barrier against HIV-1 infection. DOR/ISL exhibits strong antiviral activity and no resistance to other drugs.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Duygu Tekin, Deniz Gokengin, Huseyin Onay, Selda Erensoy, Ruchan Sertoz
Summary: The study investigated mutations in PR, RT, and IN gene regions of HIV using NGS, and found NGS to be more sensitive and cost-effective compared to SS. Low-frequency resistance mutations were detected in 18.3% of samples, resulting in virological failure in only one patient. The cost of analysis was reduced by sample pooling and multiplex analysis with the MiSeq system.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Nongthombam Boby, Alyssa Ransom, Barcley T. Pace, Kelsey M. Williams, Christopher Mabee, Arpita Das, Sudesh K. Srivastav, Edith Porter, Bapi Pahar
Summary: Increased production of TGF-beta was observed in intestinal CD3(-)CD20(-)CD68(+) cells from SIV-infected rhesus macaques, which negatively correlated with the frequency of jejunum CD4(+) T cells. Disruption of a negative feedback loop mediated by SMAD7 may enhance TGF-beta production and SMAD-dependent signaling in SIV infection.
Article
Virology
Isabelle M. Castro, Michael J. Ricciardi, Lucas Gonzalez-Nieto, Eva G. Rakasz, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Ronald C. Desrosiers, David Watkins, Mauricio A. Martins
Summary: This study tracks the long-term effects of an AIDS vaccine on rhesus macaques, showing sustained anti-SIV immune responses and successful protection against a second round of rectal SIV exposure. These findings are relevant for the development of HIV vaccines.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Malgorzata Krzyzowska, Anders Jarneborn, Karolina Thorn, Kristina Eriksson, Tao Jin
Summary: This study provides evidence that treatment with tofacitinib may increase the risk of disease aggravation and severe encephalitis in primary herpes simplex infection by impairing antiviral response induced by monocytes and microglia.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Cooper K. Hayes, Christopher K. Villota, Fiona B. McEnany, Stacey Ceron, Sita Awasthi, Moriah L. Szpara, Harvey M. Friedman, David A. Leib, Richard Longnecker, Matthew D. Weitzman, Lisa N. Akhtar
Summary: Clinical HSV-2 isolates collected from neonates with encephalitis are more neurovirulent in human neuronal cell culture and murine models as compared to isolates from neonates with skin-limited disease, suggesting that viral factors contribute to neurologic outcome following human neonatal infection.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)