Article
Infectious Diseases
Shadia Nakalema, Catherine A. Chappell, Michelle Pham, Pauline Byakika-Kibwika, Julian Kaboggoza, Stephen Walimbwa, Joseph Musaazi, Ritah Nakijoba, Leah Mbabazi, Isabella Kyohairwe, Sylvia Nassiwa, Jeffrey Jeppson, Lee Winchester, Marco Siccardi, Courtney Fletcher, Kimberly K. Scarsi, Mohammed Lamorde
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of etonogestrel or levonorgestrel implants in women receiving either rilpivirine or darunavir/ritonavir-based ART. The results showed that rilpivirine had no impact on the pharmacokinetics, while the darunavir/ritonavir group had higher progestin exposure compared to the control group. Both implants were considered appropriate contraceptive options in ART treatment.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruxandra-Cristina Marin, Delia Mirela Tit, Oana Sandulescu, Adrian Streinu-Cercel, Simona Gabriela Bungau
Summary: The study found that in HIV-infected subjects, the use of DRV/c in combination with other antiretroviral drugs was better tolerated and had a lower impact on metabolic profiles compared to DRV/r. Specifically, patients in the DRV/c group were at lower risk of developing side effects and metabolic impairments in all body functions studied.
Article
Biology
Jolanta Nawrocka-Rutkowska, Iwona Szydlowska, Katarzyna Jakubowska, Maria Olszewska, Dariusz Chlubek, Aleksandra Ryl, Malgorzata Szczuko, Andrzej Starczewski
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy in reproductive-age females that is associated with metabolic disorders. This study identified abnormal oxidative stress (OS) parameters in patients with PCOS and found that insulin resistance (IR) may be the main risk factor for exposure to OS in these patients. Additionally, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) plays a crucial role in the development of PCOS.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bum Ju Lee
Summary: The study found significant associations of depressive disorder with biochemical and obesity indices, with these associations potentially differing according to sex.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Karolina Dobrowolska-Zralka, Krzysztof Kujawa, Bozena Regulska-Ilow
Summary: This study examined the association between lengths of service and diet quality among firefighters. It found that firefighters with more than 10 years of service had higher body weight, body fat levels, waist circumference, and other anthropometric parameters compared to those with less than 10 years of service. However, there was no significant difference in diet quality between the two groups.
Article
Immunology
Rustin D. Crutchley, David M. Jacobs, Joseph Gathe, Carl Mayberry, Nataliya Bulayeva, Kevin P. Rosenblatt, Kevin W. Garey
Summary: The study found that HIV patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy had significantly higher serum 25(OH)D levels after 48 weeks, with a reduced proportion of patients with vitamin D deficiency. Body mass index and baseline CD4 cell count were independent factors associated with changes in 25(OH)D, while baseline vitamin D levels did not affect CD4 cell count recovery. Additionally, current tobacco use was significantly associated with decreased odds of CD4 cell count recovery after starting treatment, suggesting a need for further clinical investigation.
CURRENT HIV RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Stefano Ciardullo, Francesca Zerbini, Rosa Cannistraci, Emanuele Muraca, Silvia Perra, Alice Oltolini, Gianluca Perseghin
Summary: Sex hormones have different impacts on body composition in men and women. This study aimed to evaluate the association between testosterone, estradiol, and body fat distribution in the general population. The results showed that testosterone was positively associated with lean body mass and negatively associated with fat mass and the android/gynoid ratio in men, while estradiol showed the opposite trend. Among women, testosterone did not have an impact on body composition, but estradiol was positively associated with lean mass and negatively associated with fat mass. These findings highlight the varying effects of sex hormones on specific fat depots between men and women.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Kyu Yeon Choi, Tae Yeon Kim, Young Eun Chon, Mi Na Kim, Joo Ho Lee, Seong Gyu Hwang, Jiwoo Lee, Mi Kyung Kwak, Eun-Gyoung Hong, Yun Mi Choi, Yeonjung Ha
Summary: The study found that in patients with MAFLD, reduced muscle mass and strength were associated with increased ASCVD risk in lean/normal weight individuals. Additionally, muscle mass was inversely correlated with ASCVD risk, while visceral adiposity was associated with advanced fibrosis.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Shin-Hee Kim, Yun Jung Choi, Moon Bae Ahn, Won Kyoung Cho, Kyoung Soon Cho, Min Ho Jung, Byung-Kyu Suh
Summary: Among children and adolescents with obesity, serum sclerostin was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms involved to understand how sclerostin affects the glucose metabolism.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tangying Li, Huibiao Quan, Huachuan Zhang, Leweihua Lin, Lu Lin, Qianying Ou, Kaining Chen
Summary: The study found that through common anthropometric and biochemical parameters, type 2 diabetes is more readily predicted in women than in men, especially in terms of blood glucose and HbA1c levels.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Barbara Lisowska-Myjak, Hanna Zborowska, Slawomir Bialek, Piotr Wroczynski, Marek Kuch, Ewa Skarzyzska
Summary: Investigating the association between serum thyroid hormone levels, triglyceride concentrations, and anthropometric parameters in young women, this study found that thyroid function is not related to body mass index (BMI) in healthy young women, but serum thyroid hormone levels are higher in overweight individuals. Moreover, the correlation between thyroid hormones and triglycerides differs in underweight and normal-weight women.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rafael S. Lima, Rafael T. Mattos, Nayara Medeiros, Fabiana M. Kattah, Julya R. S. Nascimento, Carlos A. Menezes, Fabricio Rios-Santos, Walderez O. Dutra, Juliana A. S. Gomes, Paula R. Moreira
Summary: Childhood obesity is a global health issue with associated inflammation and dysregulated adipose tissue secretion. This study aimed to investigate the expression of cytokines and adipokines, gene methylation on regulatory regions, and their association with anthropometric and biochemical parameters in obese children. Results showed dyslipidemia, altered adipokine levels, leukocytic cytokine expression, and higher methylation at the CXCL8 promoter in obese children, indicating associations with metabolic parameters.
Article
Physiology
Cristina Blasco-Lafarga, Jordi Monferrer-Marin, Ainoa Roldan, Pablo Monteagudo, Ivan Chulvi-Medrano
Summary: This study analyzed the metabolic behavior of active women over-60 during exercise and found that the switching of substrates from fat to carbohydrates was impaired, limiting power production and exercise capacity. The study suggests that decreased muscle power with age plays a key role in this metabolic inflexibility.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Piuque M. Rodriguez, Paola M. Ondarza, Karina S. B. Miglioranza, Critina L. Ramirez, Berta Vera, Celeste Muntaner, Natalia L. Guinazu
Summary: The aim of this study was to determine concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and selected current use pesticides in the placentas of pregnant women from Argentina. The results showed that all pregnant women are highly exposed to complex pesticide mixtures, including banned OCPs and the widely used chlorpyrifos. Intrauterine environment is the first chemical exposure scenario in life, through transplacental transfer.
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anju E. Joham, Helena J. Teede
Summary: A new paper investigates the genetic risk factors for PCOS and non-reproductive PCOS phenotypes, concluding that PCOS is a metabolic disorder and that ovarian function is not necessary for its cardiometabolic features. The study also highlights the implications of PCOS for both men and women.
NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Lawrence J. Purpura, Michelle Chang, Medini K. Annavajhala, Hiroshi Mohri, Lihong Liu, Jayesh Shah, Anyelina Cantos, Nicola Medrano, Justin Laracy, Brian Scully, Benjamin A. Miko, Marlena Habal, Marcus R. Pereira, Moriya Tsuji, David D. Ho, Anne-Catrin Uhlemann, Michael T. Yin
Summary: In immunosuppressed patients, the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 infection may be prolonged, leading to potential viral evolution. Immune response peaks around days 44-72 after diagnosis but wanes over time, allowing for increased viral genetic diversity and the emergence of variants.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Mona Abdo, Xingye Wu, Anjali Sharma, Katherine K. Tassiopoulos, Todd T. Brown, Susan L. Koletar, Michael T. Yin, Kristine M. Erlandson
Summary: Geographic location was a strong predictor of falls among older people with HIV, with differences in risk across regions. Associations between region and recurrent falls were found to be modified by physical activity and obesity status.
AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES
(2022)
Article
Health Policy & Services
Melody Wu, Stephanie Shiau, Renate Strehlau, Afaaf Liberty, Faeezah Patel, Megan Burke, Pamela M. Murnane, Avy Violari, Michael T. Yin, Elaine J. Abrams, Louise Kuhn, Stephen Arpadi
Summary: This study assessed pediatric disclosure among CLHIV in South Africa and found that about 70.3% of the children were aware of their HIV status. Older age and a history of hunger were predictors of disclosure. Caregivers who had not yet disclosed may have been preparing to do so by discussing their child's health and HIV-related topics.
AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV
(2023)
Article
Rehabilitation
Joanne Potterton, Renate Strehlau, Stephanie Shiau, Nicolette Comley-White, Louise Kuhn, Michael Yin, Stephen Arpadi
Summary: This study compared the sub-maximal endurance of children living with HIV (CLHIV) to a non-infected comparison group. The results showed that CLHIV who initiated antiretroviral therapy early with well-controlled disease were able to attain submaximal endurance levels similar to their uninfected peers.
SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY
(2022)
Letter
Immunology
Yanhan Shen, Stephanie Shiau, Michael T. Yin, Stephen M. Arpadi
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Abigail Baim-Lance, Matthew Angulo, Mary Ann Chiasson, Helen-Maria Lekas, Rachel Schenkel, Jason Villarreal, Anyelina Cantos, Christine Kerr, Aarthi Nagaraja, Michael T. Yin, Peter Gordon
Summary: This mixed methods study investigated the digital equity, access, use, and quality of HIV and specialty telehealth services for older persons living with HIV (PLWH) during the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that telehealth access and use were influenced by factors such as devices and connectivity, technology literacy, and comfort including privacy concerns. Participants perceived telehealth visits as less interpersonal and resulting in poorer outcomes compared to in-person visits, especially those with less formal education. The study highlights the need to establish equitable and desirable telehealth services for older PLWH.
BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Lihong Liu, Sho Iketani, Yicheng Guo, Eswar R. Reddem, Ryan G. Casner, Manoj S. Nair, Jian Yu, Jasper F-W Chan, Maple Wang, Gabriele Cerutti, Zhiteng Li, Nicholas C. Morano, Candace D. Castagna, Laura Corredor, Hin Chu, Shuofeng Yuan, Vincent Kwok-Man Poon, Chris Chun-Sing Chan, Zhiwei Chen, Yang Luo, Marcus Cunningham, Alejandro Chavez, Michael T. Yin, David S. Perlin, Moriya Tsuji, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Peter D. Kwong, Zizhang Sheng, Yaoxing Huang, Lawrence Shapiro, David D. Ho
Summary: This study identified a human monoclonal antibody, 10-40, that can neutralize or bind all tested sarbecoviruses and provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in vivo. Comparative studies showed that 10-40 has the broadest effectiveness against sarbecoviruses among other receptor-binding domain (RBD)-directed antibodies, making it a promising candidate for pandemic preparedness. Structural analyses also revealed a conserved epitope cluster and a distinct antibody class with a common CDRH3 motif.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Michael T. Yin, Donald R. Hoover, Qiuhu Shi, Phyllis C. Tien, Mardge H. Cohen, Seble Kassaye, Deborah Gustafson, Adaora Adimora, M. Neale Weitzmann, Hector Bolivar, Amy Warriner, Sara H. Bares, Anjali Sharma
Summary: This study investigated the role of hormone therapy in fractures among postmenopausal women living with HIV. The results showed that hormone therapy was not associated with fracture outcomes, and further research is needed to determine whether hormone therapy has benefits in preventing adverse aging-associated outcomes.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Alex K. Lyashchenko, Yifan Yu, Donald J. McMahon, Robert Bies, Michael T. Yin, Serge Cremers
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between systemic exposure to hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and its metabolite desethylhydroxychloroquine (DHCQ) and clinical outcome in severely ill COVID-19 patients. The results showed substantial variability in systemic exposure to HCQ and DHCQ, which was not clearly explained by renal or liver function or inflammatory state. Furthermore, systemic exposure did not correlate with intubation status, survival, or QTc prolongation. Therefore, this study adds to the growing body of evidence that oral HCQ does not alter the course of disease in COVID-19 patients.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Brandilyn A. Peters, David B. Hanna, Anjali Sharma, Kathryn Anastos, Donald R. Hoover, Qiuhu Shi, Caitlin A. Moran, Elizabeth A. Jackson, Maria L. Alcaide, Igho Ofotokun, Adaora A. Adimora, Sabina A. Haberlen, Mardge Cohen, Phyllis C. Tien, Katherine G. Michel, Steven R. Levine, Howard N. Hodis, Robert C. Kaplan, Michael T. Yin
Summary: In this cohort study, ever use of estrogen-based hormone therapy was associated with less progression of subclinical atherosclerosis over time in women with and without HIV. This suggests that hormone therapy may confer a similar cardiovascular benefit for both groups.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qian Wang, Yicheng Guo, Sho Iketani, Manoj S. Nair, Zhiteng Li, Hiroshi Mohri, Maple Wang, Jian Yu, Anthony D. Bowen, Jennifer Y. Chang, Jayesh G. Shah, Nadia Nguyen, Zhiwei Chen, Kathrine Meyers, Michael T. Yin, Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk, Zizhang Sheng, Yaoxing Huang, Lihong Liu, David D. Ho
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 have become dominant in the United States and South Africa, raising concerns about their ability to evade neutralizing antibodies and compromise the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutic monoclonals. A systematic antigenic analysis reveals that BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 have different levels of resistance to antibodies, with BA.2.12.1 being modestly resistant and BA.4/5 being substantially resistant. Certain mutations in the spike protein facilitate antibody escape, but compromise the spike affinity for the viral receptor. Only bebtelovimab retains full potency against both subvariants.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nadia Nguyen, Benjamin Lane, Sangwon Lee, Sharon Lipsky Gorman, Yumeng Wu, Alicia Li, Helen Lu, Noemie Elhadad, Michael Yin, Kathrine Meyers
Summary: This study assessed the acceptability and adherence to a daily at-home mobile-app connected rapid antigen testing regimen among employees of a media company in the US. The results showed that most participants had a high level of acceptance and adherence to the daily testing intervention. However, there are three implementation challenges that need to be addressed for frequent serial testing to have a positive public health impact, including guidance on adjusting testing frequencies, guidelines for storing and sharing test results, and prioritizing health equity and protecting vulnerable populations.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Rebecca Spicehandler, Jason Zucker, Caitlin Yumori, Matthew Adan, Caroline Carnevale, Deborah Theodore, Delivette Castor, Kathrine Meyers, Susan Whittier, Michael T. Yin, Alwyn Cohall, Susan Olender, Peter Gordon, Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk
Summary: This study aimed to increase provider documentation of risk reduction counseling by providing PrEP-related information in electronic medical records. The results showed that this intervention modestly increased risk reduction counseling, but did not increase documentation of HIV screening or PrEP prescriptions.
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Arnold Z. Olali, Kelsey A. Carpenter, Maria Myers, Anjali Sharma, Michael T. Yin, Lena Al-Harthi, Ryan D. Ross
Summary: The available data suggests that bone quality deteriorates in people living with HIV. Future research is needed to determine the factors, such as the virus or ARVs, contributing to bone quality loss and which bone quality factors are most associated with increased fracture risk.
CURRENT HIV/AIDS REPORTS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kathrine Meyers, Nadia Nguyen, Jason E. Zucker, Bryan A. Kutner, Caroline Carnevale, Delivette Castor, Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk, Michael T. Yin, Sarit A. Golub, Robert H. Remien
Summary: The long-acting integrase-inhibitor cabotegravir is highly effective in preventing HIV acquisition. However, its long drug tail poses challenges for safe discontinuation and potential drug resistance. Comprehensive patient education, training for healthcare teams, and adherence support strategies are suggested to overcome this challenge.