Review
Cell Biology
Hannah R. Bulgart, Isabella Goncalves, Noah Weisleder
Summary: Plasma membrane repair is crucial for cell survival and compromised repair capacity can lead to the progression of diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by membrane damage, reduced integrity, elevated calcium concentrations, reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal death. Recent evidence suggests that neuronal membrane damage and pore formation play a key role in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. Enhancing membrane repair therapeutically could potentially combat neuronal death.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Thomas R. Shaw, Subhadip Ghosh, Sarah L. Veatch
Summary: Lateral organization in the plasma membrane plays a crucial role in biological processes. Recent experimental support suggests that lipid organization is important in modulating membrane heterogeneity. The concept of liquid-liquid phase separation explains the observed heterogeneity and predicts responses to membrane composition perturbations.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 72
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joachim Krebs
Summary: This review summarizes the current knowledge of the structural and functional properties of the mammalian plasma membrane calcium pump (PMCA), and outlines how the cellular expression of different spliced isoforms of the four genes is regulated under normal and pathological conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katarina Ilic, Xiao Lin, Ayse Malci, Mario Stojanovic, Borna Puljko, Marko Rozman, Zeljka Vukelic, Marija Heffer, Dirk Montag, Ronald L. Schnaar, Svjetlana Kalanj-Bognar, Rodrigo Herrera-Molina, Kristina Mlinac-Jerkovic
Summary: The study found that PMCA-Neuroplastin complexes exist in specific ganglioside-containing rafts, affecting calcium homeostasis in neurons. GM1 was identified as the main ganglioside co-localizing with Neuroplastin, and blocking GM1 resulted in delayed calcium restoration in hippocampal neurons. The findings suggest that altered composition of ganglioside-containing rafts could lead to changes in calcium signal regulation in neurons.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biology
Lea Antje Adolf, Angelika Mueller-Jochim, Lara Kricks, Jan-Samuel Puls, Daniel Lopez, Fabian Grein, Simon Heilbronner, Bavesh D. Kana
Summary: Sufficient access to transition metals such as iron is essential for bacterial proliferation and their active limitation within host tissues effectively restricts infection. A study on Staphylococcus aureus reveals that the iron-regulated surface determinant (Isd) system is used by the pathogen to acquire hemoglobin-derived heme, and the heme-specific permease IsdF is energized by the general ATPase FhuC. The study also shows that IsdF requires appropriate location within the membrane and is associated with functional membrane microdomains, including the scaffolding protein flotillin A (FloA), which is essential for Isd-dependent bacterial growth.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Clifford R. Jack Jr, Heather J. Wiste, Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich, Dan J. Figdore, Christopher G. Schwarz, Val J. Lowe, Vijay K. Ramanan, Prashanthi Vemuri, Michelle M. Mielke, David S. Knopman, Jonathan Graff-Radford, Bradley F. Boeve, Kejal Kantarci, Petrice M. Cogswell, Matthew L. Senjem, Jeffrey L. Gunter, Terry M. Therneau, Ronald C. Petersen
Summary: Staging the severity of Alzheimer's disease pathology is important for therapeutic trials and clinical prognosis. Biomarkers such as amyloid and tau PET can be used for disease staging, but plasma biomarkers would be more practical.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Carmen Pena-Bautista, Lourdes Alvarez-Sanchez, Marta Roca, Lorena Garcia-Valles, Miguel Baquero, Consuelo Chafer-Pericas
Summary: The study reveals that plasma lipid profiles have the potential to be used for early detection and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Among the lipid families, diglycerols, lysophosphatidylethanolamines, lysophosphatidylcholines, monoglycerides, and sphingomyelins are important lipids associated with the progression of the disease. Monoglycerides show potential utility in Alzheimer's disease detection.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hyun-Sik Yang, Can Zhang, Becky C. Carlyle, Sherri Y. Zhen, Bianca A. Trombetta, Aaron P. Schultz, Jeremy J. Pruzin, Colleen D. Fitzpatrick, Wai-Ying W. Yau, Dylan R. Kirn, Dorene M. Rentz, Steven E. Arnold, Keith A. Johnson, Reisa A. Sperling, Jasmeer P. Chhatwal, Rudolph E. Tanzi
Summary: The study found that IL-12p70 and IFN-γ are associated with cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired elderly, and this association may be related to Aβ levels. This suggests that immune dysregulation plays an important role in early-stage cognitive decline.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2022)
Article
Biology
Jasmin Mertins, Jerome Finke, Ricarda Sies, Kerstin M. Rink, Jan Hasenauer, Thorsten Lang
Summary: SNARE proteins, such as syntaxin 1A and SNAP25, are seen to be largely separated in the plasma membrane but can be organized on a larger scale through interactions at the SNARE domain level. This suggests that SNARE domain interactions are not only involved in membrane fusion at the nanoscale, but also play a crucial role in organizing proteins on the mesoscale.
Review
Biology
Elizabeth L. Kordyum, Olga A. Artemenko, Karl H. Hasenstein
Summary: The necessity of including plants in a Bioregenerative Life Support System has led to research in optimizing plant growth facilities and better understanding the role of plant cell membranes in signaling, transport, and sensing. The composition of the cell membrane, particularly the recruitment of specific proteins, affects membrane domains and plasmodesmata. Further research is needed to explore the role of lipid rafts in physiological processes.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sylvain Lehmann, Susanna Schraen-Maschke, Jean-Sebastien Vidal, Constance Delaby, Frederic Blanc, Claire Paquet, Bernadette Allinquant, Stephanie Bombois, Audrey Gabelle, Olivier Hanon
Summary: Plasma P-tau181 is a diagnostic marker for Alzheimer's disease that effectively detects A beta+ status and conversion to dementia. However, its levels can be influenced by renal function and should be taken into account in the diagnosis.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pratishtha Chatterjee, Yeo-Jin Cheong, Atul Bhatnagar, Kathryn Goozee, Yunqi Wu, Matthew McKay, Ian J. Martins, Wei L. F. Lim, Steve Pedrini, Michelle Tegg, Victor L. Villemagne, Prita R. Asih, Preeti Dave, Tejal M. Shah, Cintia B. Dias, Stephanie J. Fuller, Heidi Hillebrandt, Sunil Gupta, Eugene Hone, Kevin Taddei, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Ralph N. Martins
Summary: The study identified associations between plasma neurofilament light chain, a marker of neurodegeneration, and plasma metabolites, suggesting a link between neurodegeneration and biological pathways associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology. Further validation in independent cohorts is needed to explore the potential of these metabolites as prognostic markers for neurodegenerative diseases.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Susanna C. Larsson, Benjamin Woolf, Dipender Gill
Summary: Genetically higher plasma caffeine levels may be associated with a slightly lower risk of Alzheimer's disease and potentially lower risk of Parkinson's disease according to different genetic associations. Further research is needed to confirm the potential protective role of caffeine in these neurodegenerative diseases.
Article
Neurosciences
Malin Wennstrom, Shorena Janelidze, K. Peter R. Nilsson, Geidy E. Serrano, Thomas G. Beach, Jeffrey L. Dage, Oskar Hansson
Summary: Recent studies have identified p-tau217 as a potential plasma biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its relationship with specific brain pathological events is still unclear. This study found that p-tau217 is mainly found in neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads, and differs from other p-tau variants. Individuals with a high likelihood of AD had significantly higher p-tau217 levels in specific brain areas and these levels correlated with amyloid-beta and NFT brain load. Additionally, the levels of p-tau217 in plasma correlated with its concentrations in individuals with amyloid plaques.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Konstantinos Chiotis, Charlotte Johansson, Elena Rodriguez-Vieitez, Nicholas J. Ashton, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Caroline Graff, Agneta Nordberg
Summary: Plasma GFAP concentration and astrocyte 11C-DED brain binding levels showed a negative correlation in both sporadic and Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's disease. It suggests that they may reflect different states or subtypes of astrogliosis. Increased 11C-DED brain binding appears to occur earlier in the progression of Alzheimer's disease than increased plasma GFAP concentration.
MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Letizia Maria Cupini, Paolo Calabresi
Summary: Giacomo Balla, an Italian Futurist painter, had a profound interest in neurophysiological and neurological sciences, which greatly influenced his personal painting style. His famous artworks serve as historical records of the neuroscience environment at the turn of the 20th century.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Valentina Damato, Claudia Papi, Gregorio Spagni, Amelia Evoli, Gabriella Silvestri, Gianvito Masi, Eleonora Sabatelli, Lucia Campetella, Andrew McKeon, Francesca Andreetta, Vittorio Riso, Gabriele Monte, Marco Luigetti, Guido Primiano, Paolo Calabresi, Raffaele Iorio
Summary: The study evaluated the long-term outcomes of patients with autoimmune cerebellar ataxia, distinguishing between paraneoplastic and non paraneoplastic cases. Neural autoantibodies were detected in a significant portion of patients, with all patients receiving immunotherapy. Patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar syndrome had higher SARA scores compared to idiopathic ACA patients, and those with good outcomes had lower SARA scores.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lorenzo Moccia, Pierluigi Lanzotti, Maria Pepe, Laura Palumbo, Delfina Janiri, Giovanni Camardese, Anna Rita Bentivoglio, Marco Di Nicola, Paolo Calabresi, Gabriele Sani
Summary: Functional movement disorders (FMD) are abnormal involuntary movements not consistent with neurological diseases. They often co-occur with mood and anxiety disorders and have poor clinical outcomes. This case report presents the successful treatment of FMD symptoms in a patient with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) using esketamine.
INTERNATIONAL CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Andrea Maria Alexandre, Iacopo Valente, Alessandro Pedicelli, Angelo Maria Pezzullo, Francesca Colo, Luca Scarcia, Andrea Romi, Mariangela Piano, Antonio Macera, Joseph Domenico Gabrieli, Giacomo Cester, Antonio Armando Caragliano, Sergio Lucio Vinci, Maria Ruggiero, Christian Commodaro, Andrea Saletti, Guido Andrea Lazzarotti, Mirco Cosottini, Valerio Da Ros, Luigi Bellini, Emilio Lozupone, Adriana Paladini, Valerio Brunetti, Roberta Morosetti, Giovanni Frisullo, Paolo Calabresi, Giacomo Della Marca, Aldobrando Broccolini
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion and baseline mild neurological symptoms. After propensity score matching, patients who received immediate mechanical thrombectomy had a higher chance of excellent outcome at 90 days compared to those who received best medical management/rescue mechanical thrombectomy, with a similar risk of death.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Karis Little, Maria Llorian-Salvador, Sarah Scullion, Cristina Hernandez, Olga Simo-Servat, Angel del Marco, Esmeralda Bosma, Maria Vargas-Soria, Maria Jose Carranza-Naval, Tine Van Bergen, Silvia Galbiati, Ilaria Vigano, Clara Alice Musi, Reiner Schlingemann, Jean Feyen, Tiziana Borsello, Gianpaolo Zerbini, Ingeborg Klaassen, Monica Garcia-Alloza, Rafael Simo, Alan W. Stitt
Summary: Type 2 diabetes is associated with complications like diabetic retinopathy and cognitive decline, with chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance playing crucial roles. Understanding these common pathological mechanisms may help in identifying T2D patients at risk of cognitive decline.
TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Clara Alice Musi, Luca Colnaghi, Arianna Giani, Erica Cecilia Priori, Giacomo Marchini, Matteo Tironi, Claudio Conci, Giulio Cerullo, Roberto Osellame, Manuela Teresa Raimondi, Andrea Remuzzi, Tiziana Borsello
Summary: The complexity of the human brain has so far hindered the development of in vitro models. However, using the Nichoid microscaffold device to culture brain cells and generate brain micro-tissues provides a new tool to study brain cell interactions and morphology.
Review
Neurosciences
Fausto Roveta, Aurora Cermelli, Silvia Boschi, Fabio Ferrandes, Alberto Grassini, Andrea Marcinno, Margherita Spina, Elisa Rubino, Tiziana Borsello, Alessandro Vercelli, Innocenzo Rainero
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate fluid biomarkers of synaptic damage in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The results suggest that Neurogranin, SNAP-25, and GAP-43 may serve as potential biomarkers for synaptic damage in AD. However, there are limited studies in this area and significant heterogeneity in the literature.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Zamira Kalemaj, Maria Michela Marino, Annamaria Chiara Santini, Giovanni Tomaselli, Amogh Auti, Maria Grazia Cagetti, Tiziana Borsello, Antonella Costantino, Francesco Inchingolo, Mariarosaria Boccellino, Marina Di Domenico, Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
Summary: This study aims to comprehensively examine miRNA expression in children with ASD and reveal potential biomarkers for the early non-invasive diagnosis of ASD. Preliminary data highlighted the presence of 365 differentially expressed miRNAs, of which 20 were upregulated and 21 were downregulated in children with ASD compared to healthy controls.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Husam B. R. Alabed, Paolo Gorello, Roberto Maria Pellegrino, Hovirag Lancioni, Roberta La Starza, Anna Aurora Taddei, Lorena Urbanelli, Sandra Buratta, Anair Graciela Lema Fernandez, Caterina Matteucci, Maurizio Caniglia, Francesco Arcioni, Cristina Mecucci, Carla Emiliani
Summary: This study aims to investigate the lipidomic analysis of erythrocytes in order to highlight variations between healthy and patient subjects. The results showed that the lipid composition of sickle cells, especially phospholipids, were altered in SCD patients. In-depth study of changes in lipid metabolism can provide insights into the enzymes and genes involved, improving the understanding of the biochemical basis of SCD and potentially developing a predictive score system for clinical severity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Clara Alice Musi, Carlo Bonadonna, Tiziana Borsello
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Giorgia Manni, Sandra Buratta, Maria Teresa Pallotta, Davide Chiasserini, Alessandro Di Michele, Carla Emiliani, Stefano Giovagnoli, Luisa Pascucci, Rita Romani, Ilaria Bellezza, Lorena Urbanelli, Francesca Fallarino
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed particles secreted by cells and circulating in body fluids. They not only serve as a tool for waste disposal, but also transmit cell signals. Aging is characterized by genomic instability, telomere erosion, epigenetic alteration, and defective proteostasis. Studies have shown that EVs released in cell models are associated with these aging hallmarks and can spread senescence signals. Furthermore, EVs have great potential as anti-aging tools. Although this is a recent field, altered EV secretion in aging suggests it as an emerging hallmark of aging.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Krizia Sagini, Lorena Urbanelli, Sandra Buratta, Carla Emiliani, Alicia Llorente
Summary: Altered cellular metabolism is a well-established hallmark of cancer, including the upregulation of lipid metabolism. Recent advances in lipid analysis have allowed for the investigation of the lipid content in cancer patient biofluids, leading to the discovery of potential cancer biomarkers. Biofluid-derived extracellular vesicles, with their unique molecular signature, have emerged as a promising platform for lipid biomarker discovery.
Review
Biology
Sandra Buratta, Lorena Urbanelli, Alessia Tognoloni, Raffaella Latella, Giada Cerrotti, Carla Emiliani, Elisabetta Chiaradia
Summary: The characterization of the protein and lipid content of milk extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different mammal species is crucial for understanding their biogenesis and biological functions, as well as for a comprehensive description of the nutritional aspects of animal milk for human diet. Limited studies have been conducted on the protein and lipid composition of milk EVs compared to those investigating nucleic acid cargo. However, recent research suggests that the biochemical cargo of milk EVs differs from other milk fractions, and there are variations in the composition of milk EVs among different animal species and under different lactation stages and health statuses.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Husam B. R. Alabed, Ambra Del Grosso, Valeria Bellani, Lorena Urbanelli, Sara Carpi, Miriam De Sarlo, Lorenzo Bertocci, Laura Colagiorgio, Sandra Buratta, Luca Scaccini, Dorotea Frongia Mancini, Ilaria Tonazzini, Marco Cecchini, Carla Emiliani, Roberto Maria Pellegrino
Summary: This study compared the lipid profiles of nervous system tissues in Twitcher mice and wild-type mice, revealing significant differences between the two groups, particularly in the sciatic nerve. The in-depth study of the lipid phenotype provided insights into the genes and enzymes involved in the disease.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Clara Alice Musi, Giacomo Marchini, Arianna Giani, Giovanni Tomaselli, Erica Cecilia Priori, Luca Colnaghi, Tiziana Borsello
Summary: JNK3 is a stress-activated protein kinase that plays an important role in synaptic dysfunction in the central nervous system. It is selectively expressed in certain tissues and is highly responsive to stress stimuli. The JNK3 pathway is activated through a cascade of phosphorylation and is regulated by scaffold proteins such as JIP1 and beta-arrestin2.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kun He, Mengyi Xie, Weifeng Hong, Yonghe Li, Yaolin Yin, Xiaojin Gao, Yi He, Yu Chen, Chuan You, Jingdong Li
Summary: Centromere protein L (CENPL) is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is associated with poor patient prognosis. Upregulation of CENPL promotes tumor proliferation and glycolysis in HCC cells by activating the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yingzi Wang, Haozhong Huang, Huimin Weng, Chunsen Jia, Bin Liao, Yang Long, Fengxu Yu, Yongmei Nie
Summary: Talin protein plays a crucial role in transmitting mechanical forces by connecting the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. It converts mechanical signals into biochemical signals and serves as diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic indicators in diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hema Saranya Ilamathi, Marc Germain
Summary: Mitochondria are the central metabolic hubs in cells, relying on proteins encoded by nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) for their function. The maintenance and distribution of mtDNA are crucial for proper mitochondrial function and are associated with mitochondrial diseases. mtDNA is organized into nucleoids that dynamically move and interact with each other. The replication and distribution of mtDNA nucleoids are regulated by the complex interplay of mitochondrial dynamics, ER-mitochondria contact sites, and cytoskeletal networks.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
K. K. Sruthi, Sirisha Natani, Ramesh Ummanni
Summary: The overexpression of TPD52 is associated with the emergence of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). TPD52 activates the NF-kappa B - STAT3 axis to induce neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) of prostate cancer cells. Therapeutic targeting of TPD52 is important for the treatment of prostate cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cui Li, Feifan Xiang, Yuqi Gong, Yi Fu, Ge Chen, Zhi Wang, Zhong Li, Daiqing Wei
Summary: Our study demonstrates the significant role of tumor-derived microparticles (T-MPs) in osteosarcoma metastasis and immune response. T-MPs promote macrophage polarization and stimulate migration and chemoresistance of osteosarcoma cells, thereby affecting the progression of osteosarcoma.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
(2024)